Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacist perceptions on the presentation of social isolation and loneliness (SIL) in community pharmacy settings in Ireland – A mixed methods study","authors":"Jung-Ah Hong,&nbsp;Hebah Al-Rashed,&nbsp;Laura Rice,&nbsp;Fabian F. Sweeney","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social isolation and Loneliness (SIL) represent a critical public health issue as they are strongly associated with adverse physical, mental and emotional health and wellbeing outcomes. Community pharmacies are accessible and frequently accessed healthcare locations and are potentially valuable settings for interventions designed to support patients experiencing SIL. However, a barrier to the development of community pharmacy based SIL interventions is a knowledge gap regarding nature of the presentation of SIL in this setting. This study adopts a mixed methods approach to explore this from the perspectives of practicing community pharmacists in Ireland.</div><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with community pharmacists practicing in Ireland (<em>n</em> = 9) followed by a national survey of practicing community pharmacists (<em>n</em> = 95 participants).</div><div>Four themes were identified from the interview data: <strong>recognition of SIL, SIL risk factors, enablers</strong> and <strong>Barriers to supporting patients experiencing SIL</strong>. Pharmacists described frequent encounters with SIL particularly among older and underrepresented patents. SIL was often recognised through the presence of pharmaceutical care issues and other indirect approaches. Pharmacists expressed a strong sense of responsibility to support patients. Barriers to supporting patients were reported such as lack of appropriate training, signposting knowledge and resource constraints. Survey findings corroborated these themes with respondents reporting frequent encounters with SIL, and needs for guidance and resourcing support.</div><div>This study highlights the potential for pharmacies to act as valuable locations for interventions supporting social connectivity. However, integration of pharmacy services into wider support and wellbeing services, appropriate resourcing, inclusion of SIL in pharmacy education, and appropriate patient informed service co-design are critical for this potential to be fully realised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire in Japanese","authors":"Mitsuaki Ishii ,&nbsp;Shoichi Masumoto ,&nbsp;Kureha Ara ,&nbsp;Keisuke Kiyomiya ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Kawazoe ,&nbsp;Sachiko Ozone ,&nbsp;Hisakazu Ohtani","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deprescribing, a structured process aimed at improving medication safety, requires an approach that aligns with the beliefs and attitudes of patients and caregivers. The revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD), widely used across countries and disease contexts, may be able to capture the attitudes of older adults and caregivers toward deprescribing in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To translate rPATD into Japanese and assess its cultural adaptability, and to examine its applicability to older adults and caregivers in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>rPATD was translated into Japanese using a forward-back translation process. Psychometric properties were evaluated among older adults aged 65 years or older who used community pharmacies and caregivers recruited from a web panel. Face and content validity were assessed during the translation process, construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest analysis with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>384 older adults and 219 caregivers were included in the analysis. EFA results showed that, the same as the original version, the four factors (burden, belief in appropriateness, concern about stopping, and involvement) were identified for both the older adults and caregivers. Internal consistency was confirmed for all factors related to older adults and caregivers (Cronbach's alpha &gt;0.70). Test-retest reliability was good for all factors (ICC &gt;0.75).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Japanese version of the rPATD demonstrated good psychometric properties and might be used to assess attitudes towards deprescribing among older adults and caregivers living in Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation priorities in Australian community pharmacy: A semi-structured survey of Australian pharmacists","authors":"Veronika Seda,&nbsp;Stephen R. Carter,&nbsp;Rebekah J. Moles,&nbsp;Carl R. Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Australian community pharmacy is undergoing transformation, with pharmacists increasingly contributing to primary care and providing professional services. Implementation science offers structured approaches to support the scalable and sustainable delivery of healthcare. However, most Australian research to date has been exploratory in nature.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify key factors influencing the implementation of professional services in Australian community pharmacies and develop a community pharmacist implementation importance scale (CPIIS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A semi-structured national survey was conducted among Australian community pharmacists, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Cochrane's twelve key implementation dimensions. Descriptive statistics summarised demographics and workplace practices. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) examined perceived importance of implementation elements, and correlation analyses explored associations with pharmacist and practice characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 108 eligible respondents were analysed. Pharmacists reported delivering over 9000 services in the previous 14 days, with dose administration aids (67 %) and absence from work certificates (55 %) being most common. EFA identified two key dimensions: “Inner” and “Outer” contexts, with internal factors, such as staffing, workflow, and resource availability, rated as more important. Pharmacist experience was associated with a decrease in the perceived importance of the outer context. The model demonstrated good fit and internal consistency.