Health behavior research最新文献_第10页

Front Matter - Winter 2019 前沿问题- 2019年冬季

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1081

引用次数: 0

A Model for Research-Based Mentorship and Professional Development 基于研究的导师制与专业发展模式

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1080

Matthew Lee Smith

This article has no abstract. It serves as the editorial/overview for the special issue on mentorship. However, rather than simply introducing the special issue, a mentorship model is provided. As such, a commentary article type was selected.

这篇文章没有摘要。它是关于导师制的特刊的编辑/综述。然而，不是简单地介绍特刊，而是提供了一种导师制模式。因此，选择了一种评论文章类型。

引用次数: 0

Food Insecurity as a Predictor of Hurricane Exposure among Underserved Adolescents 食物不安全是服务不足青少年受飓风影响的预测因素

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1047

Katherine R. Arlinghaus, D. Hernandez, C. Johnston

Low-income populations are at increased risk for experiencing negative hurricane exposures and food insecurity. However, little is known regarding how pre-hurricane food insecurity experiences are related to youth hurricane exposure. This study examined the types of hurricane disaster exposures low-income, ethnic minority adolescents experienced during Hurricane Harvey and examined the association between food insecurity and hurricane exposure. Low-income adolescents (n = 185) were recruited from a Houston-area school district. Two days before the hurricane, food insecurity was assessed. Adolescents with at least one affirmative answer on the 9-item USDA Child Food Security Survey Module were classified as food insecure. Adolescents self-reported hurricane exposure three weeks post-hurricane using both the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Hurricane and Assessment Referral Tool and Survey of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees. Affirmative answers to lacking access to food, water, or medicine, being rescued, home damage, and displacement were each given a score of one and summed to create an overall hurricane exposure score. A covariate-adjusted linear regression model regressed overall hurricane exposure onto food insecurity. Separate covariate-adjusted logistic regression models were performed where each individual hurricane exposure was regressed onto food insecurity. Prior to the hurricane, 46% of adolescents experienced food insecurity and 43% experienced hurricane exposure. Prehurricane food insecurity (p = 0.004) and being foreign born (p = 0.033) were associated with increased hurricane exposure. Adolescents who experienced food insecurity had 132% higher odds of lacking access to fresh water (p = 0.047) and 105% higher odds of lacking access to food (p = 0.034) during the hurricane. Food insecurity and immigrant status appear to be at-risk indicators for hurricane exposure. Schools serving underserved adolescents could consider assessing food security and immigration status as part of disaster preparedness programs.

低收入人群遭受飓风负面影响和粮食不安全的风险越来越大。然而，关于飓风前的粮食不安全经历与青少年飓风暴露之间的关系，人们知之甚少。本研究考察了低收入、少数民族青少年在飓风哈维期间经历的飓风灾害暴露类型，并考察了粮食不安全与飓风暴露之间的关系。来自休斯顿地区学区的低收入青少年(n = 185)被招募。飓风发生前两天，对粮食不安全状况进行了评估。在美国农业部儿童食品安全调查模块的9个项目中，至少有一个肯定答案的青少年被归类为食品不安全。使用国家儿童创伤压力网络飓风和评估转诊工具和卡特里娜飓风撤离者调查，青少年在飓风后三周自我报告飓风暴露。对缺乏食物、水或药品、被救援、房屋受损和流离失所等问题的肯定回答，每项都打1分，并将其相加，形成一个总体飓风暴露得分。协变量调整的线性回归模型回归了总体飓风暴露与粮食不安全的关系。单独的协变量调整逻辑回归模型，其中每个飓风暴露回归到粮食不安全。在飓风之前，46%的青少年经历过粮食不安全，43%的青少年经历过飓风。飓风前的粮食不安全(p = 0.004)和外国出生(p = 0.033)与飓风暴露增加有关。经历过食物不安全的青少年在飓风期间缺乏淡水的几率高出132% (p = 0.047)，缺乏食物的几率高出105% (p = 0.034)。粮食不安全和移民身份似乎是飓风影响的风险指标。为缺乏服务的青少年提供服务的学校可以考虑评估食品安全和移民身份，作为备灾计划的一部分。

