Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.1163/26667711-bja10005
S. Babb
In recent decades, there has been a remarkable shift in the governance of human research ethics in the United States. A model once based on review by panels of local volunteers has given way to a system dominated by large, for-profit research ethics committees. America’s reliance on for-profit ethics review is unique among wealthy industrialized countries. How can we account for this anomaly? In this article, I show that for-profit irb s represent only the most visible aspect of the privatization of human research protections in the United States. I suggest that private institutions have emerged as “workaround” solutions to systemic problems, in the absence of comprehensive policy reforms.
{"title":"The Privatization of Human Research Ethics: An American Story","authors":"S. Babb","doi":"10.1163/26667711-bja10005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-bja10005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In recent decades, there has been a remarkable shift in the governance of human research ethics in the United States. A model once based on review by panels of local volunteers has given way to a system dominated by large, for-profit research ethics committees. America’s reliance on for-profit ethics review is unique among wealthy industrialized countries. How can we account for this anomaly? In this article, I show that for-profit irb s represent only the most visible aspect of the privatization of human research protections in the United States. I suggest that private institutions have emerged as “workaround” solutions to systemic problems, in the absence of comprehensive policy reforms.","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"18 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74490926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.1163/26667711-78010026
P. V. D. Eijk
{"title":"Ancient Medicine and European Medical Historiography","authors":"P. V. D. Eijk","doi":"10.1163/26667711-78010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-78010026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85393240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.1163/26667711-78010025
K. Cerny
{"title":"Comments on the Diversity of Medical Histories","authors":"K. Cerny","doi":"10.1163/26667711-78010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-78010025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84891528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.1163/26667711-78010023
J. Reinarz
{"title":"The New Culture of Medical History","authors":"J. Reinarz","doi":"10.1163/26667711-78010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-78010023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81427891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.1163/26667711-78010029
K. Líšková
Specific developments in reproductive health occurred in Eastern Europe, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. During state socialism, it was experts, not social movements, who furthered the agenda of women’s health and sexuality. New analyses from the region and written mostly by authors who speak the local languages attest to the wealth of histories, highlighting different timelines of reproductive health developments, the unexpected causes behind them, and the social actors and institutions which played decisive roles.
{"title":"History of Medicine in Eastern Europe: Sexual Medicine and Women’s Reproductive Health in Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary","authors":"K. Líšková","doi":"10.1163/26667711-78010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-78010029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Specific developments in reproductive health occurred in Eastern Europe, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. During state socialism, it was experts, not social movements, who furthered the agenda of women’s health and sexuality. New analyses from the region and written mostly by authors who speak the local languages attest to the wealth of histories, highlighting different timelines of reproductive health developments, the unexpected causes behind them, and the social actors and institutions which played decisive roles.","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76910686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.1163/26667711-78010019
F. Huisman, Nancy Tomes
In an attempt to decolonize (the history of) global health, this paper aims to do three things. First, it claims that transposing the Enlightenment notion of a social contract in public health from a European to a global context has been an artificial move, and is in fact an artefact of colonial times. Secondly, it suggests a new kind of periodization for public and global health, using three consecutive logics which connect the motives of rulers and administrators to the perceived needs of their populations. Finally, it identifies several ‘technologies of control’ which are strategically used to come to an understanding of the practices (rather than the ideologies or blueprints) of global health.
{"title":"A World South-Side Up?","authors":"F. Huisman, Nancy Tomes","doi":"10.1163/26667711-78010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-78010019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In an attempt to decolonize (the history of) global health, this paper aims to do three things. First, it claims that transposing the Enlightenment notion of a social contract in public health from a European to a global context has been an artificial move, and is in fact an artefact of colonial times. Secondly, it suggests a new kind of periodization for public and global health, using three consecutive logics which connect the motives of rulers and administrators to the perceived needs of their populations. Finally, it identifies several ‘technologies of control’ which are strategically used to come to an understanding of the practices (rather than the ideologies or blueprints) of global health.","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83194358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.1163/26667711-BJA10003
Kim Girouard, S. Lamb
Vashti Bartlett, a Johns Hopkins nurse and member of the American Red Cross Commission to Siberia, was part of a global expansion of United States (US) influence before and after World War I. Through close examination of Bartlett’s extensive personal archives and her experiences during a 1919 cholera epidemic in Harbin, North China, we show how an individual could embody a “friendly” or “capillary” form of imperialist US power. Significantly, we identify in Bartlett yet another form that US friendly power could take: scientific medicine. White, wealthy, female, and American, in the context of her international nursing activities Bartlett identified principally as a scientific practitioner trained at Johns Hopkins where she internalized a set of scientific ideals that we associate with a particular “Hopkins ethos.” Her overriding scientific identity rendered her a useful and conscientious agent of US friendship policies in China in 1919.
{"title":"Scientific Medicine in the Time of Cholera: the Johns Hopkins Ethos and US Friendly Power in North China, 1919","authors":"Kim Girouard, S. Lamb","doi":"10.1163/26667711-BJA10003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-BJA10003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Vashti Bartlett, a Johns Hopkins nurse and member of the American Red Cross Commission to Siberia, was part of a global expansion of United States (US) influence before and after World War I. Through close examination of Bartlett’s extensive personal archives and her experiences during a 1919 cholera epidemic in Harbin, North China, we show how an individual could embody a “friendly” or “capillary” form of imperialist US power. Significantly, we identify in Bartlett yet another form that US friendly power could take: scientific medicine. White, wealthy, female, and American, in the context of her international nursing activities Bartlett identified principally as a scientific practitioner trained at Johns Hopkins where she internalized a set of scientific ideals that we associate with a particular “Hopkins ethos.” Her overriding scientific identity rendered her a useful and conscientious agent of US friendship policies in China in 1919.","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79519978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.1163/26667711-78010018
I. Sirotkina
{"title":"Olga Zvonareva, Pharmapolitics in Russia: Making Drugs and Rebuilding the Nation","authors":"I. Sirotkina","doi":"10.1163/26667711-78010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-78010018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76348736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.1163/26667711-78010013
M. Dinges
{"title":"Paolo Savoia, Gaspare Tagliacozzi and Early Modern Surgery: Faces, Men, and Pain","authors":"M. Dinges","doi":"10.1163/26667711-78010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-78010013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73642281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-27DOI: 10.1163/26667711-78010012
J. Turkowska
{"title":"Lenny A. Ureña Valerio, Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities: Race Science and the Making of Polishness on the Fringes of the German Empire, 1840–1920","authors":"J. Turkowska","doi":"10.1163/26667711-78010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-78010012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85599347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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