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The Indirect Effect of Smoking Level in the Association Between Urban Stress and Readiness to Quit Smoking among Adults Experiencing Homelessness. 吸烟水平在城市压力与无家可归成年人戒烟意愿之间的间接影响。
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1175
Carol Wang, Tzuan A Chen, Maggie Britton, Michael S Businelle, Darla E Kendzor, Lorna H McNeill, Lorraine R Reitzel

Over 70% of adults experiencing homelessness are cigarette smokers, a fivefold greater rate than in the general U.S. population. Consequently, tobacco-related conditions are the leading causes of disease and death for this group. Adults experiencing homelessness tend to seek shelter in urban areas. Thus, they not only experience the daily stressors of being homeless, they may additionally experience unique or additive urban stressors (e.g., stress related to using public services, crime and violence, and/or cultural conflicts with others). For some smokers, stress is known to increase smoking rates and decrease readiness to quit smoking. Likewise, increased smoking rates alone may lead to a lower likelihood of making a quit attempt. The current study examined the potential mediating role of smoking level in the association of urban stress and quit readiness among adults experiencing homelessness (N=411). Two multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that urban stress was positively associated with smoking level (p = 0.02). The odds ratio for one-unit increase in stress was 1.047 (CI.95:1.014, 1.082) for being a heavy vs. non-daily smoker. Furthermore, analyses revealed smoking level mediated the effect of stress on quit readiness (ab= -0.005, CI.95:-0.010, -0.002]). Homeless smokers who report high levels of stress might smoke at higher levels, which could attenuate quit readiness.

在无家可归的成年人中,超过70%的人吸烟,这一比例是美国总人口的五倍。因此,与烟草有关的病症是这一群体患病和死亡的主要原因。无家可归的成年人倾向于在城市地区寻求庇护。因此,他们不仅要经历无家可归的日常压力源,还可能会经历独特或附加的城市压力源(例如,与使用公共服务、犯罪和暴力有关的压力,以及/或与他人的文化冲突)。对于一些吸烟者来说,压力会增加吸烟率,降低戒烟的意愿。同样地,仅仅是吸烟率的增加就可能导致尝试戒烟的可能性降低。目前的研究调查了吸烟水平在城市压力和无家可归的成年人戒烟准备之间的潜在中介作用(N=411)。两项logistic回归分析显示,城市压力与吸烟水平呈正相关(p = 0.02)。重度吸烟者与非吸烟者的压力单位增加的优势比为1.047 (CI.95:1.014, 1.082)。此外,分析显示吸烟水平介导压力对戒烟准备的影响(ab= -0.005, CI.95:-0.010, -0.002)。报告压力大的无家可归吸烟者可能会抽更多的烟,这可能会削弱戒烟的意愿。
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引用次数: 0
Relationships Between Self-regulation and use of Parenting Strategies for Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors Among Mexican-Heritage Mothers 墨西哥传统母亲饮食和体育活动行为自我调节与育儿策略使用的关系
Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1152
Haley Delgado, M. R. Umstattd Meyer, T. Prochnow, M. McClendon, Joseph R. Sharkey
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the use of Social-Media and Exposure to Pornography on the Sexual Behaviour of youths in selected tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria 社交媒体的使用和接触色情制品对尼日利亚西南部选定高等院校青少年性行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1137
O. Olaleye, A. Ajuwon
Abstract Exposure to pornography is fraught with health and social implications. In Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on how youths have been exposed to pornography on social media (SM) and the effects of this on their sexual behaviors (SB). This study described the pattern of SM use, exposure to pornography, and the effects of this exposure on SB of young persons in southwest Nigeria. Two hundred students were randomly selected from two tertiary institutions. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire that explored the respondents’ SM usage pattern, exposure to pornography, and SB. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression. The mean age of respondents was 21.4±2.7. The SM in which most of the respondents had accounts were WhatsApp (96.7%) and Facebook (95.3%). Major sexual-related activities undertaken on SM included watching/ downloading naked pictures (7.0%) and sex videos (13.5%). A majority (92.5%) of the respondents have been inadvertently exposed to pornography, and the major sources of this exposure were SM (59.3%) and web-based Internet pages (61.5%). While only 68.0% have been intentionally exposed, the major sources of exposure were SM (42.3%) and web-based Internet pages (53.3%). About half (48.5%) have experienced sexual intercourse, out of which 17.5% reported having multiple sexual partners. Recent inadvertent (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 1.25-16.4) and intentional (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.8) exposure to pornography were significantly associated with the experience of sexual intercourse. Likewise, recent intentional pornography exposure was significantly associated with having multiple sexual partners (OR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.1-8.6). SM use with exposure to pornography had notable effects on SB of young persons. Effective interventions should be conducted to reduce this exposure and its associated effects among the target
接触色情充斥着健康和社会影响。在奈及利亚,关于青少年如何接触到社交媒体上的色情内容,以及这些内容对他们性行为的影响,资讯匮乏。本研究描述了尼日利亚西南部年轻人使用SM、接触色情内容的模式,以及这种接触对SB的影响。从两所大专院校随机抽取200名学生。使用预测试问卷收集数据,探讨受访者的SM使用模式,色情内容暴露和SB。数据使用描述性统计,卡方和逻辑回归进行分析。受访者的平均年龄为21.4±2.7岁。受访者拥有账户最多的SM是WhatsApp(96.7%)和Facebook(95.3%)。在SM上进行的主要性活动包括观看/下载裸照(7.0%)和性视频(13.5%)。绝大多数(92.5%)的受访者无意中接触过色情内容,其中SM(59.3%)和网页(61.5%)是主要的接触来源。虽然只有68.0%的人故意暴露,但主要的暴露来源是SM(42.3%)和基于web的互联网页面(53.3%)。大约一半(48.5%)的人有过性经历,其中17.5%的人报告有多个性伴侣。近期无意(OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 1.25-16.4)和有意(OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.2-4.8)接触色情与性交经历显著相关。同样,最近有意接触色情内容与拥有多个性伴侣显著相关(OR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.1-8.6)。SM使用与色情接触对青少年SB有显著影响。应采取有效的干预措施,以减少这种接触及其在目标人群中的相关影响
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引用次数: 0
School-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Program for Rural Elementary School Students: A Pilot Study 农村小学生学校营养与体育活动计划的试点研究
Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1147
Shaakira A Jones, Gillian Danze, A. Price, A. Merianos, Matthew Lee Smith
Abstract Children who eat unhealthy diets and engage in limited physical activity are susceptible to adverse health effects, such as obesity. This pilot intervention study examined the immediate impact of a health education program, Get Charmed, which used a short-run incentive program as a strategy for motivating rural elementary school students to learn about physical activity and healthy eating behaviors. We assessed kindergarten through fifth grade students’ knowledge of physical activity, healthy eating, and water consumption, at baseline and immediately following the intervention. Get Charmed is a six-week program geared toward elementary-aged children, with aims to increase participants’ knowledge and awareness around healthier lifestyle behaviors. A pre-post evaluation assessed knowledge about healthy eating, physical activity, and hydration among elementary school-aged children (n = 22) enrolled in grades k-5. Frequencies were calculated for the number of correct responses for each item. A series of Wilcoxon signed rank tests were performed to assess changes in knowledge from baseline to post-test. Average knowledge scores for the 3rd-5th grade students increased from 15.56 (± 1.88) to 16.78 (± 1.20), which was statistically significant (z = -2.41, p = 0.016). Average baseline knowledge for the kindergarten to 2nd grade students increased from 9.54 (± 1.66) to 10.46 (± 0.66). For the kindergarten to 2nd grade students, a statistically significant proportion of participants (six out of 13 participants) increased knowledge (z = -1.98, p = 0.048). Implementing Get Charmed with short-run incentives in rural school-based settings is a practical and economical approach to introducing new foods while increasing rural elementary students’ knowledge in the areas of physical activity, nutrition, and hydration.
