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Pericardial involvement in asymptomatic patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis: an echocardiographic study. 长期血液透析无症状患者心包受累:超声心动图研究。
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
U Elkayam, A Aviram, M Blum, S Laniado

M-mode echocardiography was performed in 20 asymptomatic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, in order to assess pericardial involvement. Six of the patients had small to moderate amounts of pericardial effusion. One of these patients and 5 others showed an echocardiographic pattern of pericardial thickening. No correlation was found between pericardial involvement and age, sex, secondary hyperthyroidism, serum levels of urea, creatinine or uric acid. The traditional diagnostic techniques commonly used for the detection of pericardial disease such as physical examination, chest X-ray and electrocardiography were not helpful in our patients. Our study demonstrates the high incidence of pericardial involvement in asymptomatic chronically dialyzed patients. Periodic echocardiographic evaluation is recommended for assessment of the presence and significance of these findings.

对20例无症状的慢性血液透析患者进行m型超声心动图检查,以评估心包受累情况。6例患者有少量至中度心包积液。其中一名患者和另外5名患者显示心包增厚的超声心动图。心包受累与年龄、性别、继发性甲状腺功能亢进、血清尿素、肌酐或尿酸水平无相关性。传统的心包疾病诊断方法如体格检查、胸片、心电图等对我们的病人没有帮助。我们的研究表明无症状慢性透析患者心包受累的发生率很高。建议定期超声心动图评估这些发现的存在和意义。
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引用次数: 0
Maximal 12-lead exercise testing for prediction of severity of coronary artery disease. 最大12导联运动试验预测冠状动脉疾病的严重程度。
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
D W Baron, P A Poole-Wilson, A F Rickards

Ninety-three patients with chest pain underwent both maximal 12-lead treadmill testing and coronary arteriography to ascertain whether exercise testing might predict multivessel coronary disease. Twenty-eight patients had normal coronary arteries, 20 single vessel disease (greater than 70% reduction in luminal diameter), 18 double and 22 triple vessel disease. Five patients had left main coronary disease. All 45 patients with double, triple or left main disease had positive 12-lead exercise tests whilst only 15/20 (75%) with single vessel disease had positive tests. Sensitivity of the 12-lead electrocardiogram during maximum stress testing was 92%, with 15% false negatives. The predictive value of a positive test was 100% (no false positives) and 85% for a negative test. Significant predictors of severe triple vessel and left main coronary disease were the sum of ST segment depression (xi ST), the number of ECG leads which developed ST segment depression, the stage at which ST depression developed and the ST segment recovery time. There was a significant correlation between the anatomical location of coronary artery stenoses and the area of ischaemia indicated by the exercise electrocardiogram.

93例胸痛患者接受了最大12导联跑步机试验和冠状动脉造影,以确定运动试验是否可以预测多支冠状动脉疾病。冠状动脉正常28例,单支病变20例(管径缩小70%以上),双支病变18例,三支病变22例。左主干冠心病5例。所有45例双、三、左主干病变患者12铅运动试验均呈阳性,而单血管病变患者只有15/20(75%)呈阳性。最大压力测试时12导联心电图灵敏度92%,假阴性15%。阳性检测的预测值为100%(无假阳性),阴性检测的预测值为85%。重度三支血管病变和左主干病变的显著预测因子为ST段降程累加、ST段降程导联次数、ST段降程发生时间和ST段恢复时间。冠状动脉狭窄的解剖位置与运动心电图显示的缺血面积有显著相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Noninvasive assessment of the cardiovascular effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) in man. 前列腺素(PGI2)对人类心血管影响的无创评估。
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
S J Warrington, P R Smith, J O'Grady

The cardiovascular actions of prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated in a double-blind, randomised, balanced study. Six healthy volunteers received intravenous infusions of PGI2 in a range of doses up to 4 ng/kg per min, which is the lowest dose which consistently inhibits platelet aggregation. Measurements of systolic time intervals, peak normalised first derivative of the apexcardiogram, high-speed surface electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure were made during each infusion. PGI2 caused dose-related decreases in diastolic blood pressure, preejection period and QS2 index, and an increase in heart rate. Systolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection time index, the peak normalised first derivative of the apexcardiogram, and PR interval, QRS duration, QT index and T-wave amplitude were unchanged. Facial flushing was seen in all subjects at PGI2 4 ng/kg per min. These results suggest that PGI2 has an important arteriolar vasodilator action, but do not exclude a minor direct effect on contractility.

