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Meeting The Mentorship Needs Of International Students In The United States 满足在美留学生的导师需求
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1169
O. Oloruntoba, R. Aggad, Tasmiah Nuzhath, Qiping Fan, M. Smith
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引用次数: 0
Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Feelings of Energy and Fatigue During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Grit Make a Difference? 在COVID-19大流行的早期阶段,身体活动、坐着时间、精力和疲劳感:毅力有影响吗?
Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1134
A. Stamatis, Jessica L. Adams, Joel R. Martin, M. Smith, Italia Milani, S. Caswell, N. Cortes, A. Boolani
Grit has been associated with feelings of energy when measured as the opposite end of fatigue. During the COVID-19 pandemic, grit has been linked to positive health-related behaviors, which are known to influence feelings of energy and fatigue. The objective of this study was to identify the association between grit, time spent sitting, physical activity (PA), and feelings of mental and physical energy (ME, PE) and fatigue (MF, PF) during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Participants (n = 859) completed surveys once. Using a series of multivariate regression models, we assessed the association between grit, time spent sitting, PA and ME, MF, PE, and PF. When accounting for all factors, performing vigorous PA was associated positively with PE and ME and negatively with PF and MF, whereas sitting was related negatively with PE and ME and positively with PF and MF. Grit was not associated with the four moods. Study findings underscore the need to adopt healthy lifestyle behavior to improve feelings of energy and fatigue in the face of a pandemic. During this ongoing global health crisis, these findings present novel and important evidence with possible immediate applications for health behavior, such as informing already-established health behavior theories to, ultimately, design COVID-19-specific interventions.
Grit被认为是疲劳的另一端,与能量感有关。在新冠肺炎大流行期间,毅力与积极的健康相关行为有关,已知这些行为会影响能量和疲劳感。本研究的目的是确定在美国新冠肺炎大流行的早期阶段,毅力、久坐时间、体力活动(PA)以及精神和体力感受(ME、PE)和疲劳(MF、PF)之间的关系。参与者(n=859)完成了一次调查。使用一系列多变量回归模型,我们评估了毅力、久坐时间、PA和ME、MF、PE和PF之间的关系。考虑到所有因素,进行剧烈的PA与PE和ME呈正相关,与PF和MF呈负相关,而久坐与PE和ME呈负相关且与PF和MF呈正相关。grit与这四种情绪无关。研究结果强调,在面对疫情时,需要采取健康的生活方式来改善精力和疲劳感。在这场持续的全球健康危机中,这些发现提供了新的重要证据,可能会立即应用于健康行为,例如为已经建立的健康行为理论提供信息,以最终设计针对COVID-19的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Reasoned action approach to analyze differences in athletes' physical activity during COVID-19 分析COVID-19期间运动员体育活动差异的理性行动方法
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1132
O. Branson, Karly S. Geller, Paul Branscum
The purpose of this study was to examine the reasoned action approach (RAA) in relation to the impact of COVID-19 on college athletes’ physical activity (PA). Participants were college athletes (ages 18-22 years) who were involved in university, club, and/or intramural sport. The RAA constructs were measured for the three different types of PA behaviors. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and multiple regression analyses to evaluate the RAA determinants of PA intentions. Results partially supported theoretical expectations. All RAA constructs had an impact on perceived norms indicating a dominant influence. Remote social interaction/training during isolation periods are suggested to promote sustained conditioning among college athletes.
本研究的目的是检验合理行动方法(RAA)与COVID-19对大学运动员身体活动(PA)的影响的关系。参与者是参加大学、俱乐部和/或校内运动的大学运动员(年龄在18-22岁)。对三种不同类型PA行为的RAA构念进行了测量。统计分析包括方差分析和多元回归分析,以评估RAA对PA意图的决定因素。结果部分支持理论预期。所有的RAA构念都对知觉规范有影响,表明具有显性影响。建议在隔离期间进行远程社会互动/训练,以促进大学生运动员的持续适应。
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引用次数: 0
A Qualitative Investigation of Individual, Interpersonal, and Institutional Contributions to Postpartum Work-Family Balance 对产后工作家庭平衡的个人、人际和制度贡献的定性调查
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1144
Sidney Smith, Laura M Schwab Reese, Kilian Kelly, Tessa Bauman, Madison Wierenga, Anna Bohning, A. DeMaria
Managing personal and professional responsibilities may be challenging during the postpartum period, as employees navigate new roles, responsibilities, and family dynamics. The purpose of this paper was to understand the work/life balance experiences of diverse stakeholders and identify opportunities to improve the work environment. We conducted a series of in-depth focus groups with faculty, staff, and graduate students (n = 22), and in-depth interviews with administrators (n = 10) at a research-intensive university in the United States. A six-phase thematic analysis approach was used to examine the experiences and perspectives of individuals with different roles. Three themes with subsequent subthemes emerged: 1) employee role shapes perspectives on campus policies and practices; 2) confusion about policies exacerbates return-to-work issues; and 3) coworkers and supervisors are the primary sources of postpartum support in this workplace. Employees in our study expressed strong desires for clear, consistent institutional policies to ensure employees’ postpartum return-to-work experiences were not dependent on informal arrangements with coworkers and supervisors. Faculty, staff, and graduate student postpartum needs are shaped by individual, interpersonal, and community factors. Clear communication between individuals who make policy decisions and those who are subject to the policies may reduce employee issues during the postpartum period.