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Australian community pharmacists currently provide an extensive number and range of professional services. Internal operational factors are prioritised for service implementation. CPIIS offers a practical tool to evaluate the priorities of community pharmacists for implementation of professional services.</div><div><strong>Ethics registration:</strong> Ethics approval from the University of Sydney Ethics and Human Research Committee was obtained [2021/170].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to oral anticancer medications in metastatic versus nonmetastatic breast cancer patients: Insights from a low-middle-income country","authors":"Abdel-Hameed I.M. Ebid ,&nbsp;Rana Elshewy ,&nbsp;Mahmoud I. Mostafa ,&nbsp;Reem Eid ,&nbsp;Emad Shash ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Mobarez","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Optimal treatment outcomes in breast cancer rely heavily on patient adherence to oral anticancer medications (OAMs).</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to assess adherence to OAMs and identify factors associated with nonadherence in metastatic and nonmetastatic breast cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 500 breast cancer patients were categorised into metastatic (45.6 %) and nonmetastatic (54.4 %) groups. Adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), with nonadherence defined as an MMAS-8 score &lt; 8 or an MPR &lt; 80 %. Data collection was augmented by patient interviews and examinations of outpatient pharmacy dispensing records.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adherence rates were 46.4 % as per MMAS-8 and 71 % according to MPR. Specifically, in the nonmetastatic group, MMAS-8 revealed a 28.3 % adherence rate, MPR showed 75.4 % adherence rate. Metastatic patients displayed significantly higher adherence (MASS-8, 68 %) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). There was a notable inverse correlation between adherence and the severity of side effects like musculoskeletal pain, neurological symptoms, fatigue, and hot flushes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, adherence varied with treatment duration, with shorter periods associated with better adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study confirms that adherence to OAMs is significantly affected by both the metastatic status and the severity of side effects. This highlights the urgent need for enhanced educational and management strategies tailored to the specific challenges faced by breast cancer patients, especially those dealing with severe side effects. Ongoing research should focus on developing and testing targeted interventions to improve adherence in these patient groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study on the seasonal variation in methylphenidate consumption in the South African private healthcare sector","authors":"Ilse Truter,&nbsp;Ashmitha Munasur-Naidoo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A steady growth in the consumption of medicine for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been evident over the past two decades. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is reported to have had an effect on stimulant consumption. Methylphenidate is the main active ingredient used in the treatment of ADHD, both in children and adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The primary aim was to analyze the consumption patterns of methylphenidate in the private healthcare sector in South Africa by means of a drug utilization study using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology to establish trends, detect seasonal variations and to compare the results with international studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive drug utilization study was conducted. IQVIA sales data from the South African private healthcare sector from 2013 to 2023 were analyzed. Consumption patterns were expressed as the number of Defined Daily Doses (DDDs)/1000 inhabitants/day and DDDs/1000 inhabitants/month. Ethical approval for the study was granted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Methylphenidate consumption showed a steady increase in the years around the pandemic period, from 9.07 (in 2018) to 9.88 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day (in 2023), with a notable lower consumption in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic started. Consumption in 2013 was only 6.01 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day, which indicates an increase of 64.39 % over the 11-year period. Seasonal peaks in consumption were observed in February, May, August and November, coinciding with times before assessment periods in schools and universities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was a clear visible upward trend in the consumption of methylphenidate, with a decrease during 2020, as was also observed in other countries. Similar studies are recommended for other central nervous system drug classes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of comprehensive pharmaceutical care on medication safety in gynecologic oncology chemotherapy patients","authors":"Zhiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Jia ,&nbsp;Lan Mi ,&nbsp;Rui Lian ,&nbsp;Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaocong Pang ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of our hospital's full-course pharmacy service on the safety and rationality of medication in patients with gynecologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on