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引用次数: 0

What determines young adults’ attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control towards healthy sleep behaviors? A reasoned action approach 是什么决定了年轻人对健康睡眠行为的态度、感知规范和感知行为控制？合理的行动方法

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1046

Paul Branscum, K. Fay

A common limitation to the design of public health sleep interventions is the overall lack of using theory. Previous researchers have utilized the theory of planned behavior and the reasoned action approach (RAA) to predict healthy sleep behaviors, however much of this research was done using reflective (or generalized) measures, which alone is likely inadequate to equip health practitioners with tangible information they can use to translate theory into practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use formative (or belief-based) measures of the RAA to evaluate the determinants of attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) of healthy sleep behaviors among young adults. A survey was distributed via email using a university-wide listserv at a large southwestern university. Participants (n = 310) were on average 19.9 years old (+/-1.6), and reported sleeping five and a half hours (+/-0.7) per night. Associations between formative and reflective RAA measures were overall moderate to strong. Thinking clearly (r = 0.55; p < 0.001) was the strongest determinant of attitudes; friends (r = 0.27; p < 0.001) was the strongest referent of injunctive norms; children (r = 0.14; p < 0.05) was the strongest referent of descriptive norms; and having a lot of homework/studying (r = -0.25; p < 0.001) was the strongest determinant of PBC. Understanding the determinants of attitudes, perceived norms, and PBC will help health practitioners bridge the gap between theory and practice, and provide relevant information to aid in the development of effective public health sleep interventions.

公共卫生睡眠干预措施设计的一个常见局限性是总体缺乏使用理论。先前的研究人员已经利用计划行为理论和理性行动方法（RAA）来预测健康的睡眠行为，然而，这项研究的大部分都是使用反思（或广义）措施进行的，仅凭这些措施可能不足以为健康从业者提供可用于将理论转化为实践的有形信息。因此，本研究的目的是使用RAA的形成性（或基于信念的）测量来评估年轻人健康睡眠行为的态度、感知规范和感知行为控制（PBC）的决定因素。一项调查是通过电子邮件在西南一所大型大学的全大学列表服务器上发布的。参与者（n=310）平均19.9岁（+/-1.6），据报道每晚睡5个半小时（+/-0.7）。形成性和反思性RAA测量之间的关联总体上是中等到强烈的。思维清晰（r=0.55；p<0.001）是态度的最强决定因素；朋友（r＝0.27；p＜0.001）是禁令规范的最强参照；儿童（r=0.14；p<0.05）是描述性规范的最强参照；并且有大量的家庭作业/学习（r＝-0.25；p＜0.001）是PBC的最强决定因素。了解态度、感知规范和PBC的决定因素将有助于卫生从业者弥合理论和实践之间的差距，并提供相关信息来帮助制定有效的公共卫生睡眠干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Adult Food Insecurity is Associated with Heavier Weight Preferences among Black Women 成人食品不安全与黑人女性的体重偏好有关

