Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Behind the counter, behind the discourse: The paradox of pharmacist influence in Arabic women's health online","authors":"Samar J. Melhem ,&nbsp;Hamzeh Almomani ,&nbsp;Rimal Mousa ,&nbsp;Qais Alefan ,&nbsp;Nadia Al Mazrouei ,&nbsp;Beisan A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Iman Amrani ,&nbsp;Rula M. Darwish ,&nbsp;Razan Tubeileh ,&nbsp;Yazan AlRashadan ,&nbsp;Nailya Bulatova ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Alabbadi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Social media is now a major arena for Arabic women's health discourse in the MENA region, yet it is unclear how pharmacists' expertise influences both the accuracy and visibility of information across platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare pharmacists' visibility and accuracy with other author groups and to assess how platform, sentiment, and follower dynamics shape the gap between information quality and reach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional content analysis of 682 public Arabic-language posts on women's self-medication and over-the-counter care from Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Threads, Facebook, and X (January 2024–March 2025). Two independent coders rated accuracy on a four-point scale and classified sentiment (κ &gt; 0.80). Engagement was summarized using the Virtual Presence Index (VPI), an equally weighted composite of standardized likes, comments, and shares/reposts. Proportional-odds ordinal logistic regression modeled predictors of higher accuracy; a non-circular binary logistic model examined determinants of high engagement (above-median VPI) with platform, author type, sentiment, topic, and linear plus quadratic log₁₀(follower count) as covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pharmacists authored 49.6 % of posts; physicians and other health professionals contributed 37.1 %. Overall, 71.8 % of posts were rated accurate, rising to 94.1 % for pharmacist-authored content. Platform was the strongest predictor of accuracy: compared with Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Threads, and X had higher odds of higher accuracy, with TikTok showing a smaller but significant advantage. Pharmacist authorship independently predicted higher accuracy, whereas follower count did not. For engagement, platform dominated. With X as the reference, all other platforms had lower adjusted odds of high VPI. Positive sentiment increased the likelihood of high VPI, and follower count showed a U-shaped association, with mid-sized accounts disadvantaged. After adjustment, author-type differences in visibility were modest: pharmacists' posts were more accurate but did not enjoy consistent visibility advantages, especially on highly visual, fast-scroll platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In Arabic women's health discourse online, who speaks matters less for reach than where and how they speak. Pharmacists deliver the most accurate content but often remain “invisible experts” in environments that reward aesthetics and emotion over credentials. The VPI helps quantify this quality–reach gap and can guide platform-specific, culturally attuned strategies to make evidence-based voices more discoverable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field survey on warnings to prevent drug abuse when selling over-the-counter drugs at drugstores","authors":"Kazuki Nagashima,&nbsp;Hinata Nasu,&nbsp;Yuko Sekine","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The abuse of over-the-counter (OTC) medications is increasing and has led to a rise in overdose cases. This study examined commonly misused OTC drugs, developed checklist items related to warnings provided during their sale, and conducted field surveys to compare practices based on whether products contained ingredients designated by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An eight items checklist was developed using MHLW-specified survey items, with additional items added by the researchers. Using this checklist, a researcher evaluated OTC purchases for 25 different drugs by marking each item as positive (〇) or negative (×) from 17 drugstores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across 25 products surveyed, the most common positive item was “explanation by a qualified person” (11 positives, 44 %), followed by “point-of-purchase (POP) warning displays” (9 positives, 36 %) and “display near the cash register” (8 positives, 32 %). For OTC drugs containing designated ingredients (<em>n</em> = 13), the item achievement rates were as follows: “explanation by a qualified person,” 10 positives, 77 %; “POP warning displays,” 9 positives, 69 %; “display of empty boxes,” 2 positives, 15 %; and “verbal verification of age,” 1 positive, 8 %. The aforementioned items were less likely in the case of OTC drugs without designated ingredients with potential for abuse, with the number of instances of “explanation by a qualified person” and “POP warning displays” being significantly lower (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To intervene with targets to prevent abuse and issue warnings about OTC drugs during a sale, proactive warnings about misused OTC drugs that do not contain designated ingredients are necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' perspectives and experiences regarding medication reviews: A cross-sectional survey study","authors":"Charlotte Falke ,&nbsp;Fatma Karapinar-Çarkit ,&nbsp;Wilma Knol ,&nbsp;Marcel Bouvy ,&nbsp;Toine Egberts ,&nbsp;Thomas Kempen ,&nbsp;Marcia Vervloet ,&nbsp;Mette Heringa","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication reviews are conducted worldwide to reduce medication-related problems. However, real-world patient perspectives and experiences remain underexplored. This study aimed to explore patients' perspectives and experiences regarding medication reviews and to assess differences across levels of polypharmacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among a panel of Dutch pharmacy visitors. Topics included perspectives and experiences regarding medication reviews. Descriptive statistics were used, and Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between levels of polypharmacy (non-polypharmacy: 1–4 medications; polypharmacy: 5–9 medications; hyperpolypharmacy: ≥10 medications).