patients who underwent chemotherapy in the Gynecologic Oncology Ward at Peking University First Hospital between September 2022 and September 2024. Patients were divided into a control group, who received routine pharmaceutical care based on clinical medication prescription review, and the intervention group, who received comprehensive pharmaceutical care throughout their treatment. This included prescription review, medication education, drug consultation, and adverse reaction management. The incidence of severe adverse reactions, the appropriateness of leukopoietic treatment and monitoring, and the rate of unplanned hospital admissions were compared between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The intervention group demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of severe nausea (6.1 % vs 11.4 %, <em>P</em> = 0.034), anorexia (3.3 % vs 9.3 %, <em>P</em> = 0.003), and leukopenia (9.4 % vs 15.7 %, P = 0.034) compared to the control group. Additionally, the appropriateness of leukopoietic treatment (93.5 % vs 85.0 %, <em>P</em> = 0.001) and monitoring (89.2 % vs 65.0 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), as well as the rate of unexpected hospital admissions (2.2 % vs 6.4 %, <em>P</em> = 0.013), have shown significant improvement in the intervention group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Comprehensive pharmaceutical care has a positive impact on medication safety for gynecologic oncology patients, significantly reducing the incidence of severe adverse reactions and the rate of unplanned hospital admissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-label prescribing of tamsulosin: A nationwide retrospective study combining prescription and regulatory data","authors":"Anna Artner ,&nbsp;Ákos Niedermüller ,&nbsp;Máté Attila Csapó ,&nbsp;Nikoletta Ngo Hanh ,&nbsp;Emília Fekete ,&nbsp;Romána Zelkó ,&nbsp;Szilvia Sebők","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Off-label use of medicines raises important safety and regulatory concerns. Tamsulosin, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocker originally approved for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men, is also prescribed beyond licensed indications.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to describe national on-label and off-label prescribing patterns of tamsulosin in Hungary using insurance and regulatory data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive analysis of two national datasets: the National Health Insurance Fund (NEAK) database of reimbursed prescriptions (2019–2023) and the National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition (NNGYK) records of off-label authorisations (2009–2023). Prescriptions were analyzed by sex and International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 906,011 prescriptions were linked to 214 ICD-10 codes; 805 entries lacked identifiable codes. Of these, 888,830 (98.1 %) were for men and 17,181 (1.9 %) for women. Female prescriptions most frequently carried codes for ureteral stones (2805; 16.3 %), dysuria (1872; 10.9 %), urinary retention (1722; 10.0 %), and kidney stones (1498; 8.7 %). Notably, 2845 prescriptions (16.6 %) in women were linked to prostate-related codes, suggesting coding errors. NNGYK approved eight individual off-label requests, mainly for urological indications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Off-label tamsulosin prescribing in Hungary is relatively infrequent but concentrated in women. These findings highlight the importance of pharmacovigilance, clinician awareness, and further research to clarify its therapeutic role in non-BPH indications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The triple burden: A systematic review and meta-analysis of essential medicine availability, price, and affordability across Ethiopian health facilities","authors":"Tsegaye Melaku,&nbsp;Dula Dessalegn,&nbsp;Mestawet Getachew","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Access to essential medicines is a fundamental component of achieving universal health coverage, as outlined by the World Health Organization's(WHO) framework. Despite various efforts to improve access to essential medicines, there remains a gap in comprehensive data regarding their availability, price, and affordability at health facilities in Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled estimates of availability, price, and affordability of generic essential medicines at health facilities in Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a complete search of electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, African Index Medicus, AJOL, Google Scholar, and Organization repositories such as the Ministry of Health, Ethiopian Pharmaceuticals Supply Service) to find relevant articles on the topic from inception to August 2025. Data was analyzed using STATA version 18.0. Random-effect model meta-analysis and descriptive statistics were performed to determine the pooled availability and affordability, respectively. Statistical significance was considered at a <em>p</em>-value less than 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 46 studies, encompassing data from 2302 health facilities, were included in the final analysis. The overall mean availability of essential medicines was 63.89 % (± 19.48 SD). In public health facilities, the pooled availability was 64 % (95 % CI: 58 %–70 %), while in private facilities it was lower at 54 % (95 % CI: 42 %–66 %). The pooled proportion of unaffordable medicines was 62 % (95 % CI: 45 %–79 %). Analysis of the Median Price Ratios (MPRs) revealed that, in public health facilities, MPRs ranged from 0.55 to 5.21, with an overall median (IQR) of 1.45 (1.26–2.31). In private health facilities, MPRs ranged from 0.88 to 11.17, with a higher overall median (IQR) of 3.66 (2.12–4.10), reflecting greater price variability and reduced affordability in the private sector.