Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators for pharmacist-led vaccination services: A systematic review using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)","authors":"Meral Abdulselam ,&nbsp;Alla El-Awaisi ,&nbsp;Ziad G. Nasr ,&nbsp;Shahd Shaar ,&nbsp;Maguy Saffouh El Hajj","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacists are well positioned to contribute to the expansion of vaccination program outreach, owing to their high accessibility, pharmacotherapy knowledge, and patient-centered services. Over the past decade, the scope of pharmacy practice has progressively evolved, shifting from a product-oriented role toward more direct involvement in public health initiatives, including immunization. Despite this advancement, the full potential of pharmacists as immunization providers remains underutilized due to several barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on the barriers and facilitators of pharmacist-led vaccination services using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (Ovid/Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations, PROSPERO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Elsevier Science Direct, Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC), and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they focused on pharmacist-initiated vaccinations and reported relevant barriers or facilitators. The findings were mapped to CFIR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 33 studies were included. Barriers to pharmacist-led vaccination services were reported in 32 studies. The main barriers in the Outer Domain were mainly fear of conflicting roles with physicians and public attitudes, lack of physician support, patient unwillingness to receive vaccinations in community settings, liability and regulation related issues, and reimbursement for pharmacist vaccination services. In the Inner Domain, lack of pharmacist training and lack of adequate facilities for delivering community pharmacy vaccination services were the main barriers. Facilitators in the Outer Domain were professional recognition, cooperation between pharmacists and healthcare centers, and financial remuneration. In the Inner Domain, immunization training was frequently considered as a crucial element. Under the Individual Characteristics Domain, opportunities to strengthen the pharmacist–patient relationship, pharmacist interest, patient trust, and patient demand were considered as key facilitators.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study identified the main barriers and facilitators to pharmacist-led vaccination services using the CFIR framework, primarily within the Outer and Inner Setting domains. Findings highlight the need for targeted training, regulatory support, and reorganized reimbursement. Future research should explore context-specific interventions and evaluate training effectiveness to advance pharmacist-led immunization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved persistence to statin therapy through a patient counseling intervention in community pharmacies – A nationwide cohort study","authors":"Karin Svensberg ,&nbsp;Björn Wettermark ,&nbsp;Jenna Ramsin Eklund ,&nbsp;Mohammadhossein Hajiebrahimi ,&nbsp;Marie Ekenberg ,&nbsp;Albin Tranberg ,&nbsp;Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Poor adherence is a well-known problem for statins, key medicines for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Community pharmacy services have been identified as a way to increase adherence. We assessed the effect of motivating counseling in Swedish community pharmacies on treatment persistence in patients starting statin therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cohort study, one-year persistence was evaluated in patients who initiated statin therapy (ATC C10AA) between October 2022 and June 2023 following pharmacy-based counseling, and compared with five age- and sex-matched controls per patient from pharmacies not providing the service. Data were collected from Swedish national health registers on dispensed medications, diagnoses and socioeconomic characteristics of patients. Odds ratios for being persistent with 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using a logistic regression model adjusted for socioeconomics, cardiovascular comorbidity and pharmacy size.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 902 patients who had data available in the Swedish national registers received the intervention. They had a higher education and income, mostly Swedish born and they had less history of cardiovascular disease, compared to the 4510 age- and sex-matched controls. The one-year persistence was significantly higher among those who received the service compared to controls (80.2 % compared to 73.6 %). Adjusted odds ratios for being persistent after the intervention was 1.43 (95 % CI 1.19–1.71).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients who receive a motivating counseling service in community pharmacies have a higher persistence to statin treatment, one year after initiation, after adjustment for differences in patient characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription-only medicine requests by clients: Insights from community pharmacies","authors":"Chabiya Ayuba Tashiwa ,&nbsp;Erick Wesley Hedima","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The accessibility of community pharmacies increases the likelihood that patients will approach pharmacists for medication needs, including those that require prescriptions. This study assessed prescription medicine requests from members of the public. Method This study employed a cross-sectional design to investigate clients seeking medication from community pharmacies in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire comprising of two sections. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, where appropriate, were utilized to determine factors associated with prescription-only medicine (POM) requests. Associations between perception scores and patient characteristics were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors that may elucidate the correlates of obtaining medicines without a prescription. Statistical significance was set at <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 (95 % CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 258 adults with access to prescription-only (POM) or over-thecounter (OTC) medications were included in the study. The prevalence of prescription medicine request was 53 %. Headaches, fever, pain, and dysmenorrhea were the most frequent complaints (33.9 %). A significant difference was observed between medicineseeking practices and chronic illnesses (<em>p</em> = 0.01). The odds of requesting a POM decreased with lower educational attainment (AOR 0.05; 95 % CI, 0.06–0.43). While Age (<em>p</em> = 0.006), employment status (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and monthly income (<em>p</em> = 0.01) were significantly associated with perception of medication-seeking behavior. The most commonly requested medicine was artemether and lumefantrine, accounting for 12.3 % of prescriptions. Most respondents agreed that consultation with a registered medical practitioner for any health concern is necessary.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prevalence of prescription-only medicine requests by clients seeking healthcare from community pharmacies was relatively high. Artemether/lumefantrine and amoxicillin/clavulanate were the most sought medicines. Strengthen national prescribing policies by granting pharmacists structured prescribing authority, thereby promoting accountability and the rational use of medicines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of unused medicines among households in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu ,&nbsp;Gebremariam Wulie Geremew ,&nbsp;Eskedar Dires Gebremeskel ,&nbsp;Zemenu Wube Bayleyegn ,&nbsp;Ayelign Eshete Fitgu ,&nbsp;Tefera Minwagaw ,&nbsp;Mulugojjam Jegnie Tagele ,&nbsp;Rahel Belete Abebe ,&nbsp;Tirsit Ketsela Zeleke ,&nbsp;Abaynesh Fentahun Bekalu ,&nbsp;Masho Tigabie Tekle ,&nbsp;Mekonnen Derese Mekete ,&nbsp;Mulugeta Assefa Estifo ,&nbsp;Abebech Tewabe Gelaye ,&nbsp;Tadele Mesfin Demelash ,&nbsp;Fraol Zeleke Desta ,&nbsp;Elsabeth Alemayehu Haile ,&nbsp;Simon Zemenfes Hailu ,&nbsp;Adugna Tadesse Gemeda ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Birhanu Abebe","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Unused medicines present significant public health, environmental risks and economic challenges. Understanding their prevalence and determinants is crucial for designing appropriate interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and determinants of unused medicines among households in Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted across major databases, including Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, to identify relevant studies published up to January 10, 2025. Eligible studies reporting the prevalence and determinants of unused medicines in Ethiopian households were included. Data were extracted via a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA version 11.0, applying a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence and account for heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore variations across studies.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>A total of 12 studies involving 6123 households were included. The pooled prevalence of unused medicines was estimated at 44.34 % (95 % CI: 32.83, 55.84), with substantial heterogeneity among studies (I² = 99.0 %, <em>p</em> value =0.000). Subgroup analyses revealed higher prevalence rates in urban households at 47.8 % compared to rural households at 26.89 % and regional disparities. Antibiotics were the most frequently unused class of medications, accounting for 31.49 % of all unused medicines in households, followed by analgesics at 26.14 %, while antacids constituted 8.7 %. The primary reasons for the accumulation of unused medicines included self-discontinuation upon symptom relief at 34.21 %, while anticipation of future use constitute 20.47 %. Factors such as self-medication with NSAIDs, acquisition of medications without prescriptions, and higher household income were significantly associated with the prevalence of unused medicines among households in Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that unused medicines among households in Ethiopian was prevalent, with significant regional variations. Antibiotics were the most commonly unused medications, followed by analgesics, while cardiovascular medicines and dietary supplements were the least reported. The primary reasons for the accumulation of unused medicines included self-discontinuation upon symptom relief, and anticipation of future use. Key determinants such as self-medication with NSAIDs, acquisition of medications without prescriptions, and higher household income were significantly associated with the prevalence of unused medicines. These findings underscore the need for context specific interventions to address the high prevalence of unused medicines in Ethiopia, particularly in urban settings and regions with higher rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a medication safety self-assessment tool for high-alert medications in community pharmacies","authors":"Rositsa Koleva ,&nbsp;Anita Währn ,&nbsp;Ercan Celikkayalar ,&nbsp;Sonja Kallio ,&nbsp;Raisa Laaksonen","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High-alert medications are recognised as those carrying heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used erroneously.