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 4395 respondents (median age: 71; 43 % female), 48 % were aware of the existence of medication reviews, and 85 % deemed these important. Patients valued discussing the appropriateness, efficacy, side-effects, and risks of medication more than practical medication-related issues. These perspectives were consistent across polypharmacy levels. Overall, 1176 patients (27 %) had experienced a review (non-polypharmacy: 22 %; polypharmacy: 29 %; hyperpolypharmacy: 39 %). Of these, 92 % felt able to ask questions, and 62 % felt treatment options were sufficiently discussed. Patients reported that their review resulted in better medication understanding (68 %), increased confidence in medication usage (65 %), and fewer health issues (40 %). Patients with non-polypharmacy reported improvements in follow-up agreements (9 %) and involvement of secondary healthcare providers (11 %) less frequently than those with polypharmacy (14 %/15 %) and hyperpolypharmacy (19 %/26 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Most patients valued medication reviews, yet only half were aware of their existence. Generally, levels of polypharmacy hardly impacted patient perspectives. Based on patients' experiences, shared decision-making, follow-ups, and multidisciplinary approaches could be better implemented in medication reviews.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire in Japanese","authors":"Mitsuaki Ishii ,&nbsp;Shoichi Masumoto ,&nbsp;Kureha Ara ,&nbsp;Keisuke Kiyomiya ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Kawazoe ,&nbsp;Sachiko Ozone ,&nbsp;Hisakazu Ohtani","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deprescribing, a structured process aimed at improving medication safety, requires an approach that aligns with the beliefs and attitudes of patients and caregivers. The revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD), widely used across countries and disease contexts, may be able to capture the attitudes of older adults and caregivers toward deprescribing in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To translate rPATD into Japanese and assess its cultural adaptability, and to examine its applicability to older adults and caregivers in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>rPATD was translated into Japanese using a forward-back translation process. Psychometric properties were evaluated among older adults aged 65 years or older who used community pharmacies and caregivers recruited from a web panel. Face and content validity were assessed during the translation process, construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest analysis with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>384 older adults and 219 caregivers were included in the analysis. EFA results showed that, the same as the original version, the four factors (burden, belief in appropriateness, concern about stopping, and involvement) were identified for both the older adults and caregivers. Internal consistency was confirmed for all factors related to older adults and caregivers (Cronbach's alpha &gt;0.70). Test-retest reliability was good for all factors (ICC &gt;0.75).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Japanese version of the rPATD demonstrated good psychometric properties and might be used to assess attitudes towards deprescribing among older adults and caregivers living in Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and antibiotic problems in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients","authors":"Yulistiani Yulistiani ,&nbsp;Hargus Haraudi Barkah ,&nbsp;Febriansyah Nur Utomo ,&nbsp;Lucky Andrianto ,&nbsp;Alena Putri Jathi ,&nbsp;Nurrizky Grahitaning Putra Rohmaana Yudistira","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is posing a significant challenge to effective infection management. This shows the need for quantitative evaluation of antibiotic use through the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method, combined with Drug Related Problems (DRPs) analysis to support Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) programs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the quantitative use of antibiotic using DDD method and identify DRP in ICU patients at Airlangga University Hospital. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of ICU patients from July to December 2022. Antibiotic consumption was calculated in DDD per 100 patient-days following WHO standards, while DRPs were identified using the Cipolle and Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) v9.1 classifications. A total of 125 ICU patients met the inclusion criteria, with a predominance of pneumonia (40 %) and sepsis (25 %). The results showed that the total antibiotic consumption was 91.54 DDD/100 patient-days, with ceftriaxone having the highest (31.57 DDD/100 patient-days). The most frequent DRPs were unnecessary drug therapy (20 %) and suboptimal therapeutic effects (23 %), mainly due to inappropriate indications and deviations from treatment guidelines. Antibiotic use in ICU was dominated by ceftriaxone, and the high rate of DRPs showed the need for improved AMS. This study showed that strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, regular audits, and adherence to clinical guidelines were essential steps to optimize antibiotic use and minimize the risk of resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing inpatient access to oral contraceptives: A quality improvement approach in behavioral health","authors":"Rachel S. Pierce ,&nbsp;Devon N. Crews ,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Pierce ,&nbsp;Courtney K. Wulffson","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2026.