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1066

Layton Reesor-Oyer, Nadia Garcia Marroquin, D. Hernandez

Food insecurity is related to overweight/obesity among women. However, it is unknown whether food insecurity impacts individuals’ desired body composition, and whether this relationship differs by race/ ethnicity similar to perceived ideal weight status. This study aims to evaluate whether food insecurity is related to elevated preferred weight status (e.g., overweight/obese versus normal weight) among black, white, and Hispanic women classified as overweight/obese. Four waves of NHANES data (2007–2014) were merged and yielded a total of 907 black, 1,271 white, and 1,005 Hispanic non-pregnant adult (age 20 to 59) women classified as overweight/obese. Participants self-reported their preferred weight status, adult-level food security, and demographic covariates. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression models stratified by race/ethnicity evaluated the role of food insecurity related to preferred weight status. Among black women, those who were food insecure were at 51% increased odds of preferring an overweight/ obese weight status (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.08 – 2.13; p = .02) relative to their food secure counterparts. Among white and Hispanic women, those who were food insecure had similar odds of preferring an overweight/obese weight status (White: OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.68 – 1.71; p = .76; Hispanic: OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.66 – 1.37; p = .77) relative to their food secure counterparts. Food insecurity results in the desire to be heavier among black women classified as overweight/obese. However, it does not impact white and Hispanic women classified as overweight/obese. Practitioners must consider weight preferences prior to providing obesity prevention information, particularly among food insecure black women.

粮食不安全与妇女超重/肥胖有关。然而，目前尚不清楚粮食不安全是否会影响个人期望的身体组成，以及这种关系是否因种族/民族而异，类似于感知的理想体重状况。本研究旨在评估食物不安全是否与被归类为超重/肥胖的黑人、白人和西班牙裔女性的首选体重状态升高(例如，超重/肥胖与正常体重)有关。合并了四波NHANES数据(2007-2014)，共得出907名黑人、1271名白人和1005名西班牙裔非怀孕成年(20至59岁)女性被归类为超重/肥胖。参与者自我报告了他们喜欢的体重状况、成人水平的食物保障和人口统计协变量。按种族/民族分层的协变量调整逻辑回归模型评估了粮食不安全与首选体重状态相关的作用。在黑人女性中，那些食物不安全的人倾向于超重/肥胖体重状态的几率增加了51% (OR: 1.51;95% ci: 1.08 - 2.13;P = .02)。在白人和西班牙裔女性中，食物不安全的女性倾向于超重/肥胖的几率相似(白人:OR: 1.07;95% ci: 0.68 - 1.71;P = .76;西班牙裔:OR: 0.95;95% ci: 0.66 - 1.37;P = .77)。食物不安全导致被归类为超重/肥胖的黑人女性想要更胖。然而，这并不影响被归类为超重/肥胖的白人和西班牙裔女性。从业者在提供预防肥胖信息之前必须考虑体重偏好，特别是在食物不安全的黑人妇女中。

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引用次数: 0

Using Complex, Multi-Sectoral Data in a Needs Assessment to Inform Future Strategies in Childhood Asthma Management 在需求评估中使用复杂的多部门数据为儿童哮喘管理的未来战略提供信息

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1037

L. Raun, D. Persse, Gwendolyn Johnson, K. Ensor, Elizabeth Stevenson, M. Valerio, Erin K. Caton, L. Campos, H. Farber

The purpose of this needs assessment was to study the current state of asthma management in high-risk children in Houston, Texas to inform a theory-based approach to improving asthma management. The mixed-method assessment included multi-sectoral survey, quantitative, and geospatial data that address a range of social and community factors in family, community, home, and medical contexts. Houston Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provided ambulance-treated asthma data mapped by geographic area to identify where childhood asthma management was weakest. Texas Children’s Health Plan (TCHP) provided medication compliance rates and counts of children by zip code that TCHP considered high-risk according to claims data. Houston Independent School District (HISD) provided school nurse survey results from schools with high-rates of ambulance-treated asthma attacks regarding local barriers to asthma management. Elementary schools with children at highest risk were identified by overlaying the EMS data, TCHP data, and HISD school zone boundaries. Survey results from the high-rate schools indicate the priority challenges to childhood asthma management, including lack of resources, lack of communication, lack of knowledge of triggers, and inadequate time for quality care from providers. By weaving together EMS, TCHP, and HISD data, the needs assessment informed a socio-ecological view of gaps in high-risk childhood asthma management and control, specifically where and what to target. An assessment approach with multi-sectoral data, geospatial mapping, nurse input, current systems of care, education, and funding helped focus planning on a practical approach to asthma control solutions for high-risk children.

