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Associations between Delta-8 THC and Four Loko retail availability in Fort Worth, Texas Delta-8 THC与德克萨斯州沃斯堡四Loko零售可用性之间的关联
Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1195
Cassidy R LoParco, Sofia Olsson, Vishaldeep Sekhon, Kayla K Tillett, Robert A Yockey, Melvin D Livingston, Pamela J Trangenstein, Matthew E Rossheim
Alcohol and cannabis are two of the most widely used substances among young people, and availability and price are two of the most significant determinants of use. Four Loko products contain up to 5.5 standard alcoholic drinks in a single can, are one of the least expensive ready-to-drink alcohol products on the market and are commonly consumed by underage drinkers. Delta-8 THC is a psychoactive substance with no federal regulations regarding minimum purchase age, ingredients and synthesis, marketing, and testing for potency or contaminants. Delta-8 THC products can be inexpensively synthesized and are sold for low prices. Given that young people often use both products, and use of these products can result in negative consequences, it is important to understand whether these products are being sold in the same stores, which would indicate the presence of niche stores marketing high-risk, youth-oriented substances. This study included 360 locations with off-premise beer or beer/wine licenses in Fort Worth, Texas. Locations were called and asked whether they sold Delta-8 THC. Four Loko’s availability was determined using the manufacturer’s website. A logistic regression model examined associations between the availability of Delta-8 THC and Four Loko. Of the 360 locations, 38% sold Four Loko and 9% sold Delta-8 THC. Delta-8 THC availability was significantly associated with higher odds of Four Loko availability (OR=2.15,95%CI=1.05,4.43). Given the associations between the retail availability of Delta-8 THC and Four Loko, policies that limit access to such products, including near schools and in stores that youth patronize, may be warranted.
酒精和大麻是年轻人中使用最广泛的两种物质,可得性和价格是使用的两个最重要决定因素。四种Loko产品在一罐中含有多达5.5种标准酒精饮料,是市场上最便宜的即饮酒精产品之一,通常由未成年饮酒者消费。Delta-8 THC是一种精神活性物质,在最低购买年龄、成分和合成、营销以及效力或污染物测试方面没有联邦法规。Delta-8四氢大麻酚产品合成成本低廉,销售价格低廉。鉴于年轻人经常使用这两种产品,使用这些产品可能会导致负面后果,了解这些产品是否在同一家商店销售是很重要的,这将表明存在销售高风险,面向年轻人的物质的利基商店。这项研究包括了德克萨斯州沃斯堡360家有啤酒或啤酒/葡萄酒许可证的地方。他们打电话给门店询问是否出售德尔塔-8型四氢大麻酚。Four Loko的可用性是通过制造商的网站确定的。逻辑回归模型检验了Delta-8 THC的可用性与Four Loko之间的关联。在360家门店中,有38%售出了Four Loko, 9%售出了Delta-8 THC。Delta-8 THC有效性与Four Loko有效性的较高几率显著相关(OR=2.15,95%CI=1.05,4.43)。考虑到Delta-8 THC和Four Loko之间的联系,可能有必要制定政策,限制这些产品的销售,包括在学校附近和年轻人光顾的商店。
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引用次数: 0
Strategy for Expanding Nutrition Professionals’ Competency: A Pilot Case Study in Dissemination and Implementation Science Training 扩大营养专业人员能力的策略:传播与实施科学培训的试点案例研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1198
Ayron E Walker, Elizabeth A Claydon, Samantha E Scarneo-Miller, Daniel Totzkay, Melissa D. Olfert
Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) science trainings are essential to build knowledge among a variety of current and future health professionals.
传播和实施(D&I)科学培训对于在各种当前和未来的卫生专业人员中建立知识至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Overcoming hesitancy to submit manuscripts for peer review 克服提交稿件供同行评审的犹豫
Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1225
Tyler Prochnow, Bobbie L Johannes, Ashley L Merianos, Juanita-Dawne R Bacsu, Matthew L Smith
Publishing completed research is essential for knowledge dissemination and career advancement, yet many academics experience submission anxiety. Reasons include fear of rejection, imposter syndrome, and perfectionism. This commentary reviews drivers of submission hesitancy and outlines evidence-based strategies to empower manuscript submission. Consequences of delays are detrimental for individual productivity and scientific progress. Indicators of unhelpful rumination during endless revisions include excessive time re-reviewing background literature or endlessly analyzing data. Plagiarism angst can also stall submission. Strategies to promote manuscript submission include setting readiness checklists and timeline goals, seeking mentor perspectives on drafts, forming peer writing groups for accountability, understanding text reuse conventions, viewing peer input as collaborative, and reframing rejection as an expected part of review. While incentives must be reformed, mindset shifts can initiate positive norms amid existing pressures. Scientists have a responsibility to disseminate timely research and can implement techniques to do so.