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop a high-alert medications self-assessment tool for Finnish community pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The tool was developed using a three-phase Delphi method and is based on the Institute for Safe Medication Practices´ Medication Safety Self Assessment® for High-Alert Medications, which comprises 380 items. A pre-Delphi round was first conducted to assess tool's applicability for Finnish pharmacies, followed by two Delphi rounds with a multidisciplinary expert panel evaluating the applicability and desirability of each item. A consensus rate of 70 % was defined. Following the Delphi rounds, the tool was finalized through refinement, removal of duplicates, and reorganization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Consensus was reached on 114 items, resulting in a finalized self-assessment tool organized into eight sections covering medicine groups such as insulin and oral diabetes medicines, anticoagulants, opioids, immunosuppressants, methotrexate, and over-the-counter high-alert medications. After the first Delphi round, 33 items were accepted without changes and 97 were revised. After the second Delphi round, 77 items were transferred to the final tool as such, 35 were modified and 21 were removed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The developed high-alert self-assessment tool offers a structured method for evaluating existing practices and implementing targeted safety measures, addressing a specific need in community pharmacies, where such resources are limited. While further validation and implementation research are needed, the tool represents a practical step toward enhancing medication safety and promoting continuous improvement in pharmacy practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating patient preference into as needed pain orders at a large academic health system","authors":"Meghan D. McNulty ,&nbsp;Michael E. Guerra,&nbsp;Kristina Shvets,&nbsp;Philip Rosselli,&nbsp;Adam L. Ackerman,&nbsp;Roberta Chuong ,&nbsp;Jessie Riemer","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Joint Commission Accreditation Surveys at multiple hospitals within the Yale New Haven Health System (YNHHS) revealed that patients often requested lower doses and/or lower potencies of as needed (PRN) pain medications than those ordered for their reported pain score. This resulted in the potential for PRN pain medications to be given without a proper order or risking a delay in care while waiting for a new medication order to be placed by a clinician. This project followed the requirements set forth by The Joint Commission to seamlessly integrate patient preferences into the health system electronic health record (EHR) to enhance patient care and reduce unnecessary opioid consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two Joint Commission Standards that provided project guidance were PC.01.02.07 (the hospital manages and assesses patient pain while minimizing risks) and MM.04.01.01 (medication orders are clear and accurate). Implementing the proposal involved modifying the existing PRN pain orders and the Medication Administration Record (MAR) and updating the YNHHS Pain Assessment and Management policy. Education was developed and shared with clinicians, nursing, and pharmacy, along with a Tips and Tricks document for this newly developed workflow.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The project successfully enhanced utilization of as needed pain medication orders through incorporation of patient preference options into PRN pain medication orders. Feedback after implementation from clinicians and nursing staff was also positive.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This project successfully demonstrates how large academic health systems can incorporate patient preference into PRN pain orders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study on the seasonal variation in methylphenidate consumption in the South African private healthcare sector","authors":"Ilse Truter,&nbsp;Ashmitha Munasur-Naidoo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A steady growth in the consumption of medicine for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been evident over the past two decades. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is reported to have had an effect on stimulant consumption. Methylphenidate is the main active ingredient used in the treatment of ADHD, both in children and adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The primary aim was to analyze the consumption patterns of methylphenidate in the private healthcare sector in South Africa by means of a drug utilization study using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology to establish trends, detect seasonal variations and to compare the results with international studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive drug utilization study was conducted. IQVIA sales data from the South African private healthcare sector from 2013 to 2023 were analyzed. Consumption patterns were expressed as the number of Defined Daily Doses (DDDs)/1000 inhabitants/day and DDDs/1000 inhabitants/month. Ethical approval for the study was granted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Methylphenidate consumption showed a steady increase in the years around the pandemic period, from 9.07 (in 2018) to 9.88 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day (in 2023), with a notable lower consumption in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic started. Consumption in 2013 was only 6.01 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day, which indicates an increase of 64.39 % over the 11-year period. Seasonal peaks in consumption were observed in February, May, August and November, coinciding with times before assessment periods in schools and universities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was a clear visible upward trend in the consumption of methylphenidate, with a decrease during 2020, as was also observed in other countries. Similar studies are recommended for other central nervous system drug classes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven approach to optimizing waiting times in outpatient pharmacy services: Interrupted time series analysis","authors":"Hazzaa Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Talal S. Alshihayb ,&nbsp;Yazeed Alharbi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alawagi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Aleissa ,&nbsp;Yasser Albogami","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Operational efficiency in outpatient pharmacies is a critical factor in healthcare delivery, directly impacting patient satisfaction and adherence to prescribed treatments. Prolonged waiting times in pharmacies can lead to patient dissatisfaction, reduced medication adherence, and potential health risks.