该需求评估的目的是研究德克萨斯州休斯顿高危儿童哮喘管理的现状，为改进哮喘管理提供基于理论的方法。混合方法评估包括多部门调查、定量和地理空间数据，这些数据涉及家庭、社区、家庭和医疗环境中的一系列社会和社区因素。休斯顿紧急医疗服务中心（EMS）提供了按地理区域绘制的救护车治疗哮喘数据，以确定儿童哮喘管理最薄弱的地方。根据索赔数据，德克萨斯州儿童健康计划（TCHP）按邮政编码提供了药物依从率和TCHP认为高风险的儿童人数。休斯顿独立学区（HISD）提供了来自救护车治疗哮喘发作率高的学校的学校护士调查结果，这些结果涉及当地哮喘管理的障碍。通过叠加EMS数据、TCHP数据和HISD学区边界，确定儿童风险最高的小学。来自高比率学校的调查结果表明，儿童哮喘管理面临着优先挑战，包括缺乏资源、缺乏沟通、缺乏对诱因的了解，以及提供者提供优质护理的时间不足。通过将EMS、TCHP和HISD数据交织在一起，需求评估为高危儿童哮喘管理和控制方面的差距提供了社会生态学观点，特别是在哪里以及针对什么。采用多部门数据、地理空间地图、护士投入、当前护理、教育和资金系统的评估方法，有助于将规划重点放在为高危儿童提供哮喘控制解决方案的实用方法上。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting Adult and Emerging Adult Women on Possible Psychosocial and Behavioral Correlates of Short-Term Weight Loss 成年女性和新兴成年女性短期减肥可能的心理、社会和行为相关性的对比

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1058

J. Annesi, Ping H. Johnson

Physical activity could be associated with psychosocial correlates of changes in eating behaviors required for weight loss. This field investigation assessed relationships of physical activity with early changes in psychosocial variables such as depression, fatigue, and body satisfaction; and their effect on fruit/vegetable and sweets intake and weight change. Emerging adult women from a university setting (Mage = 20.4 years, SD = 2.0; n = 36) and adult women from a community health-promotion setting (Mage = 45.6 years, SD = 7.3; n = 36), participating in the same cognitive-behavioral weight-loss program that initiated physical activity prior to nutrition changes, were first contrasted on measures of physical activity, psychosocial changes, eating changes, and weight; then on their theory-based interrelations. The emerging adult women had significantly higher baseline scores on depression and physical activity, and significantly lower scores on fruit/vegetable intake. Improvements over 3 months in the psychosocial and behavioral variables and weight were significant, but did not significantly differ by group. Weight loss means were -3.89 kg and -4.16 kg, respectively. Using aggregated data, serial mediation analyses identified a significant path from change in physical activity, to change in depression, to change in intake of sweets, to change in weight. Paths were also significant when improvement in tension and fatigue was entered as the psychosocial variable. Age group did not moderate those relationships. Findings improved understandings of age effects, and interrelations of psychosocial and behavioral predictors of short-term weight loss that could help longer-term treatment targets.

体育活动可能与减肥所需的饮食行为变化的心理社会相关性有关。这项实地调查评估了体育活动与心理社会变量（如抑郁、疲劳和身体满意度）早期变化的关系；以及它们对水果/蔬菜和糖果摄入量和体重变化的影响。来自大学环境的新兴成年女性（Mage=20.4岁，SD=2.0；n=36）和来自社区健康促进环境的成年女性（Mage=45.6岁，SD=7.3；n=36，饮食变化和体重；然后基于它们基于理论的相互关系。新兴成年女性在抑郁和体育活动方面的基线得分显著较高，在水果/蔬菜摄入方面的得分显著较低。心理社会和行为变量以及体重在3个月内的改善是显著的，但各组之间没有显著差异。平均减重量分别为-3.89公斤和-4.16公斤。利用汇总数据，一系列中介分析确定了从体力活动的变化到抑郁的变化、糖果摄入量的变化和体重的变化的重要途径。当将紧张和疲劳的改善作为心理社会变量时，路径也很重要。年龄组并没有缓和这些关系。研究结果提高了对年龄影响的理解，以及短期减肥的心理社会和行为预测因素的相互关系，这可能有助于长期治疗目标。

