Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Examining the evolution and impact of OTC vending machines in Global Healthcare Systems","authors":"Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ,&nbsp;Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ,&nbsp;Moyad Shahwan ,&nbsp;Sahab Alkhoujah ,&nbsp;Faris El-Dahiyat ,&nbsp;Ammar Ali Saleh Jaber ,&nbsp;Sa'ed H. Zyoud","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The study of over the counter (OTC) vending machines is crucial given their growing popularity and potential impact on the pharmaceutical industry and consumer behaviour.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study involves a bibliometric quantitative analysis of academic literature to evaluate OTC vending machines in terms of their evolution, current trends, and potential areas for future research<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>The Scopus database was searched using its advanced search tool, focusing on papers that included the search query in their titles, abstracts, and keywords. Data analysis included bibliometric indicators such as publication counts, citation trends, and co-authorship networks, which were visualized using VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20) to highlight key research themes and collaboration patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 399 publications on OTC vending machines were found between 1833 and 2024. Over the last 20 years, there has been an annual increase in the number of publications related to OTC vending machines, rising from 1 in 2001 to 31 in 2023. The United States (<em>n</em> = 118; 29.57 %) led in productivity, followed by the United Kingdom (45; 11.27 %), India (30; 7.51 %), Australia (27; 6.76 %), Canada (16; 4 %), Italy (15; 3.75 %), and China (15; 3.75 %). A total of 35 institutions have been involved in research on OTC vending machines. The Dubai Municipality contributed the highest percentage of articles (<em>n</em> = 3, 0.75 %), followed by the Emirates Health Services (n = 3, 0.75 %), Al Ain University (<em>n</em> = 2, 0.5 %), and Baystate Medical Center (n = 2, 0.5 %). Before 2016, much of the research on OTC vending machines focused on terms related to healthcare policy and health promotion, indicating the early exploration of this field. Present trends highlight terms associated with pharmacy practice, such as pharmacists, pharmacy, and prescription-related subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study emphasises the practical necessity for enhanced regulatory structures to mitigate risks such as medication abuse, unfavourable drug interactions, and incorrect dispensing practices. Additionally, the study highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among technologists, policymakers, and healthcare professionals to maximize the benefits of OTC vending machines while addressing consumer behaviour and safety issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and referral programs for diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Can community pharmacists bridge the care gap?","authors":"Melanie Livet ,&nbsp;Amber Watson ,&nbsp;Shweta Pathak ,&nbsp;Courtney Humphries ,&nbsp;Jessica Roller ,&nbsp;Jon Easter","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>Heart disease and diabetes are leading causes of death in the U.S., with timely screening, referrals, and education being critical for effective treatment. The Community-based Valued-driven Care Initiative (CVCI) aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate the feasibility of delivering patient-centered care interventions for high priority disease states in community pharmacies. This article focuses specifically on two of the selected interventions, both of which were screening and referral (S&amp;R) programs for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes (DM) respectively. This exploratory evaluation was designed as an effectiveness-implementation hybrid Type II study. Its objectives were to assess both implementation and preliminary program effectiveness using mixed data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifteen community pharmacies opted to implement one of the two programs over a 12-month period. Implementation feasibility involved examining program adoption rates by sites and patients; acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and intent to sustain use survey scores; and pharmacists' interviews. Program effectiveness was based on patient referral rates, physician follow-up communication rates, and perceived outcomes, collected via patient logs, surveys, and interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two of the 15 sites discontinued participation, yielding an 87 % adoption rate. Patient adoption varied based on contact and screening rates, due to differences in patient recruitment, staffing, and workflow. Pharmacist acceptability, compatibility, and feasibility remained high throughout implementation; however, only three pharmacy sites planned on continuing offering the programs. All at-risk patients were appropriately referred based on screening results, with 65 % having their screening results communicated to their primary healthcare providers. The programs were perceived as beneficial, increasing pharmacists' knowledge and motivation, enhancing relationships with patients, and producing an impact on patients'' health.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Results highlight the implementation feasibility and preliminary outcomes of delivering DM and CVD S&amp;R programs in community pharmacies. However, despite these positive results, most pharmacies did not intend to continue the programs, underscoring the continued need for sustainable clinical services models in non-traditional settings. Success with broader implementation will require a paradigm shift in support of community pharmacists as clinical care extenders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of motor vehicle operator performance assessments for benzodiazepine receptor agonists","authors":"Andrea L. Murphy ,&nbsp;Korolos Sawires ,&nbsp;Sophie M. Peltekian ,&nbsp;Melissa Helwig ,&nbsp;Marilyn Macdonald ,&nbsp;Ruth Martin-Misener ,&nbsp;Bandana Saini ,&nbsp;Heather Neyedli ,&nbsp;Chris Giacomantonio ,&nbsp;David M. Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Benzodiazepines and <em>Z</em>-drugs (e.g., zopiclone, zolpidem) (benzodiazepine receptor agonists or BZRAs), are prescribed for anxiety and insomnia disorders. However, they are not indicated as first line therapies for long-term management due to harms and efficacy limitations. BZRAs have also been associated with traffic accident risks. Patients taking BZRAs are told to consult with health care providers regarding motor vehicle operation safety. However, advice on driving is variable. The objective of this scoping review is to identify, map, and characterize the evidence for assessments that measure driving performance in people taking BZRAs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Embase (Elsevier), MEDLINE (Ovid), and PsycINFO (EBSCO) were searched. Covidence was used for screening. Each stage of screening included two independent reviewers. A REDCap database was used for data extraction by two independent reviewers. Results were tabulated and summarised as a narrative.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Driving performance was assessed with 20 unique BZRAs across 183 studies (<em>n</em> = 92 experimental; <em>n</em> = 91 observational) in 178 publications. Zopiclone was the most studied. In experimental studies, the Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) was used most often (<em>n</em> = 54, 62 %) and many studies (<em>n</em> = 35, 38 %) were conducted in the Netherlands. For observational studies, biological detection (e.g., urine, blood) (<em>n</em> = 73, 80 %) followed by prescription drug/dispensing records (<em>n</em> = 17, 19 %) were the most common impairment measures and Norway (<em>n</em> = 20) is where most studies took place. In experimental studies, most (<em>n</em> = 89, 97 %) were conducted using only one driving setting. Simulated driving in a car (<em>n</em> = 36) and road driving in traffic (n = 36) were common as compared to nontraffic driving course (n = 8) and simulated driving (<em>n</em> = 9). In experimental studies, seventy-eight of the 92 studies (85 %) had at least one measure that identified impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BZRA effects on motor vehicle driving performance have been studied using heterogenous protocols with multiple measures and settings, ranging from simulation to authentic traffic situations in experimental studies to biological detection and dispensing records in observational studies. Many BZRAs have been studied but study representation does not match prescribing pattern prevalence. The interpretation and contextualization of results for clinical practice is challenging due to the complexity (i.e., protocols, measures, settings). Future work in this area should work to improve knowledge translation of results so information is more readily accessible and applicable to health care providers and patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk medication errors: Insight from the UK National Reporting and learning system","authors":"Abdulrhman Alrowily ,&nbsp;Khalid Alfaraidy ,&nbsp;Saleh Almutairi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alamri ,&nbsp;Wejdan Alrowily ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abutaleb ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zaitoun ,&nbsp;Waddad Sarawi ,&nbsp;Mashael Aljead","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ensuring patient safety is of paramount importance in healthcare systems. Rising concerns about medical errors in the UK have necessitated a greater focus on studying the nature of such errors, particularly those involving high-risk medications.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To conduct a retrospective analysis of incidents related to patient safety in the UK based on data from the National Rporting and Learning System (NRLS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was conducted based on a review of the National Reporting and Learning System <strong>(</strong>NRLS) patient safety reports published between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015. NHS Improvement provides details regarding incidents following approval using a data-sharing agreement. In total, 1500 incidents were analszed and equally divided among the three categories of high-risk drugs: opioids, insulin, and anticoagulants. Excel® features and deductive reasoning (thematic analysis) were used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the insulin category had both the highest risk and most errors compared with anticoagulants and opioids. These errors primarily result from issues related to administering, prescribing, and dispensing the drugs. Inadequate drug checks, communication difficulties among staff and patients, and high staff workloads are often linked to these errors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study confirms that the NRLS database is a valuable source of data, and the suggestions put forth, based on these results, could contribute to the formulation of measures that diminish the occurrence of errors related to high-risk drugs in healthcare settings. Information technology should enhance medication safety by tracking the process of medication use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Thai community pharmacists in combating antimicrobial resistance: Qualitative insight and sentiment analysis","authors":"Rojjares Netthong ,&nbsp;Sisira Donsamak ,&nbsp;Dai N. John ,&nbsp;Ros Kane ,&nbsp;Keivan Armani","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing globally and poses a significant public health challenge. Community pharmacists, especially in primary care settings, play a pivotal role in mitigating the irrational use of antibiotics, a key driver of AMR.