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze the impact of a data-driven intervention on reducing patient waiting times in an outpatient pharmacy at a tertiary hospital, with a goal of ensuring that patients are served within 30 min of ticket issuance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized data from the “Qsmart” ticketing system, covering October 2022 to November 2023. A descriptive analysis was conducted to identify peak service hours and assess staffing patterns. An interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention implemented between January 22 and February 26, 2023. The intervention included increased staffing during peak hours, adjustments to break schedules, and enhanced pre-peak hour preparations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The descriptive analysis revealed peak service hours between 9 AM and 11 AM, with the highest number of tickets issued at 10 AM. The intervention produced a significant immediate level reduction in waiting times of 0.1540 (95 %CI: 0.0421,0.2659) but there was <strong>no additional post-intervention slope change</strong>, indicating that the improvement was not progressively increasing over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The data-driven intervention effectively reduced waiting times in the outpatient pharmacy, with significant immediate improvements observed. This study highlights the potential of strategic operational adjustments to enhance service efficiency and patient satisfaction. Further research is needed to validate the sustainability and generalizability of these findings in other settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the experience of managers, employees, and pharmacists in clinical pharmacy in primary care using the SEIPS model: A focus group study","authors":"Karin Svensberg ,&nbsp;Lea Axelsson ,&nbsp;Lina Hellström","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Medication management in primary care faces challenges that affect patient outcomes.</div><div>The inclusion of clinical pharmacists in care teams aims to address these issues. In Nordic countries, the role of clinical pharmacy services in primary care is still evolving with limited research. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model provides a framework for evaluating healthcare systems by examining the system factors and processes that influence outcomes. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the integration and advancement of the role of pharmacists in primary care using the SEIPS model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A focus group study was conducted with four groups (<em>n</em> = 17): managers, pharmacists, nurses, and general practitioners. Deductive thematic analysis guided by the SEIPS model was used to structure the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite taking time to establish the pharmacist as a colleague, the participants expressed satisfaction with the collaboration and the pharmacist's role within the work system and processes at healthcare centres. Central factors for system and process development were identified, including a needs-based and structured approach to implementation, pharmacists with the right qualities and skills, teamwork, and physical presence. Perceived outcomes included increased pharmaceutical knowledge among coworkers and patients, reduced workload for staff, and improved patient safety regarding therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Participants emphasised the potential of integrating pharmacists into primary care to address medication-management challenges. The SEIPS model provides insights into work system dynamics and can help develop the role of pharmacists in healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the patient point of view: Using eye tracking to evaluate older adult shopping behavior change with a community pharmacy OTC intervention","authors":"Emily L. Hoffins ,&nbsp;Jamie A. Stone ,&nbsp;Aaron M. Gilson ,&nbsp;Taylor L. Watterson ,&nbsp;Jason S. Chladek ,&nbsp;Michelle A. Chui","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Over-the-counter medications are an integral component of community pharmacies, providing patients with accessible options for addressing health concerns independently. However, this increases the potential for adverse drug events, particularly among older adults, due to overestimating medication safety. Pharmacy layouts, often informed by retail store principles, frequently prioritize product profitability over patient safety.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates the impact of Senior Safe™, a physical redesign of pharmacy aisles, on older adults' visual attention during medication selection to enhance patient safety.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Senior Safe rearranged over-the-counter products based on safety designation and human factors engineering principles. Older adult participants wore eye-tracking glasses and engaged in a scenario-based simulation to measure gaze behavior during medication selection. Simulations were conducted pre- and post-intervention to analyze fixation durations within each medication safety category.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-eight older adult participants completed this portion of the study. Post-intervention participants spent significantly more time fixating on Senior Safe medications (μ = 25.17 s) compared to pre-implementation participants (μ = 9.40s). Post-intervention participants also spent more time selecting OTCs overall.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates how environmental redesign influences patient visual attention behavior. These findings emphasize the role of environmental design in enhancing patient safety and support eye-tracking as an effective method for measuring patient behavior in community pharmacy settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}