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The availability of generic essential medicines in Ethiopia was below the WHO target of 80 % in both public and private health facilities. Prices of these medicines were higher than international reference prices, with significant variations across sectors. About two-thirds of the evaluated medicines were unaffordable. Addressing these challenges will require coordinated efforts, including policy refinement, supply chain improvements, and context-specific interventions, to progressively enhance equitable access to essential medicines across all sectors.</div><div><strong>Systematic review registration number:</strong> PROSPERO CRD420251137000.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of a comprehensive training program for hospital-based clinical pharmacists - various, active, and work-integrated learning","authors":"Marianne Lea ,&nbsp;Elin Trapnes ,&nbsp;Hanne Steen ,&nbsp;Nina Bjerketveit Ødegaard","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication reconciliation and -reviews are not emphasized in the pharmacy curriculums in Norway and graduated pharmacists are at novice level. Therefore, a postgraduate training program for hospital-based clinical pharmacists was developed. The aim of this paper is to describe the program design and evaluation of the last four years (2021–2024).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The training program, established in 2012, used Southern Sweden's training in Integrated Medicines Management as inspiration. Experienced clinical pharmacists in Norway have further developed and improved the program. The training program comprises i) a three-day in-class and skill training course in a simulation lab ii) eight days in a hospital ward performing medication reconciliations and - reviews under individual supervision from a clinical supervisor, i.e. an experienced clinical pharmacist, and iii) independently conducted medication reconciliations and –reviews presented to the supervisor for feedback and reflection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 46 participants in the last four years, 39 (85 %) completed a questionnaire. Participants scored their overall satisfaction with a median of 6 (range 4–6) on a scale from 1 to 6. Participants highlighted the way the course is organized and facilitated by skilled lecturers, active learning with feedback, peer learning, and work relevance as positive factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A comprehensive work-integrated training program with various and active learning methods that can be used as a template in settings where pharmacists graduate at novice level in medication reconciliation and -reviews has been developed. The program is appreciated by participants, seems to improve their professional confidence, and could ensure standardised high quality clinical pharmacy services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The short medication adherence scale (SMAS-7): Development and psychometric validation in a general population sample","authors":"Fouad Sakr ,&nbsp;Mariam Dabbous ,&nbsp;Jihan Safwan ,&nbsp;Mohamad Rahal ,&nbsp;Pascale Salameh","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication adherence is essential for treatment success across both chronic and acute conditions. However, concise, multidimensional, and broadly applicable validated tools to measure medication adherence remain scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study primarily aimed to develop and validate the Short Medication Adherence Scale (SMAS-7) and, secondarily, to assess adherence levels and related factors in a general adult population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted among Lebanese adults aged ≥18 years from the general population. Individuals who declined follow-up contact for the test-retest phase were excluded. The 7-item SMAS-7, developed from the LMAS-14, was administered electronically in Arabic using an online questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were performed on two random subsamples to assess factorial structure and model fit. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω), test-retest reliability (ICC), and construct and criterion validity were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of adherence using a ROC curve-derived SMAS-7 cut-off score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 501 participants were included in the study. EFA revealed a 3-factor structure, psychological, economic, and behavioral domains, supported by KMO = 0.830 and significant Bartlett's test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). CFA confirmed the structure with excellent fit (χ²/df = 1.757, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.055, SRMR = 0.020). The SMAS-7 demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.889, ω = 0.945) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.779). Criterion validity was excellent (AUC = 0.985; sensitivity = 91.2 %; specificity = 96.0 %). Suboptimal adherence was observed in 52.3 % of participants. Significant predictors of adherence included gender (<em>P</em> = 0.030), region (<em>P</em> = 0.014), financial well-being (<em>P</em> = 0.002), chronic illness (<em>P</em> = 0.009), communication barriers (<em>P</em> = 0.013), and patient perception (<em>P</em> = 0.029).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SMAS-7 demonstrated strong preliminary psychometric properties in this initial validation study. It offers a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers seeking to monitor and enhance adherence behaviors. While these findings are encouraging, further studies in diverse populations and clinical settings are required to confirm its external validity and generalizability. The findings revealed suboptimal adherence and underscored the multifaceted nature of its predictors, highlighting the need for targeted, multidimensional interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}