在一项双盲、随机、平衡研究中,研究了前列环素(PGI2)的心血管作用。6名健康志愿者接受了PGI2静脉输注,剂量范围高达每分钟4 ng/kg,这是持续抑制血小板聚集的最低剂量。每次输注时测量收缩时间间隔、心尖图峰值一阶导数、高速体表心电图和动脉血压。PGI2引起舒张压、射血前期和QS2指数的剂量相关性降低,心率升高。收缩压、左室射血时间指数、心尖图一阶导数归一化峰值、PR间期、QRS持续时间、QT指数、t波振幅均无变化。当PGI2浓度为4 ng/kg / min时,所有受试者均出现面部潮红。这些结果表明,PGI2具有重要的动脉血管扩张作用,但不排除对收缩性有轻微的直接影响。
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引用次数: 0
Myocardial ischaemia: an isolated, globally perfused rat heart model for metabolic and pharmacological studies. 心肌缺血:用于代谢和药理学研究的孤立、全灌注大鼠心脏模型。
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
A S Manning, D J Hearse, S C Dennis, G R Bullock, D J Coltart

A model of myocardial ischaemia is described and has been characterized in terms of functional, ultrastructural, electrophysiological and metabolic changes. The model fulfills a number of criteria considered to be of importance in any model of myocardial ischaemia namely (1) the myocardium is ischaemic as opposed to hypoxic, (2) the coronary flow is reduced but not totally abolished, (3) that flow reaching the ischaemic myocardium is fully oxygenated and contains a mixture of substrates. It is proposed that this model is of value for the investigation and assessment of pharmacological interventions during myocardial infarction.

描述了一种心肌缺血模型,并在功能、超微结构、电生理和代谢变化方面进行了表征。该模型满足了许多被认为在任何心肌缺血模型中都很重要的标准,即(1)心肌是缺血的,而不是缺氧的,(2)冠状动脉血流减少但不是完全消除,(3)到达缺血心肌的血流是完全含氧的,并且含有底物的混合物。该模型对心肌梗死期间药物干预的研究和评估具有一定的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Postexercise changes in ejection fraction associated with coronary artery disease. 运动后射血分数变化与冠状动脉疾病相关
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
U M Lütolf, D C van Dyke, J D Bristow, C S Weaver

Radionuclide measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) response to exercise has been proposed as a way to help identify patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies were done using an exercise bicycle or a treadmill and showed that patients with CAD do not increase ejection fraction (EF) to the same extent as normal (control) subjects. The present studies were done using a coaxial Gamma Cor cardiac probe. Because radiocardiograms (RCG) obtained with the cardiac probe require 1/10 the dose required for a scintillation camera, serial measurements could be made before, during and following exercise. Although 3 of our 9 patients showed an unchanged and 3 showed a decreased EF at the time of maximal exercise, 3 others were able to increase their EF, and in 2 this increase occurred concomitantly with angina. Thus, not all the CAD patients could be identified by failure to increase EF in response to exercise. However, looking at the period just following exercise, one can see that most of our patients with CAD maintain or increase LVEF during the first 6 to 9 min after stopping exercise; normal (control) subjects rapidly return to the preexercise value. The normal pattern is an increase in EF during exercise followed by a prompt return toward normal after cessation of exercise. Changes of this normal pattern of EF increase and decrease occurred in all except 1 patient with CAD, and consequently provided a better indication of the presence of significant disease than the response during exercise alone.

放射性核素测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)对运动的反应已被提出作为一种帮助识别冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者的方法。先前的研究是使用运动自行车或跑步机完成的,结果表明冠心病患者的射血分数(EF)的增加程度与正常(对照组)受试者不同。目前的研究是使用同轴伽玛Cor心脏探头完成的。由于使用心脏探头获得的心电图(RCG)所需的剂量是闪烁相机所需剂量的1/10,因此可以在运动前、运动中和运动后进行连续测量。虽然我们的9名患者中有3名在最大运动时EF保持不变,3名EF下降,但其他3名患者的EF增加,其中2名患者的EF增加伴随着心绞痛。因此,并不是所有的CAD患者都可以通过运动后没有增加EF来识别。然而,观察运动后的一段时间,我们可以看到大多数冠心病患者在停止运动后的前6到9分钟内维持或增加LVEF;正常(对照)受试者迅速恢复到运动前的值。正常的模式是运动期间EF增加,然后在运动停止后迅速恢复正常。除了1例CAD患者外,所有患者都出现了正常的EF升高和降低模式的变化,因此比单独运动时的反应更好地指示了重大疾病的存在。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of topical and oral slow-release nitroglycerin on anterior myocardial infarction size assessed by precordial ST segment mapping. 外用和口服缓释硝酸甘油对心前ST段测图评估心肌梗死大小的影响。
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
J H Horgan, K K Teo, J W Moody