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to explore qualitative insights from community pharmacists regarding antibiotic supply and usage, analyze sentiments related to AMR, and highlight the crucial role of community pharmacists in AMR stewardship at the primary care/community level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study engaged community pharmacists in Thailand through semi-structured interviews to obtain in-depth insights into the antibiotic supply and perceptions of AMR. Additionally, sentiment analysis, which evaluates the emotional tone of the pharmacists' responses, was conducted to enrich the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Interviews with 23 community pharmacists highlighted the practices, challenges, and strategies related to antibiotic supply and use. Key findings include the identification of barriers such as patient demand and lack of awareness about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), alongside strategies for improvement such as public education and professional development. Sentiment analysis reveals a cautiously optimistic perspective toward enhancing rational antibiotic use, underscoring the importance of comprehensive approaches that combine education, ethics, and regulatory measures to address the complexities of antibiotic management at community pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the necessity of public awareness, pharmacist–patient relationships, and regulatory reforms for the rational use of antibiotics in community pharmacies. These findings emphasize that pharmacist education and adherence to professional ethics are essential for mitigating antimicrobial resistance and promoting rational antibiotic use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deprescribing oral antidiabetics in elderly patients: Do electronic leaflets across the world address it?","authors":"Kitete Tunda Bunnel,&nbsp;Silvio José Elisei Carvalho Jr,&nbsp;Mariana Linhares Pereira,&nbsp;Renê Oliveira Couto,&nbsp;André Oliveira Baldoni","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes caused 6.7 million deaths in 2021, equating to one death every five seconds, with its global financial burden projected to rise from $1.32 trillion in 2015 to $2.12 trillion by 2030. Severe hypoglycemia necessitates interventions like deprescribing, behavioral strategies, and technology for prevention. Deprescribing aims to reduce unnecessary medication use, enhance rational prescribing, prevent prescribing cascades, and improve health outcomes in elderly patients. Evaluating electronic leaflets can support deprescribing based on patient-centered care and shared decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze information on deprescribing in oral antidiabetic leaflets from national medicines regulatory authorities, focusing on elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This documental study analyzed electronic leaflets of oral antidiabetics from the official websites of nine Medicines Regulatory Authorities: Australia, Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, USA, and EU, covering drugs listed in the WHO's Essential Medicines List 2023. The analysis focused on the alignment of deprescribing information with the Ontario deprescribing algorithm for oral antidiabetics developed by the Bruyère Institute in Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 72 expected leaflets, 64 (88.9 %) were retrieved. Only 18 leaflets (28.1 %) explicitly discussed deprescribing oral antihyperglycemics. Hypoglycemia and drug interaction risks were addressed in 55 leaflets (85.9 %). Caution for use in patients over 65 was mentioned in 32 leaflets (50 %), and 23 leaflets (35.9 %) addressed the risks of tight glucose and HbA1c targets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite a high retrieval rate, 11.1 % of leaflets were missing, and those available contained inconsistent deprescribing information. There are significant disparities in guidance across regulatory authorities. Standardized, updated leaflets that address deprescribing in frail older patients could enhance prescribers' confidence and support shared decision-making</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pharmacist-led interventions in identifying and resolving drug related problems and potentially inappropriate prescriptions among rural patients: A pilot study","authors":"Salvador Gutiérrez-Igual ,&nbsp;Rut Lucas-Domínguez ,&nbsp;José Sendra-Lillo ,&nbsp;Alberto Martí-Rodrigo ,&nbsp;Isabel Romero Crespo ,&nbsp;M. Carmen Montesinos","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Drug-related problems are a major problem that can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs due to heightened medical visits, hospital readmissions, or emergency room visits. In rural areas, new tools for clinical pharmacy services, such as medication review, could decrease this problem.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze the prevalence of clinically relevant drug-related problems (DRPs) and potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) identified by new medication review software (Revisem®) in rural pharmacies. The effectiveness of resolving DRPs and PIPs in patients who received pharmacist-led intervention (PLI) was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective, multicenter, observational pilot study in 17 rural pharmacies from the Valencian region (Spain) was conducted over a period of 6 months. Revisem®, a type 1 medication review software, was developed and implemented to detect and resolve drug-related issues (DRPs and PIPs). The clinical history of 135 polymedicated patients was recorded, as well as the PLI conducted after the identification of incidences. The mean number of DRPs and PIPs before and after PLI were analyzed and compared.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A total of 1545 drug-related issues were detected in 135 patients (86 women). 1166 were DRPs and 379 were PIPs. Interactions were the most common incidence (43.7 %), with furosemide and omeprazole being the drugs with the highest number of significant interactions. In the before-after intervention study, the mean number of incidents detected per patient by Revisem® decreased from 9.7 ± 6.9 to 8.8 ± 6.9 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) after PLI. Written reports were the most frequent means of communication between pharmacists and physicians (45.0 %). The acceptance rate of pharmacists' suggestions was 45.2 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The impact of pharmacist-led interventions in rural pharmacies allowed the detection of a high number of drug-related issues and significantly reduced the number of DRPs and PIPs, preventing negative health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional pharmacy Services' outcomes performance measurement: A narrative review","authors":"Lígia Reis ,&nbsp;João Gregório","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Professional pharmacy services are widely recognized for their role in promoting patient health and ensuring optimal medication therapy outcomes. Community pharmacies and pharmacists need to assess professional services' performance at patient level and demonstrate their value to stakeholders. To do so is important to understand which outcome performance indicators are currently being used and how added value is proven.