Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1163/26667711-bja10037
Marcin Stasiak, Ewelina Szpak
This article examines the issue of disease prevention in Poland under communist rule. The analysis is primarily focused on the second epidemiological transition – the process of displacing infectious diseases as the main cause of morbidity and mortality by chronic and degenerative conditions. The epidemiological transition coincided with the establishment of the new authorities and the stabilization of the socio-political order that the communists had introduced. This text will explore the interdependence of the political system and prophylaxis. Two interrelated problems are identified: the first is the role of the state in curbing infectious diseases; and the second is the ability of state institutions to identify and respond to new threats. The latter issue is considered in relation to the sharp rise in the incidence of cancer. This article demonstrates that the relationship between state and individual inherent in the authoritarian communist state was reflected in the ways in which prevention policies operated.
{"title":"Disease Prevention in a Communist State and the Second Epidemiological Transition: The Case of Post-war Poland","authors":"Marcin Stasiak, Ewelina Szpak","doi":"10.1163/26667711-bja10037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-bja10037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article examines the issue of disease prevention in Poland under communist rule. The analysis is primarily focused on the second epidemiological transition – the process of displacing infectious diseases as the main cause of morbidity and mortality by chronic and degenerative conditions. The epidemiological transition coincided with the establishment of the new authorities and the stabilization of the socio-political order that the communists had introduced. This text will explore the interdependence of the political system and prophylaxis. Two interrelated problems are identified: the first is the role of the state in curbing infectious diseases; and the second is the ability of state institutions to identify and respond to new threats. The latter issue is considered in relation to the sharp rise in the incidence of cancer. This article demonstrates that the relationship between state and individual inherent in the authoritarian communist state was reflected in the ways in which prevention policies operated.","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1163/26667711-20240011
Kevin Siena
{"title":"The Great Plague Scare of 1720: Disaster and Diplomacy in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World, written by Cindy Ermus","authors":"Kevin Siena","doi":"10.1163/26667711-20240011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-20240011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":" November","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1163/26667711-bja10036
Janka Kovács
The paper addresses the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century practices of care provision for the mentally ill in Hungarian hospitals run by the Brothers of Mercy, highlighting the connections between illness and poverty, and the approaches taken towards the treatment of mental illness throughout this period. Even though we cannot talk about standardized care and a systematic therapeutic regime having emerged by the early nineteenth century, the practice of registering and isolating those perceived as mentally ill within hospitals is already detectable. Besides the social background of the patients, the remaining documents (patient statistics, registries, and regulations) enable us to examine how mental illnesses were named and classified in the hospitals of the Order. There are references, moreover, to the isolation and division of these patients into different classes based as much on their social and financial backgrounds as on their mental state. A survey of the documents of hospital administration, alongside narrative sources that reflect the daily routine of the Order’s hospitals (e.g., newspapers, medical topographies, travelogues), highlights the problems of medicalization and the pursuit of specialized care for this severely marginalized and stigmatized subgroup of hospital patients. They also offer a unique glimpse into early strategies of care provided by the Church at a time when the medico-political authorities were only beginning to address the problem in the Habsburg monarchy.
{"title":"Poor, Sick, and Mad: Treating the Mentally Ill in the Hungarian Hospitals of the Brothers of Mercy (1740–1830)","authors":"Janka Kovács","doi":"10.1163/26667711-bja10036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-bja10036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The paper addresses the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century practices of care provision for the mentally ill in Hungarian hospitals run by the Brothers of Mercy, highlighting the connections between illness and poverty, and the approaches taken towards the treatment of mental illness throughout this period. Even though we cannot talk about standardized care and a systematic therapeutic regime having emerged by the early nineteenth century, the practice of registering and isolating those perceived as mentally ill within hospitals is already detectable. Besides the social background of the patients, the remaining documents (patient statistics, registries, and regulations) enable us to examine how mental illnesses were named and classified in the hospitals of the Order. There are references, moreover, to the isolation and division of these patients into different classes based as much on their social and financial backgrounds as on their mental state. A survey of the documents of hospital administration, alongside narrative sources that reflect the daily routine of the Order’s hospitals (e.g., newspapers, medical topographies, travelogues), highlights the problems of medicalization and the pursuit of specialized care for this severely marginalized and stigmatized subgroup of hospital patients. They also offer a unique glimpse into early strategies of care provided by the Church at a time when the medico-political authorities were only beginning to address the problem in the Habsburg monarchy.","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1163/26667711-20240007
L. Prüll
{"title":"Diabetes. Eine Wissensgeschichte der modernen Medizin 1900–1960, written by Oliver Falk","authors":"L. Prüll","doi":"10.1163/26667711-20240007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-20240007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1163/26667711-20240008
Andrea Ens
{"title":"Expanding Mindscapes: A Global History of Psychedelics, edited by Erika Dyck and Chris Elcock","authors":"Andrea Ens","doi":"10.1163/26667711-20240008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-20240008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"268 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1163/26667711-20240013
Christos-Stavros Konstantopoulos
{"title":"Μεταξύ “Κανονικού” και “Παθολογικού”: Κατασκευάζοντας την Παιδική Ηλικία και Νεότητα στο Αιγινήτειο Νοσοκομείο (1915–1939) , written by Δέσπω Κριτσωτάκη & Βάσια, Λέκκα","authors":"Christos-Stavros Konstantopoulos","doi":"10.1163/26667711-20240013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-20240013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1163/26667711-20240006