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2026.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Continuity of oral contraceptive use during hospitalization is critical for reproductive health, yet behavioral health settings often deprioritize this need. At a Midwestern community hospital, pre-admission oral contraceptives were frequently withheld due to absent workflows, inventory limitations, and provider uncertainty.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to design, implement, and evaluate a structured oral contraceptive procurement workflow to improve continuity of care and support reproductive autonomy for hospitalized behavioral health patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A quality improvement initiative introduced a structured oral contraceptive procurement workflow in an adult inpatient behavioral health unit. Using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, the multidisciplinary team addressed medication reconciliation, pharmacy coordination, and provider education. Data were collected retrospectively (2022−2023) and prospectively (January–April 2025) for females aged 18–49 prescribed oral contraceptives prior to admission.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Oral contraceptive administration improved from 33 % (17/51) pre-intervention to 78 % (7/9) post-intervention (<em>p</em> = .023). Patients were seven times more likely to receive oral contraceptives after implementation, with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 1.31 to 37.40. Missed doses persisted due to provider unawareness of workflow and outpatient pharmacy stock constraints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Implementing a standardized workflow significantly enhanced oral contraceptive continuity for behavioral health inpatients. This systems-based approach demonstrates the value of interdisciplinary collaboration and pharmacy integration in closing reproductive care gaps. Future priorities include sustainability, electronic medical record integration, and broader adoption to advance reproductive health equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping strategies for managing medication side effects among patients with chronic diseases in Northwest Ethiopia: An interpretive phenomenological study.","authors":"Desalegn Addis Mussie ,&nbsp;Samuel Berihun Dagnew ,&nbsp;Tigabu Eskeziya Zerihun ,&nbsp;Abel Temeche kassaw ,&nbsp;Woretaw Sisay Zewdu ,&nbsp;Abaynesh Fentahun Bekalu ,&nbsp;Tilaye Arega Moges ,&nbsp;Fasil Bayafers Tamene ,&nbsp;Samuel Agegnew Wondm ,&nbsp;Getachew Yitayew Tarekegn","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2026.100712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2026.100712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and arthritis often require lifelong pharmacotherapy. Medication side effects can negatively affect patients' quality of life and adherence. Understanding how patients cope with these side effects is essential for improving patient-centered care.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the coping strategies used by patients with chronic diseases to manage medication-related side effects in Northwest Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An interpretive phenomenological study was conducted in five hospitals in the Amhara region between May and August 2025. Forty-seven adults experiencing medication side effects were purposively selected. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using Open Code version 4.03.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four major themes and nine subthemes emerged. Patients coped with side effects by modifying medication use (stopping, reducing, or changing timing), relying on faith and positive thinking, seeking alternative treatments (e.g., herbal remedies or traditional healers), and obtaining support from healthcare providers, family, and friends. While self-modification of medication sometimes provided temporary relief, it posed potential risks. In contrast, support from healthcare providers and social networks enhanced adherence and psychological resilience.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients in Ethiopia use diverse, culturally rooted strategies to cope with medication side effects. Some practices may compromise treatment effectiveness, highlighting the need for proactive, culturally sensitive interventions that combine patient education, spiritual support, and improved patient–provider communication to promote safe medication use, adherence, and overall well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition to electronic prescriptions in pharmacies: Workflows, services, and access to medication – A mixed methods approach","authors":"Alexander Graf,&nbsp;Maike Henningsen,&nbsp;Maximillian Zinner","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2026.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2026.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Germany's declining number of pharmacies raised concerns about patients' access to medication. To address this, pharmacies have started offering (digital) services, including analog and digital options such as phone consultation or medication delivery. According to existing literature, these services could improve access to medication. However, before the introduction of electronic prescriptions (ePs) in 2022, using these services in Germany was cumbersome.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Given this context, the aim of the study was to examine the challenges and potentials of electronic prescriptions in German pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-stage sequential mixed methods approach was used, combining semi-structured interviews with an online survey among 1215 pharmacists.