饮食不健康和体育活动有限的儿童容易受到不良健康影响,如肥胖。这项试点干预研究考察了健康教育项目Get charm的直接影响,该项目采用短期激励计划作为激励农村小学生学习体育活动和健康饮食行为的策略。我们评估了从幼儿园到五年级学生的身体活动、健康饮食和水消耗的知识,在基线和干预后立即进行。Get enchanted是一个针对小学年龄儿童的为期六周的项目,旨在增加参与者对健康生活方式行为的知识和意识。一项前-后评估评估了在k-5年级的小学学龄儿童(n = 22)中关于健康饮食、身体活动和水合作用的知识。频率是根据每个项目的正确回答数计算出来的。通过一系列的Wilcoxon符号秩检验来评估从基线到测试后知识的变化。三至五年级学生平均知识得分由15.56(±1.88)分上升至16.78(±1.20)分,差异有统计学意义(z = -2.41, p = 0.016)。幼儿园至二年级学生的平均基线知识由9.54(±1.66)上升至10.46(±0.66)。对于幼儿园至二年级的学生,13名参与者中有6名(z = -1.98, p = 0.048)的比例有统计学意义。在农村以学校为基础的环境中实施短期激励措施是一种实用和经济的方法,可以在引入新食品的同时增加农村小学生在体育活动、营养和水合作用方面的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Working with multidisciplinary or non-academic collaborators as mentors 作为导师与多学科或非学术合作者合作
Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1149
L. Giangregorio, N. Tibert, M. Ponzano, David Emond, L. Thabane, Catherine Burns
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引用次数: 0
Mixed-methods assessment of barriers to physical activity for middle school Latina girls 拉丁裔中学女生体育活动障碍的混合方法评估
Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1154
Marisol McDaniel, Ana Sofia Ocegueda, D. Morales-Campos, D. Parra-Medina
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引用次数: 0
On Grand-Mentors and Great-Grand-Mentors: Reflecting on Graduate Program Support for a Multigenerational Mentorship Model 祖辈导师与曾辈导师:对多代师徒模式的研究生项目支持的反思
Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1148
M. Whipps, J. Honoroff, Hope Salvador, H. Yoshikawa, E. Seidman
Abstract Doctoral programs often reflect a formal mentoring project wherein an advisor closely guides a junior scholar through degree completion. But the primary mentor-mentee relationship is only one of many relationships that blossoms during this time. ‘Mosaic’ mentorship models are becoming more common, leading to better outcomes for junior scholars. In this commentary, we reflect on one type of mosaic mentorship model wherein multiple ‘generations’ mentor more junior scholars (and mentor those who are doing the mentoring, too). The authors are five links in this continuing mentorship chain. Together we reflect on what made this style of mentorship a unique and positive experience, and how graduate programs can support their students by encouraging this model.