在产后期间,管理个人和职业责任可能具有挑战性,因为员工要适应新的角色、责任和家庭动态。本文的目的是了解不同利益相关者的工作/生活平衡经验,并确定改善工作环境的机会。我们对美国一所研究型大学的教职员工和研究生进行了一系列深入的焦点小组调查(n = 22),并对管理人员进行了深入访谈(n = 10)。采用六阶段专题分析方法来考察不同角色的个人的经验和观点。三个主题和随后的子主题出现了:1)员工角色塑造对校园政策和实践的看法;2)对政策的困惑加剧了重返工作岗位的问题;3)在这个工作场所,同事和主管是产后支持的主要来源。在我们的研究中,员工表达了对清晰、一致的制度政策的强烈愿望,以确保员工产后重返工作岗位的经历不依赖于与同事和主管的非正式安排。教师、职员和研究生的产后需求受到个人、人际和社区因素的影响。制定政策的人与受政策影响的人之间的清晰沟通可能会减少产后员工的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Low-Income Hispanic Adults: A Feasibility and Pilot Assessment 在低收入西班牙裔成年人中测量促炎和抗炎生物标志物:可行性和初步评估
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1143
Charles F. Hodgman, E. LaVoy, C. Johnston, Ezemenari M. Obasi, Rosenda Murillo, Sandra Yan, D. O'Connor, Lorna H. McNeill, Lorraine R. Reitzel, D. Hernandez
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引用次数: 0
A reasoned action approach to pregnant smokers’ intention to switch to e-cigarettes: Does educational attainment influence theory application? 怀孕吸烟者转向电子烟意向的理性行为研究:教育程度是否影响理论应用?
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1141
Eric D. Schisler, Paul Branscum, Lydia Buckley, Rebecca McCann, Emily Richardson, Abbie Luzius, P. Dobbs
Social determinant research has noted educational attainment to be among the strongest influencing factors for tobacco use during pregnancy. Concurrently, maternal e-cigarette use has doubled in recent years, with some citing it as a safer alternative to combustible cigarettes. To better understand the decision-making practices of pregnant persons based on educational attainment, the reasoned action approach (RAA) was used to evaluate factors that may be associated with the intention to switch from cigarettes to e-cigarettes. A sample of U.S. pregnant persons (n = 267) between 18-40 years of age, who smoked at least one cigarette in the past 30 days, completed an online survey about switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes. RAA constructs (e.g., intentions, instrumental attitudes, etc.) were measured using a pre-validated scale. Using structural equation modeling, the variability of latent variables (i.e., RAA constructs) and their interaction with one another were analyzed by educational attainment via two regression models: one for those who had college experience or had completed a college degree and another for those who had not attended college. Instrumental attitudes, experiential attitudes, and descriptive norms were significantly associated with intention to switch from cigarettes to e-cigarettes among both groups; however, autonomy was only significantly associated with intention among those who had not attended college. The RAA offers a valuable framework for understanding pregnant persons’ decision to switch from cigarettes to e-cigarettes during pregnancy; however, the RAA constructs may be related to intentions differently based on upstream factors, such as educational attainment.