Alfred Freeborn
{"title":"Digitizing Diagnosis: Medicine, Minds, and Machines in Twentieth-Century America, written by Andrew S. Lea","authors":"Alfred Freeborn","doi":"10.1163/26667711-20240006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-20240006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1163/26667711-20240004
Ketil Slagstad
{"title":"The Quest for Sexual Health: How an Elusive Ideal Has Transformed Science, Politics, and Everyday Life, written by Steven Epstein","authors":"Ketil Slagstad","doi":"10.1163/26667711-20240004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-20240004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1163/26667711-20240002
Kim Shaw, Silvana Bettiol, Leonard Crocombe
The correlation between poor oral health and social and economic disadvantage is a global concern that continues to afflict vulnerable populations. Poverty and its related stresses were also significant factors in the poor oral health experienced by British convicts in the nineteenth century. This article presents an analysis of incidental descriptions of teeth, observed in physical accounts of convicts transported to the penal colonies of Van Diemen’s Land, now known as Tasmania, between the years 1803 and 1853. Coding of these descriptions found a significant disparity in the recorded tooth loss of female convicts when compared to their male counterparts. To interpret these findings and build a better understanding of the oral health status of this cohort, the current study draws on modern medical knowledge, relevant bioarchaeological studies and documented archaeological findings, as well as history of the time. Nutritional deficiencies, smoking, unsanitary living conditions and increased susceptibility to disease are common themes, which we know today, impact on oral disease and tooth loss. A less-expected narrative to emerge from the data reviewed, suggests a gender bias involving the close scrutiny of female appearance. Possible evidence of an historically acknowledged racial bias against those of Irish descent is also suggested in our analysis.
{"title":"Poverty and Prejudice: Assembling a Picture of the Oral Health of Convicts Sent to Van Diemen’s Land","authors":"Kim Shaw, Silvana Bettiol, Leonard Crocombe","doi":"10.1163/26667711-20240002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-20240002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The correlation between poor oral health and social and economic disadvantage is a global concern that continues to afflict vulnerable populations. Poverty and its related stresses were also significant factors in the poor oral health experienced by British convicts in the nineteenth century. This article presents an analysis of incidental descriptions of teeth, observed in physical accounts of convicts transported to the penal colonies of Van Diemen’s Land, now known as Tasmania, between the years 1803 and 1853. Coding of these descriptions found a significant disparity in the recorded tooth loss of female convicts when compared to their male counterparts. To interpret these findings and build a better understanding of the oral health status of this cohort, the current study draws on modern medical knowledge, relevant bioarchaeological studies and documented archaeological findings, as well as history of the time. Nutritional deficiencies, smoking, unsanitary living conditions and increased susceptibility to disease are common themes, which we know today, impact on oral disease and tooth loss. A less-expected narrative to emerge from the data reviewed, suggests a gender bias involving the close scrutiny of female appearance. Possible evidence of an historically acknowledged racial bias against those of Irish descent is also suggested in our analysis.","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1163/26667711-20240002
Kim Shaw, Silvana Bettiol, Leonard Crocombe
The correlation between poor oral health and social and economic disadvantage is a global concern that continues to afflict vulnerable populations. Poverty and its related stresses were also significant factors in the poor oral health experienced by British convicts in the nineteenth century. This article presents an analysis of incidental descriptions of teeth, observed in physical accounts of convicts transported to the penal colonies of Van Diemen’s Land, now known as Tasmania, between the years 1803 and 1853. Coding of these descriptions found a significant disparity in the recorded tooth loss of female convicts when compared to their male counterparts. To interpret these findings and build a better understanding of the oral health status of this cohort, the current study draws on modern medical knowledge, relevant bioarchaeological studies and documented archaeological findings, as well as history of the time. Nutritional deficiencies, smoking, unsanitary living conditions and increased susceptibility to disease are common themes, which we know today, impact on oral disease and tooth loss. A less-expected narrative to emerge from the data reviewed, suggests a gender bias involving the close scrutiny of female appearance. Possible evidence of an historically acknowledged racial bias against those of Irish descent is also suggested in our analysis.
{"title":"Poverty and Prejudice: Assembling a Picture of the Oral Health of Convicts Sent to Van Diemen’s Land","authors":"Kim Shaw, Silvana Bettiol, Leonard Crocombe","doi":"10.1163/26667711-20240002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26667711-20240002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The correlation between poor oral health and social and economic disadvantage is a global concern that continues to afflict vulnerable populations. Poverty and its related stresses were also significant factors in the poor oral health experienced by British convicts in the nineteenth century. This article presents an analysis of incidental descriptions of teeth, observed in physical accounts of convicts transported to the penal colonies of Van Diemen’s Land, now known as Tasmania, between the years 1803 and 1853. Coding of these descriptions found a significant disparity in the recorded tooth loss of female convicts when compared to their male counterparts. To interpret these findings and build a better understanding of the oral health status of this cohort, the current study draws on modern medical knowledge, relevant bioarchaeological studies and documented archaeological findings, as well as history of the time. Nutritional deficiencies, smoking, unsanitary living conditions and increased susceptibility to disease are common themes, which we know today, impact on oral disease and tooth loss. A less-expected narrative to emerge from the data reviewed, suggests a gender bias involving the close scrutiny of female appearance. Possible evidence of an historically acknowledged racial bias against those of Irish descent is also suggested in our analysis.","PeriodicalId":72967,"journal":{"name":"European journal for the history of medicine and health","volume":"68 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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