The effect of slow-release nitroglycerin and nitroglycerin ointment in reducing anterior myocardial infarction size was assessed in 18 patients by means of epicardial mapping. The sum of all ST elevations (sigma ST), the number of leads with ST elevations greater than 1 mm (NST), the sum of the ST segment elevations of those leads with ST elevations greater than 1 mm (sigma STmm) and the average ST segment elevations (ST) were evaluated. No statistically significant difference between the two forms of nitroglycerin and placebo was found over a 72-h period. These data suggest that no benefit in terms of reduction in myocardial infarction size, assessed by epicardial mapping, is obtained from therapy with oral slow release nitroglycerin and nitroglycerin ointment.

通过心外膜标测,观察缓释硝酸甘油及硝酸甘油软膏对18例心肌梗死前壁缩小的影响。评估所有ST段高程之和(sigma ST)、ST段高程大于1mm的导联数量(NST)、ST段高程大于1mm的导联ST段高程之和(sigma STmm)和ST段平均高程之和(ST)。在72小时内,两种形式的硝酸甘油和安慰剂之间没有统计学上的显著差异。这些数据表明,通过心外膜测绘评估,口服缓释硝酸甘油和硝酸甘油软膏治疗在减少心肌梗死面积方面没有任何益处。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitation of ventricular arrhythmias. 室性心律失常的定量。
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
S C Dennis, D J Hearse, D J Coltart

Development of a computer-aided system for routine quantitation of spontaneously occurring ventricular arrhythmias in isolated perfused hearts is described. The technique essentially involves statistical treatment of electrocardiographic data to determine beat interval standard deviations. To minimize standard deviations arising from changes in heart rate, mean R-R intervals and standard deviations of 1-min sets of data are grouped and subjected to one-tailed analysis of variance. Residual standard deviation (derived from the difference between total variation and between set variation) expressed as a percentage of group mean is utilized as the Rhythm Disturbance Unit. It is proposed that this system can be used to facilitate investigations into mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenesis and in addition may have potential application in the screening of anti-arrhythmic interventions.

一个计算机辅助系统的发展,用于常规定量自发发生室性心律失常在离体灌注心脏描述。该技术主要涉及对心电图数据的统计处理,以确定心跳间隔标准偏差。为了尽量减少心率变化引起的标准差,对1分钟数据集的平均R-R区间和标准差进行分组,并进行单侧方差分析。残差标准差(来自总变异和集合变异之间的差异)表示为组均值的百分比,作为节奏干扰单位。该系统可用于促进心律失常发生机制的研究,此外还可能在筛选抗心律失常干预措施方面具有潜在的应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Red blood cell aggregation in men with coronary artery disease. 冠状动脉疾病患者的红细胞聚集
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
N Boss, H Wietelmann, M Bierner, W Rudolph, M Schlepper, S Koenig-Erich, G Ruhenstroth-Bauer

The red blood cell aggregation value (AW) in a group of 39 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) was measured and compared with that of an age- and sex-equivalent group of normals and a group of 12 patients with suspected CAD, whose coronary arteries were found to be normal by coronary arteriography. The AW was significantly higher in CAD patients than in both normal groups (2P < 0.01 and 2P < 0.02 respectively). The AW in a group of 12 CAD-patients treated with the aggregation lowering drug clofibrate was significantly lower than in the untreated CAD-group. The predictive value of AW was calculated by means of mathematical methods. Measurement of AW could be a useful aid in the study of detection of CAD.

测量了39例冠心病(CAD)患者的红细胞聚集值(AW),并与年龄和性别相等的正常组和12例冠状动脉造影发现冠状动脉正常的疑似冠心病患者的红细胞聚集值(AW)进行比较。冠心病患者AW明显高于正常组(2P < 0.01, 2P < 0.02)。使用降聚集药物氯贝特治疗的12例cad患者的AW明显低于未治疗的cad组。用数学方法计算了AW的预测值。在CAD检测的研究中,测量AW是一个有用的辅助工具。
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引用次数: 0
Cardiovascular responses in hypertensive outpatients starting oral propranolol, determined from the brachial pulse upstroke. 高血压门诊患者口服心得安的心血管反应,由臂脉上冲程测定。
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
R Carlisle, A Porter, E B Raftery, I D Hill