摘要博士项目通常反映了一个正式的指导项目,其中一名顾问密切指导初级学者完成学位。但主要的导师-学员关系只是这段时间里蓬勃发展的众多关系之一Mosaic的导师制模式越来越普遍,为初级学者带来了更好的结果。在这篇评论中,我们反思了一种马赛克导师模式,即多代人指导更多的初级学者(也指导那些正在指导的人)。作者是这条持续导师链中的五个环节。我们一起思考是什么让这种导师制成为一种独特而积极的体验,以及研究生项目如何通过鼓励这种模式来支持学生。
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引用次数: 0
Lessons Learned from Conducting Health Behavior Research in an Under-Resourced, Urban Community 在资源不足的城市社区开展健康行为研究的经验教训
Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1153
Keri F Kirk, B. Schuler, D. Hernandez
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引用次数: 0
Factors Associated with Standing Desk Use in the Workplace: Implications for Workplace Health Promotion Programs and Interventions 工作场所使用立式办公桌的相关因素:对工作场所健康促进计划和干预措施的影响
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1161
Amanda H. Wilkerson, Ny’Nika McFadden, Nuha Abutalib, Adriana Dragicevic, Shristi Bhochhibhoya, Bushra R. Salous
The purpose of this study was to explore what sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors were associated with standing desk use in the workplace among full-time non-instructional staff at a large, public university in the south-central United States. Data were collected using an online survey in Spring 2019 that contained items to assess sociodemographic variables, psychosocial factors, physical activity, and standing desk use. Participants (n = 381) were predominantly female (79.1%), white (91.7%), and 23.9% used a standing desk. In the binary logistic regression model, sedentary behavior awareness (OR = 1.11; 95% CI:1.04,1.18), self-efficacy (OR = 1.06; 95%CI:1.03,1.10), and salaried staff classification (OR = 1.99; 95%CI:1.19,3.34) were significantly associated with standing desk use (R2 = 0.16; p < .001). Findings from this study not only identify important psychosocial factors that may be targeted in future standing desk-based interventions but also highlight specific subgroups of employees that should be targeted in intervention recruitment.
本研究的目的是探讨美国中南部一所大型公立大学的全职非教学人员在工作场所使用立式办公桌的社会人口学、心理社会和行为因素。数据是通过2019年春季的一项在线调查收集的,该调查包含评估社会人口统计学变量、心理社会因素、体育活动和立式办公桌使用的项目。参与者(n=381)主要是女性(79.1%)、白人(91.7%),23.9%使用立式办公桌。在二元逻辑回归模型中,久坐行为意识(OR=1.11;95%CI:1.04,1.18)、自我效能(OR=1.06;95%CI:1.03,1.10)、,和受薪员工分类(OR=1.99;95%CI:1.19,3.34)与立式办公桌的使用显著相关(R2=0.16;p<.001)。这项研究的结果不仅确定了未来基于立式办公桌干预措施中可能针对的重要心理社会因素,还强调了干预招聘中应针对的特定员工亚组。
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引用次数: 1
Breastfeeding Goal Attainment and Likelihood of Future Breastfeeding: A Test of Self-Affirmation Theory 母乳喂养目标达成与未来母乳喂养的可能性:自我肯定理论的检验
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1131
M. Whipps
Breastfeeding is an important health behavior for pediatric and maternal wellbeing. However, many mothers in the United States do not meet breastfeeding duration guidelines, nor do they meet their own goals for breastfeeding. Non-attainment of breastfeeding goals has implications for the health and wellbeing of future children born into those families. Using publicly available national data, we tested a self-affirmation theory (SAT) hypothesis to explore the complex relationship between breastfeeding goal attainment and intention to breastfeed a future child. We found goal attainment predicted stronger future intention, and that this association was moderated by how highly the mother valued breastfeeding. In line with SAT, we found that failing to meet a breastfeeding goal was more detrimental to future intention for mothers who highly valued breastfeeding than for mothers who did not value breastfeeding as highly. This has implications for theory refinement, intervention development, and intervention targeting.
母乳喂养是儿童和产妇健康的重要行为。然而,在美国,许多母亲没有达到母乳喂养持续时间的指导方针,也没有达到自己的母乳喂养目标。不实现母乳喂养目标对这些家庭未来出生的孩子的健康和福祉有影响。利用公开的国家数据,我们检验了自我肯定理论(SAT)假说,以探索母乳喂养目标的实现与母乳喂养未来孩子的意图之间的复杂关系。我们发现,目标的实现预示着更强烈的未来意图,而这种联系受到母亲对母乳喂养的重视程度的调节。根据SAT,我们发现,与不那么重视母乳喂养的母亲相比,不实现母乳喂养目标对高度重视母乳喂养母亲的未来意图更不利。这对理论完善、干预发展和干预目标具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
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Health behavior research
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