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引用次数: 3

The Mechanism of Theory-based HIV Behavioral Intervention on Condom Use among Rural-to-urban Migrants in China: The Mediating Roles of HIV Knowledge and Condom Use Self-efficacy 基于理论的艾滋病行为干预对中国农民工安全套使用的影响机制:艾滋病知识和安全套使用自我效能感的中介作用

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1045

Chengbo Zeng, Xiaoming Li, Hongfei Du, D. Lin

Previous studies have suggested HIV knowledge and self-efficacy are important cognitive factors that might influence condom use behaviors. However, data were limited regarding their mediating effects on condom use during behavioral interventions. This study examined the mechanistic roles of these two factors on the effect of a community-based intervention aiming to increase condom use behaviors and intention among young rural-to-urban migrants in China. Data were derived from a community-based HIV behavioral intervention trial among 639 young sexually active rural-to-urban migrants in Beijing, China. Path analyses were used to examine the direct and indirect effects of the intervention program on condom use behaviors and intention over a 12-month follow-up. HIV knowledge and condom use selfefficacy at 6-month follow-up served as mediators in models. Path analyses revealed that intervention program increased condom use behaviors at 12 months through the increase of HIV knowledge at 6 months. Likewise, the intervention program increased condom use intention through the increases of HIV knowledge and condom use self-efficacy. The results suggested HIV knowledge played an important mediating role on the effect of the intervention program on condom use behaviors and intention. Additionally, condom use self-efficacy played an important role in increasing condom use intention. To increase condom use behaviors and intention among migrants, future studies are warranted that focus on improving HIV knowledge and helping migrants overcome cognitive barriers of condom use. Other efforts targeting structural and environmental barriers, such as limited healthcare access due to household registration status, are also needed to increase HIV protective behaviors.

先前的研究表明，艾滋病知识和自我效能感是影响避孕套使用行为的重要认知因素。然而，在行为干预期间，关于它们对避孕套使用的中介作用的数据有限。本研究考察了这两个因素对社区干预效果的机制作用，该干预旨在增加中国农村到城市年轻移民的避孕套使用行为和意愿。数据来源于一项基于社区的HIV行为干预试验，该试验在中国北京的639名性活跃的农村到城市的年轻移民中进行。在12个月的随访中，使用路径分析来检验干预计划对避孕套使用行为和意图的直接和间接影响。在模型中，HIV知识和避孕套使用自我效能在6个月的随访中起中介作用。路径分析显示，干预计划通过增加6个月时的艾滋病知识，增加了12个月时避孕套的使用行为。同样，干预计划通过增加艾滋病知识和避孕套使用自我效能感来提高避孕套的使用意愿。结果表明，艾滋病知识在干预计划对安全套使用行为和意图的影响中起着重要的中介作用。此外，安全套使用自我效能感在提高安全套使用意愿方面发挥了重要作用。为了增加移民使用避孕套的行为和意愿，未来的研究需要重点提高对艾滋病毒的认识，帮助移民克服使用避孕套的认知障碍。还需要针对结构性和环境障碍做出其他努力，例如由于户籍身份导致的医疗保健机会有限，以提高艾滋病毒的保护行为。

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引用次数: 1

Health Literacy and Self-Rated Health among Homeless Adults. 无家可归成年人的健康素养和自我健康评价。

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1055

Chisom Odoh, Jennifer I Vidrine, Michael S Businelle, Darla E Kendzor, Pooja Agrawal, Lorraine R Reitzel