Simultaneous measurement of brachial artery pressures, systolic time intervals, initial pulse upstroke gradient and pulse rate was made in 7 adult hypertensive outpatients during rest supine and during bicycle ergometry at 2 different work rates. Measurements were repeated after 1, 6 and 13 wk on oral propranolol 80 mg thrice daily. Rise of pulse upstroke period (reversed after 1 wk) and of inflection time--analogous with preejection period--and fall of inflection, or diastolic, pressure (most marked at 1 wk) can be explained by early reduction of myocardial contractility and pulse rate. The fall of upstroke period, of peak, or systolic, pressure and of pulse rate (more marked after 1 wk) is related to a later 'adaptive' decrease in peripheral resistance. Much useful information can be obtained by such simple examination of the characteristics of the pulse wave in the brachial artery without complex, albeit noninvasive, cardiac investigations.

同时测量7例成人高血压门诊患者在仰卧休息和骑行时两种不同工作速率下的肱动脉压、收缩时间间隔、初始脉冲上冲程梯度和脉搏率。分别在口服心得安80 mg,每日3次后1、6和13周重复测量。脉搏上升周期(1周后逆转)和弯曲时间(与射血前期相似)的增加,以及弯曲或舒张压的下降(在1周时最明显)可以通过心肌收缩力和脉搏率的早期降低来解释。上冲程、峰值或收缩压和脉搏率的下降(1周后更为明显)与后期外周阻力的“适应性”下降有关。通过对肱动脉脉搏波特征的简单检查,可以获得许多有用的信息,而无需复杂的无创心脏检查。
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引用次数: 0
Echocardiographic estimation of pulmonary artery pressure in infants and children with congenital heart disease. 先天性心脏病婴儿和儿童肺动脉压的超声心动图评估。
Pub Date : 1980-01-01
R Fernandes, G Björkhem, N R Lundström

Echocardiography was used to study the quantitative and qualitative alterations of pulmonary valve echograms. 228 infants and children with congenital heart disease and with known pulmonary artery pressure were studied to evaluate which echocardiographic parameters would be most useful in predicting pulmonary artery hypertension. Right ventricular systolic time intervals (RVSTI) were studied and when patients with complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) or transposition of the great arteries (TGA) had been excluded the strongest correlation was found between right ventricular preejection period/right ventricular ejection time (RPEP/RVET) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) (r = 0.73). In patients with TGA the correlation coefficient for LPEP/LVET and PADP was r = 0.88. We did not find a significant correlation between right ventricular isovolumetric contraction time (RICT) or RICT/RVET and PADP in patients with CRBBB. The correlation between the amplitude of the a-wave and PADP was fair (r = 0.48). BC slope, EF slope and the maximum amplitude of opening of the pulmonary valve were all related to PADP but the correlation coefficients were low. A-wave of 2 mm or less, systolic fluttering or systolic notching of the pulmonary valve echo were seen significantly more often in patients with PADP above 20 mm Hg but were less valuable in predicting pulmonary artery hypertension. RVSTI seem to be more useful than the other echocardiographic parameters for evaluation of pulmonary artery hypertension and RPEP/RVET appears to be the most reliable of them.

采用超声心动图研究肺动脉瓣超声图的定量和定性变化。对228例患有先天性心脏病并已知肺动脉压的婴儿和儿童进行了研究,以评估超声心动图参数在预测肺动脉高压方面最有用。研究右心室收缩时间间隔(RVSTI),当排除完全性右束支阻滞(CRBBB)或大动脉转位(TGA)患者时,发现右心室射血预期/右心室射血时间(RPEP/RVET)与肺动脉舒张压(PADP)之间的相关性最强(r = 0.73)。TGA患者LPEP/LVET与PADP的相关系数r = 0.88。我们未发现CRBBB患者右心室等容积收缩时间(RICT)或RICT/RVET与PADP之间存在显著相关性。a波振幅与PADP的相关性尚可(r = 0.48)。BC斜率、EF斜率及肺动脉瓣最大开度均与PADP相关,但相关系数较低。2 mm以下的a波、收缩期颤动或肺动脉瓣回声的收缩切迹在PADP高于20 mm Hg的患者中更为常见,但在预测肺动脉高压方面的价值较低。RVSTI似乎比其他超声心动图参数评估肺动脉高压更有用,而RPEP/RVET似乎是其中最可靠的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European journal of cardiology
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