发表已完成的研究成果对知识传播和职业发展至关重要,但许多学者都经历过提交焦虑。原因包括害怕被拒绝、冒名顶替综合症和完美主义。本评论回顾了提交犹豫的驱动因素,并概述了基于证据的策略,以增强手稿提交能力。延误的后果对个人生产力和科学进步是有害的。在无休止的修订过程中,无益的反思的指标包括过多的时间重新审查背景文献或无休止地分析数据。抄袭焦虑也会拖延提交。促进稿件提交的策略包括制定准备清单和时间表目标,寻求导师对草稿的看法,建立同行写作小组以承担责任,理解文本重用惯例,将同行输入视为协作,并将拒绝重新定义为审查的预期部分。虽然激励机制必须改革,但心态的转变可以在现有压力下启动积极的规范。科学家有责任及时传播研究成果,并且可以为此实施技术。
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引用次数: 0
Alcopops Disproportionately Consumed by Minors in Sexual Assault Cases 未成年人在性侵案件中过度饮用酒精饮料
Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1203
Matthew E Rossheim, Kwynn M Gonzalez-Pons, Kayla Tillett, Ryan D Treffers, Pamela J Trangenstein, Jennifer Lerch, Faye Taxman, Kaylin Greene, Cassidy LoParco, David H Jernigan
Alcohol is present in a large proportion of sexual assault cases. However, research largely overlooks the role that providing alcoholic beverages – particularly those with high-alcohol- content and/or whose flavors mask the taste of alcohol – may have in making young people more vulnerable to being assaulted. This research is especially important given the rise in the availability of sugar-sweetened alcopops and their high-alcohol-content counterparts “supersized alcopops,” which contain up to 5.5 standard alcoholic drinks. In the current study, we examined whether alcopops and supersized alcopops, relative to beer, were involved in disproportionately more sexual assault cases involving victims who were minors (< 18 years old) rather than adults. In this secondary data analysis, we used Nexis Uni to search legal documents for the brands of supersized alcopop (Four Loko), alcopop (Smirnoff Ice), and beer (Bud Light) most commonly consumed by underage drinkers. Inclusion criteria were U.S. sexual assault cases occurring from 2010 to 2019 and involving victims who consumed one of these three alcohol brands. Two researchers coded information from the case facts, compared coding, and reaching consensus. Thirty-six cases were included for analyses. Compared to victims of sexual assault who consumed beer, victims who consumed supersized alcopops or alcopops were significantly more likely to be minors. Similar results were observed after adjusting for the victim being given the alcohol by the perpetrator, which was strongly associated with the victim being a minor. This study provides initial evidence that sexual assault perpetrators may disproportionately use alcopops and supersized alcopops for the sexual victimization of minors.
酒精在性侵犯案件中占很大比例。然而,研究在很大程度上忽视了提供酒精饮料——尤其是那些酒精含量高和/或其味道掩盖了酒精味道的饮料——可能使年轻人更容易受到袭击的作用。考虑到含糖甜酒和高酒精含量的“超大型甜酒”的供应增加,这项研究尤为重要,超大型甜酒含有高达5.5个标准酒精饮料。在目前的研究中,我们研究了相对于啤酒,是否酒精饮料和超大杯酒精饮料在涉及未成年人(< 18岁)而不是成年人的性侵犯案件中所占比例更高。在这一次要数据分析中,我们使用Nexis Uni搜索未成年饮用者最常饮用的超大型酒精饮料(Four Loko)、酒精饮料(Smirnoff Ice)和啤酒(Bud Light)品牌的法律文件。纳入标准是2010年至2019年发生的美国性侵犯案件,涉及饮用这三种酒精品牌之一的受害者。两位研究人员从案例事实中编码信息,比较编码,并达成共识。36例纳入分析。与喝啤酒的性侵犯受害者相比,喝超大杯或酒精饮料的受害者明显更有可能是未成年人。在调整犯罪者给受害者提供酒精后,观察到类似的结果,这与受害者是未成年人密切相关。本研究提供了初步证据,表明性侵犯犯罪者可能不成比例地使用酒精饮料和超大杯酒精饮料对未成年人进行性侵害。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Effects of Weight Loss Associated with a Consistent Volume of Exercise Within Education-Focused vs. Self-Regulation-Focused Obesity Treatments in Women 在以教育为中心与以自我调节为中心的女性肥胖治疗中,体重减轻与持续运动量相关的比较效果
Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1200
James J Annesi
Although exercise is generally included in behavioral weight-management treatments, its association with weight loss cannot be reconciled by its corresponding energy expenditures in formerly low-active adults with obesity. It has been suggested that the self-regulation needed to maintain exercise carries over to more controlled eating (i.e., coaction) and weight loss, with exercise-associated mood improvements also having positive impacts on eating behaviors and weight. To clarify these findings to improve behavioral interventions, women randomly assigned to community-based obesity treatments with either a