Poor health literacy reduces the efficacy of behavior change interventions, hampers management of health conditions, and attenuates understanding of the prevention and treatment of diseases. Poor health literacy has also been linked to fair/poor self-rated health in domiciled samples; however, there is a paucity of studies on the relation amongst homeless adults, who bear a disproportionate burden of disease and disability and require high level of care and access to health services. Here, we examined the association between health literacy and self-rated health among a convenience sample of homeless adults. Participants were recruited from six homeless-serving agencies in Oklahoma City (N = 575; 63% men, M_age = 43.6±12.3). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between health literacy (confidence completing medical forms: extremely/quite a bit vs somewhat/little bit/not at all) and self-rated health (poor/fair vs good/very good/excellent) controlling for age, subjective social status, education, race, sex, income, health insurance, employment, social security recipient status, diabetes diagnosis, high blood pressure diagnosis, and high cholesterol diagnosis. In the adjusted model, health literate homeless individuals had greater odds of endorsing good/very good/excellent self-rated health compared to those somewhat/a little bit/not at all confident completing medical forms (AOR = 2.02, [CI_95% = 1.35-3.02]). Interventions targeted at adjusting reading level and comprehensibility of health information are needed for homeless individuals with poor/limited health literacy, which may ultimately impact their self-rated health. Shelters and homeless-serving agencies could host classes focused on practical skills for enhancing health literacy and/or provide navigation services.

健康素养差会降低行为改变干预措施的效果，妨碍对健康状况的管理，削弱对疾病预防和治疗的理解。在有住所的样本中，健康素养差也与自我评价健康状况一般/差有关；然而，关于无家可归成年人健康素养差与自我评价健康状况之间关系的研究却很少，因为他们承受着不成比例的疾病和残疾负担，需要高水平的护理和医疗服务。在此，我们研究了方便抽样的无家可归成年人的健康素养与自评健康之间的关系。参与者来自俄克拉荷马市的六个无家可归者服务机构（N = 575；63% 为男性，Mage = 43.6±12.3）。采用逻辑回归法评估健康素养（填写医疗表格的信心：非常有信心/相当有信心 vs 有一点信心/一点信心/完全没有信心）与自评健康状况（差/一般 vs 好/非常好/极好）之间的关系，并对年龄、主观社会地位、教育程度、种族、性别、收入、医疗保险、就业、社会保障领取者身份、糖尿病诊断、高血压诊断和高胆固醇诊断进行了控制。在调整后的模型中，与那些对填写医疗表格有些/有点/完全没有信心的人相比，对健康知识有所了解的无家可归者认可 "好/非常好/极好 "自我健康评价的几率更大（AOR = 2.02，[CI95% = 1.35-3.02]）。对于健康素养较差/有限的无家可归者，需要采取有针对性的干预措施来调整他们的阅读水平和健康信息的可理解性，这可能会最终影响他们的自我健康评价。庇护所和无家可归者服务机构可以举办以提高健康素养的实用技能为重点的课程，并/或提供导航服务。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing Health Behavior Research and Scholarship through Mentorship of First Generation, Underrepresented Undergraduate Students. 促进健康行为研究和奖学金通过指导第一代，代表性不足的本科生。

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1054

Daphne C Hernandez, Lorraine R Reitzel, Isabel Martinez Leal

This article provides perspectives about mentorship of undergraduate mentees from directors of formal, externally-funded training programs within the context of the one of the most ethnically diverse national universities. The authors reflect about their mentorship of first generation and underrepresented undergraduate students and offer recommendations for others training similar students.

这篇文章从正式的、外部资助的培训项目主任的角度，提供了在种族最多样化的国立大学之一的背景下，对本科生学员进行指导的观点。作者反思了他们对第一代和代表性不足的本科生的指导，并为其他培养类似学生的人提供了建议。

引用次数: 1