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nearly half of surveyed pharmacists (49.3%) supported the transition to electronic prescriptions, while 37.0% opposed it. Technical errors were widespread (mentioned by 90.5%) and disrupted both dispensing and service workflows. Over half (53.3%) believed ePs worsened in-pharmacy pick-up for patients, while 59.3% saw no major effect on (digital) services. More than one in four (28.5%) observed improvements in medication delivery through digital transfer, but many noted increased competition from large online pharmacies, increased workflow complexity, limited perceived patient demand and low profitability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Electronic prescriptions were associated with many challenges for pharmacists. Although they might have the potential to improve patient access to medications, this remains limited by technical instability, low patient digital literacy, and pharmacists' perceptions of limited usefulness. Enhancing pharmacist and patient experiences by reducing technical errors, ensuring profitability of (digital) services, and improving patients' readiness is essential to realize the potential of ePs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-medication with psychedelics: a scoping review and narrative synthesis of review-level evidence","authors":"Shreya Shiju ,&nbsp;Rohan Tirumala ,&nbsp;Elliot Marseille","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2026.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2026.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As public and scientific interest in psychedelics grows, unsupervised use for health purposes is increasing. In the U.S., past-year hallucinogen use nearly doubled from 2015 to 2023. Many individuals report self-treating physical or psychological symptoms without medical supervision using psychedelics—a practice termed self-medication. Despite this trend, review-level syntheses remain scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize review-level evidence on the self-medication of psychedelics, including which substances are used, for what health-related purposes, and what benefits and harms have been reported.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a scoping review of review-level evidence on self-medication with psychedelics, following the PRISMA PRISMA-ScR (2018) checklist. Searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar (October–November 2024) used the terms (“self-medication” OR “self-treatment”) AND “psychedelics.” Eligible reviews examined unsupervised use of classical or non-classical psychedelics for physical, mental, or behavioral conditions. Four reviewers independently screened all records. Data extraction was conducted using Elicit AI and was manually verified by reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three reviews met inclusion criteria (systematic, scoping, narrative). Psilocybin and LSD were most frequently reported, primarily for cluster headache and chronic pain. Outcomes included abortive relief, prophylactic relief, and prolonged remission, often from microdosed regimens. Approximately 40% achieved full remission; 70% reported preventive benefit. Adverse effects were rare and brief. Motivations for self-use centered on coping, desperation, and dissatisfaction with conventional care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Preliminary review-level evidence suggests that individuals self-medicating with psychedelics—particularly psilocybin and LSD—report symptom relief for conditions such as cluster headache, though findings remain limited by scarce and heterogeneous data. More rigorous research is needed to clarify effectiveness, safety, and real-world patterns of use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated pharmaceutical care model by unit-based clinical pharmacists: Implementation and clinical impact","authors":"Kezhen Feng ,&nbsp;Xinyan Han ,&nbsp;Nan Lv ,&nbsp;Chaogang Xiong ,&nbsp;Yajing Li ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Yi ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In response to China's National Health Commission mandates promoting unit-based clinical pharmacists, healthcare institutions face severe workforce shortages, creating a critical policy-resource disparity.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to implement and evaluate a hybrid unit-based clinical pharmacist model in respiratory wards to address this gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A structured workflow was implemented, integrating morning clinical activities (joint physician-pharmacist rounds, medication reconciliation, and real-time interventions) with afternoon analytical tasks (medication order surveillance). The model was evaluated quantitatively from 2021 to 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-implementation, antimicrobial use density dropped from 114.43 to 103.82 DDDs/100 patient-days (a 9.3 % reduction), dual antimicrobial therapy fell from 29.89 % to 11.34 % (a 62.1 % reduction), and pharmacist-patient interactions rose 3.3-fold. Medication safety was enhanced, with adverse drug reaction reports growing from 34 to 61 (a 79.4 % increase). Seven representative cases illustrated the resolution of critical drug therapy issues, demonstrating the framework's capacity to augment stewardship and safety despite staffing constraints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The hybrid model provides a scalable framework for hospitals addressing the clinical pharmacy staffing gap in China. By strategically allocating limited pharmacist resources, it enhances antimicrobial stewardship and medication safety while complying with national reforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}