社会决定因素研究指出,受教育程度是怀孕期间吸烟的最重要影响因素之一。与此同时,近年来,孕妇使用电子烟的人数翻了一番,一些人认为电子烟比可燃香烟更安全。为了更好地了解孕妇基于受教育程度的决策实践,我们使用了理性行动方法(RAA)来评估可能与从香烟转向电子烟的意图相关的因素。在过去30天内至少吸过一支烟的18-40岁的美国孕妇样本(n = 267)完成了一项关于从香烟转向电子烟的在线调查。RAA构念(如意图、工具性态度等)使用预先验证的量表进行测量。利用结构方程模型,通过两个回归模型分析潜在变量(即RAA结构)的可变性及其相互作用,通过教育程度进行分析:一个是针对有大学经历或完成大学学位的人,另一个是针对没有上过大学的人。在两组中,工具态度、经验态度和描述性规范与从香烟转向电子烟的意图显著相关;然而,只有那些没有上过大学的人的自主性与意愿有显著的联系。RAA为理解孕妇在怀孕期间从香烟转向电子烟的决定提供了一个有价值的框架;然而,基于上游因素(如受教育程度),RAA结构可能与意向有不同的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Physical Pain and Participation in Organized Activities Among U.S. Adolescents 美国青少年的身体疼痛和参与有组织的活动
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1145
Kayleigh A Gregory, Keith A King, Rebecca A. Vidourek, A. Merianos
Chronic physical pain is a public health problem among adolescents in the United States. One important consideration for adolescent healthy development is participation in organized activities. Therefore, the study objective was to examine the associations between repeated or chronic physical pain and participation in organized activities overall and by activity type including sports, clubs, and other organized activities (e.g., dance) among U.S. adolescents. This secondary analysis utilized the 2018-2019 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) combined two-year dataset, and included 24,680 adolescents ages 12-17 years. We conducted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses to examine the relationships between adolescent physical pain and participation in organized activities overall and by type (sports, clubs, other organized activities). Nearly 14% of adolescents had physical pain in the past 12-months. Unadjusted logistic regression model results indicated that adolescents with physical pain were less likely to participate in organized activities (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66, 0.99) compared to adolescents without physical pain. Concerning specific organized activity type, unadjusted (OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.61, 0.86) and adjusted (aOR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.70, 0.99) model results indicated that adolescents with physical pain were less likely to participate in sports compared to adolescents without physical pain. The current study found that adolescents with physical pain had lower odds of overall participation in organized activities, and specifically sports, when compared to adolescents without physical pain. Findings should be considered when developing and implementing pain prevention and treatment programming for adolescents in school and community settings.
慢性身体疼痛是美国青少年的一个公共健康问题。青少年健康发展的一个重要考虑因素是参加有组织的活动。因此,本研究的目的是研究美国青少年中反复或慢性身体疼痛与参与有组织活动之间的关系,并按活动类型包括体育、俱乐部和其他有组织活动(如舞蹈)。这项二次分析利用了2018-2019年全国儿童健康调查(NSCH)结合两年的数据集,包括24,680名12-17岁的青少年。我们进行了未调整和调整的逻辑回归分析,以检验青少年身体疼痛与参与有组织活动之间的关系,包括总体和类型(体育、俱乐部、其他有组织活动)。近14%的青少年在过去12个月有过身体疼痛。未经调整的logistic回归模型结果显示,与没有身体疼痛的青少年相比,有身体疼痛的青少年更不可能参加有组织的活动(优势比[OR] = 0.81, 95%可信区间[CI] = 0.66, 0.99)。关于具体的组织活动类型,未调整(OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.61, 0.86)和调整(aOR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.70, 0.99)的模型结果表明,与没有身体疼痛的青少年相比,有身体疼痛的青少年更不愿意参加体育活动。目前的研究发现,与没有身体疼痛的青少年相比,有身体疼痛的青少年参与有组织活动,特别是体育活动的几率更低。在学校和社区为青少年制定和实施疼痛预防和治疗规划时,应考虑这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the Influences of COVID-19 Information Avoidance and Uncertainty on Perceived Severity of the Pandemic: Applications from the Health Belief Model and Weick’s Model of Organizing 研究COVID-19信息回避和不确定性对大流行严重程度感知的影响——来自健康信念模型和Weick组织模型的应用
Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1151
Xuewei Chen, Jati Ariati, Ming Li, Gary L. Kreps
Public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have been insufficient at keeping the virus from spreading rapidly and threatening public health around the globe. Not only has society been challenged by biomedical issues of disease contagion, infection, morbidity, and mortality, but has also confronted complex cognitive challenges to making sense of this health threat, especially related to accurately evaluating and responding appropriately to the severity of the pandemic. Perceived severity is an important cognitive factor associated with public willingness to adopt needed prevention, protection, and treatment behaviors for responding to serious health risks, like COVID-19. Information avoidance and uncertainty are important constructs from powerful public health and communication theories, including the health belief model and Weick’s model of organizing, that guide this study by describing how information influences responses to health threats. We used survey data collected from 561 college students to clarify the relationships among information avoidance, beliefs about unpredictability, and the perceived severity of COVID-19. We found that higher information avoidance was associated with lower perceived severity, and that this association depended on people’s unpredictability beliefs. Specifically, for those who had low assessments about unpredictability, we observed a strong negative association between information avoidance and perceived severity. Among those who had high perceived unpredictability levels, we observed a weak negative association between information avoidance and perceived severity. This study evaluates influences of information avoidance and uncertainty on perceived severity of COVID-19. The findings can help guide strategies for enhancing public response to this pandemic and future health threats.