self-regulation focus (n = 40) or educational focus (n = 25) were included in the present reanalysis of recent data. A requirement for inclusion within the present study was completion of 2 to 5 moderate exercise sessions per week (retrospectively assessed), regardless of treatment condition. Demographic data, weight, self-regulation, and negative mood did not significantly differ, by group, at baseline. Only reduction in weight significantly differed over 6 months, with a more pronounced improvement in the self-regulation-focused group. Changes in both self-regulation and negative mood significantly mediated the relationship between group and weight loss. Further regression analysis indicated that the entry of group significantly added to the prediction of weight change by (a) both self-regulation and mood change, and (b) change in self-regulation alone. For the present adherents to a moderate amount of exercise, improvements in self-regulation and mood explained a considerable amount of the variance (32%–37%) in weight loss over 6 months. However, analyses of effects from additional, possibly related, psychosocial variables based on theory and/or prior research (e.g., self-efficacy, emotional eating) will expand understandings of the value of moderate exercise beyond associated energy expenditures within varied behavioral obesity-treatment foci.
虽然运动通常被包括在行为体重管理治疗中,但它与减肥的关系不能与以前低运动的肥胖成年人相应的能量消耗相协调。有研究表明,维持运动所需的自我调节会延续到更有控制的饮食(即合作)和体重减轻,与运动相关的情绪改善也对饮食行为和体重产生积极影响。为了澄清这些发现以改善行为干预,将女性随机分配到以社区为基础的肥胖治疗中,这些治疗以自我调节为重点(n = 40)或教育为重点(n = 25),并纳入了最近数据的再分析。纳入本研究的要求是每周完成2至5次适度运动(回顾性评估),无论治疗情况如何。人口统计数据、体重、自我调节和消极情绪在基线时各组没有显著差异。在6个月的时间里,只有体重的减少显著不同,自我调节组的改善更为明显。自我调节和负性情绪的变化在组与体重减轻的关系中起着显著的中介作用。进一步的回归分析表明,组的进入显著增加了(a)自我调节和情绪变化以及(b)自我调节单独变化对体重变化的预测。对于目前坚持适度锻炼的人来说,自我调节和情绪的改善解释了6个月内体重减轻的相当大的差异(32%-37%)。然而,基于理论和/或先前研究(例如,自我效能感,情绪性饮食)的其他可能相关的社会心理变量的影响分析将扩大对适度运动的价值的理解,而不仅仅是在各种行为肥胖治疗焦点中相关的能量消耗。
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引用次数: 0
“We have to improve our culture about this”: Family planning decision-making among women and men living in Florence, Italy “我们必须改善我们的文化”:生活在意大利佛罗伦萨的女性和男性的计划生育决策
Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1196
Alyssa Amidei, Taylor Raff, Andrea L. DeMaria
The male condom is the most widely used family planning method in Italy and Southern Europe. Most family planning research is focused on women and, therefore, could be missing significant gender differences in behavior, as male partners play a critical role in decision-making and pregnancy prevention. This study aimed to explore attitudes toward contraceptive methods, including decision-making and desired improvements related to family planning in Italy. Semi- structured interviews with 42 men and women aged 18–50 years (29.1±7.9) living in or near Florence, Italy, were conducted between May and June 2019. Techniques from thematic analysis allowed for a constant comparative approach to contextualize data and identify emergent themes. HyperRESEARCH assisted in data management and analysis. Data resulted in three emerging themes: (1) Family planning decision-making dynamics; (2) Outside sources that influence family planning decision-making; and (3) Desired improvements to family planning. Participants engaged in most forms of family planning methods; however, participants also had knowledge gaps and misinformation about hormonal contraceptive methods' efficacy and long-term health effects. Participants clarified that family, general doctors, and other important persons (i.e., intimate partners) were the primary source of information about family planning methods. Findings offer practical recommendations to guide social marketing and behavior change interventions to increase family planning access among women and men in Italy. Improved messaging strategies could address concerns and knowledge gaps, improving family planning decision-making among couples.