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify performance indicators that measure patients' outcomes and demonstrate value of professional pharmacy services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A narrative review was performed based on a systematic search in Pubmed and Scopus databases since year 2000. Manually search was also conducted in Google Scholar and <span><span>Google.com</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. Inclusion criteria followed the PCC mnemonic in which Population is “community pharmacies”, Context is “pharmaceutical care, professional pharmaceutical services or pharmaceutical interventions” and Concept is “key performance indicators, or performance measures or clinical indicators”. English, Spanish or Portuguese language were accepted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All types of papers were included, adding up to a total of 12 papers. The publication of papers on this subject has increased in the last decade. Outcomes indicators identified were based in different frameworks, mainly linked to quality, and were clearly outlined. Disease and therapy management were the most evaluated services. Indicators were identified across 8 different domains corresponding, predominantly, to outputs rather than outcomes. Measurement is mainly conducted under the auspices of coalitions, alliances, government and payers reflecting their perspectives and based on easy-to-retrieve pharmacy data and information.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A paradigm shift is needed, so that performance indicators are based on more appropriate frameworks to measure patient level outcomes and value assignment of professional pharmacy services. By providing robust evidence of the impact of pharmacist interventions on patient outcomes, community pharmacists can advocate for the integration, expansion, and recognition of pharmacist-led services within the broader healthcare system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ReflACTION framework: A proposed model for implementation of clinical pharmacy services","authors":"Kérilin Stancine Santos Rocha ,&nbsp;Sabrina Cerqueira-Santos ,&nbsp;Genival Araújo dos Santos-Júnior ,&nbsp;Lincoln Marques Cavalcante-Santos ,&nbsp;Fernando de Castro Araújo-Neto ,&nbsp;Fernanda Oliveira Prado ,&nbsp;Giselle de Carvalho Brito ,&nbsp;Divaldo Pereira de Lyra-Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) has grown worldwide. However, few studies have used models and/or frameworks to facilitate the implementation process, especially in a low and middle-income countries. In addition, there are limitations in the ways that implementation frameworks are used. Therefore, this discussion aimed to propose and describe an approach using the ReflACTION framework. ReflACTION emerged from several years of systematic observation and experience of the Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS) in implementing CPS in different settings of Brazilian health system. These experiences led the research group to systematize the implementation of CPS based on three theorical references: Paulo Freire's theoretical references, the Maguerez Arc and the Apoteca framework. The ReflACTION framework proposes five steps that starts and ends in the setting, which are: observation of reality; gathering key-points; theorization; solution hypothesis; and application to reality. All steps were carried out considering the determinants of the implementation process. For the present study, we highlight the importance of the implementation team, the involvement of stakeholders as well as their dialogue and awareness. Thus, we describe the operationalization process for each step. The ReflACTION framework can be used to describe and guide the implementation process of CPS. We expect the proposed framework may add knowledge to implementation science and, ultimately, achieve desired patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent perspectives on the design, implementation, and use of the parent E-cigarette and vaping educational resource (P-EVER)","authors":"Olufunmilola Abraham ,&nbsp;Zachary Paulsen ,&nbsp;Evan Slonac ,&nbsp;Jenny Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescent use of e-cigarettes has been recognized as a significant public health concern as rates of adolescent vaping increase. As evidence of respiratory damage and other health concerns continue to emerge, educational resources for parents are critical in combating the vaping epidemic. A vaping educational tool can serve as a resource that parents of adolescents can reference to learn about e-cigarette use and how to address this topic with their families.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to examine parents' perspectives on the design and use of an educational infographic (Parent <em>E</em>-Cigarette and Vaping Educational Resource; P-EVER) to inform parents of adolescents and their families about e-cigarette use, risks, and quitting resources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Parents who had an adolescent aged 12 to 18 years were recruited through community pharmacies in Wisconsin through recruitment fliers, emails, and word of mouth between February and June 2023. Participants reviewed the vaping educational handout in a semi-structured interview that was recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two members of the research team independently coded each transcript using NVivo software to conduct inductive thematic analysis. Bi-weekly meetings were held to refine codes, develop the master codebook, and identify prevalent themes (intercoder reliability - 0.83).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-five parents were interviewed between February and June 2023. Four themes were identified: vaping awareness, P-EVER content and implementation, pharmacist's role, and barriers to pharmacist intervention on vaping. Participants believed the vaping educational handout was an effective resource for disseminating information to parents of adolescents. Responses highlighted the importance of providing educational resources to initiate conversations surrounding health risks to adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pharmacists played a crucial role in successfully disseminating the P-EVER education tool to parents of adolescents. Future work is required to determine effective interventions for pharmacists and adolescents to discuss the topic of vaping awareness and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}