对COVID-19大流行的公共卫生应对措施不足以阻止该病毒在全球范围内迅速传播并威胁公共卫生。社会不仅受到疾病传染、感染、发病率和死亡率等生物医学问题的挑战,而且还面临着理解这种健康威胁的复杂认知挑战,特别是与准确评估和适当应对大流行的严重程度有关。感知严重性是一个重要的认知因素,与公众是否愿意采取必要的预防、保护和治疗行为来应对COVID-19等严重健康风险相关。信息回避和不确定性是来自强大的公共卫生和传播理论的重要结构,包括健康信念模型和Weick的组织模型,它们通过描述信息如何影响对健康威胁的反应来指导本研究。我们使用从561名大学生中收集的调查数据来澄清信息回避、对不可预测性的信念与COVID-19感知严重程度之间的关系。我们发现,较高的信息回避与较低的感知严重性相关,而这种关联取决于人们的不可预测性信念。具体来说,对于那些对不可预测性评估较低的人,我们观察到信息回避和感知严重性之间存在强烈的负相关。在那些感知不可预测性水平较高的人中,我们观察到信息回避与感知严重性之间存在微弱的负相关。本研究评估了信息回避和不确定性对COVID-19感知严重程度的影响。研究结果有助于指导加强公众应对这一流行病和未来健康威胁的战略。
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引用次数: 2
Developing Professional Identity and Networks at Conferences 在会议上发展专业身份和网络
Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1170
A. Merianos, M. Smith, H. Goltz
Abstract Professional conferences play an important role in the development of health behavior researchers. These venues are essential for applying academic coursework and advancing or strengthening skills in professional settings. Attending meetings enables students and early career scholars to interact with researchers and practitioners in the field for the purposes of sharing research findings, discussing practice strategies, and exploring career options through networking opportunities. Conference experiences can be enhanced by proper planning and execution before, during, and after the event. This editorial provides recommendations to junior conference attendees related to a variety of topics including time management, presentation etiquette, networking, locating mentors, and post-meeting follow-up procedures. Abstract Professional conferences play an important role in the development of health behavior researchers. These venues are essential for applying academic coursework and advancing or strengthening skills in professional settings. Attending meetings enables students and early career scholars to interact with researchers and practitioners in the field for the purposes of sharing research findings, discussing practice strategies, and exploring career options through networking opportunities. Conference experiences can be enhanced by proper planning and execution before, during, and after the event. This editorial provides recommendations to junior conference attendees related to a variety of topics including time management, presentation etiquette, networking, locating mentors, and post-meeting follow-up procedures.
专业会议对健康行为研究者的发展起着重要的作用。这些场所对于应用学术课程和提高或加强专业设置中的技能是必不可少的。参加会议使学生和早期职业学者能够与该领域的研究人员和实践者进行互动,以分享研究成果,讨论实践策略,并通过网络机会探索职业选择。通过在会议之前、期间和之后进行适当的规划和执行,可以增强会议体验。这篇社论为初级与会者提供了各种主题的建议,包括时间管理、演讲礼仪、网络、寻找导师和会后跟进程序。专业会议对健康行为研究者的发展起着重要的作用。这些场所对于应用学术课程和提高或加强专业设置中的技能是必不可少的。参加会议使学生和早期职业学者能够与该领域的研究人员和实践者进行互动,以分享研究成果,讨论实践策略,并通过网络机会探索职业选择。通过在会议之前、期间和之后进行适当的规划和执行,可以增强会议体验。这篇社论为初级与会者提供了各种主题的建议,包括时间管理、演讲礼仪、网络、寻找导师和会后跟进程序。
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引用次数: 0
Disruptive Momentum: The Value of Implementing Best Practices in Health Research Postdoctoral Mentorship 颠覆性动力:实施健康研究最佳实践的价值博士后导师制
Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1150
Kelley Arredondo, Hilary Touchett, N. Kamdar, N. Hundt, Jennifer L. Bryan
COVID-19 called attention to the challenges postdoctoral fellows in health research face when they have times of prolonged disruption or changes in work conditions; this disruption revealed key insights on how mentors, fellows, and their institutions can work together to ensure training continuity. To prepare strong scientists, postdoctoral fellowships need mentoring, training, and networking opportunities to enhance fellows’ professional and skill development. In this article we outline potential solutions to minimize the impact of disruptions while promoting adaptable postdoctoral fellowship experiences by addressing how mentors and fellows alike can intervene on three key aspects of fellowships in health research: mentorship, training, and networking.
2019冠状病毒病呼吁关注卫生研究博士后在长期中断或工作条件变化时面临的挑战;这种中断揭示了导师、研究员及其机构如何共同努力以确保培训连续性的关键见解。为了培养强大的科学家,博士后奖学金需要指导、培训和交流机会,以加强研究员的专业和技能发展。在本文中,我们概述了潜在的解决方案,以尽量减少中断的影响,同时通过解决导师和研究员如何在健康研究奖学金的三个关键方面进行干预,促进适应性强的博士后奖学金体验:指导、培训和网络。
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引用次数: 0
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Health behavior research
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