在意大利和南欧,男用避孕套是最广泛使用的计划生育方法。大多数计划生育研究都集中在女性身上,因此可能会忽略行为上的重大性别差异,因为男性伴侣在决策和预防怀孕方面发挥着关键作用。本研究旨在探讨对避孕方法的态度,包括决策和期望改进有关计划生育在意大利。研究人员在2019年5月至6月期间对42名年龄在18-50岁(29.1±7.9)之间居住在意大利佛罗伦萨或其附近的男性和女性进行了半结构化访谈。主题分析的技术允许采用持续的比较方法来将数据置于背景中并确定紧急主题。HyperRESEARCH协助进行数据管理和分析。数据产生了三个新主题:(1)计划生育决策动态;(二)影响计划生育决策的外部来源;(三)提高计划生育水平的意愿。参与大多数形式的计划生育方法;然而,参与者在激素避孕方法的功效和长期健康影响方面也存在知识空白和错误信息。与会者澄清说,家庭、普通医生和其他重要人士(即亲密伴侣)是关于计划生育方法的主要信息来源。研究结果为指导社会营销和行为改变干预措施提供了实用建议,以增加意大利女性和男性的计划生育机会。改进的信息传递策略可以解决人们的担忧和知识差距,改善夫妇之间的计划生育决策。
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引用次数: 0
The Cigarillo Purchase Task: A Qualitative Analysis 雪茄购买任务的定性分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1185
A. Quisenberry, Sarah Koopman Gonzalez, Elizabeth Klein, Erika S. Trapl
Abstract The cigarillo purchase task is a novel procedure modeled after the cigarette purchase task. This procedure can be used to assess the reinforcing value, or the positive behavioral response, to cigarillo products. Little research has used the cigarillo purchase task and the aim of the current study was to evaluate user’s understanding of and thoughts about a cigarillo purchase task. A convenience sample of young adults ages 21-28 were recruited online to participate in semi-structured interviews about cigarillo and e-cigarette use. The analysis included responses from participants who were current users of cigarillos (n=7) or cigarillos and e-cigarettes (n=8). Audio-recorded interviews conducted remotely were coded by two researchers and thematic analysis was implemented. Emergent themes were related to purchasing price, budget, normal cigarillo usage, cigarillo pack size, and time frame of use. Increased use was mentioned when products were free. When cigarillos were expensive, others introduced strategies to circumvent the 24-hour purchase period of the task. Comments were also made that budget is important and using a calculator during the task is helpful. Finally, some commented that selling in individual units wasn’t realistic and made it more difficult to purchase. Results suggest modifications to the task, including depiction of cigarillo pack size and use of a budget calculator. These enhancements support usability and replicability of results when implementing this purchase task in health behavior and tobacco control research.
摘要:小雪茄购买任务是模仿香烟购买任务的一种新型过程。这个程序可以用来评估对雪茄产品的强化价值,或积极的行为反应。很少有研究使用小雪茄购买任务,本研究的目的是评估用户对小雪茄购买任务的理解和想法。在网上招募了21-28岁的年轻人作为方便样本,参加了关于小雪茄和电子烟使用情况的半结构化访谈。该分析包括了目前使用小雪茄(n=7)或小雪茄和电子烟(n=8)的参与者的回答。两名研究人员对远程进行的录音采访进行编码,并进行专题分析。紧急主题与购买价格、预算、雪茄的正常使用量、雪茄包装大小和使用时间框架有关。当产品是免费的,就会增加使用。当小雪茄很贵的时候,其他人就会引入一些策略来规避这项任务的24小时购买期限。也有人评论说预算很重要,在任务中使用计算器很有帮助。最后,一些人评论说,单独销售是不现实的,使购买变得更加困难。结果建议修改任务,包括描述小雪茄包大小和使用预算计算器。当在健康行为和烟草控制研究中实施这一购买任务时,这些增强功能支持结果的可用性和可重复性。
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引用次数: 0
Embracing Diversity and Adapting to the Shifting Landscape of Health Behavior Research: American Academy of Health Behavior Presidential Note 拥抱多样性和适应健康行为研究的变化景观:美国健康行为学会主席笔记
Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1213
Hsien-Chang Lin
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引用次数: 0
Positive College Experiences Moderate the Association Between Resilience and Anxiety Symptoms among Underrepresented College Students 积极的大学经历调节弱势大学生心理弹性与焦虑症状之间的关系
Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1183
Jihun Woo, Erum Z Whyne, Jaylen I Wright, H. M. Lehrer, M. Steinhardt
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引用次数: 0
Intersectionality, Measurement, Methods, and Translation: Reflections on the 2023 AAHB Conference 交叉性,测量,方法和翻译:对2023年AAHB会议的思考
Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1212
David Seal, Annie Nguyen, Lisa Benz Scott, S. Rhodes
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引用次数: 0
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Health behavior research
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