Hygiene and environmental health advances最新文献_第6页

Retrospectively understanding the multifaceted interplay of COVID-19 outbreak, air pollution, and sociodemographic factors through explainable AI 通过可解释的人工智能，回顾性地了解COVID-19疫情、空气污染和社会人口因素之间的多方面相互作用

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100119

Mohmmed Talib , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Gopala Krishna Darbha

This study aims to holistically comprehend the intricate dynamics between air pollution, socio-demographics, and COVID-19 outcomes in India. The primary objective centers on deploying explainable AI (XAI) methodologies to elucidate the intricate pathways and latent mechanisms governing these associations.

A multi-faceted approach was employed integrating ecological study, hybrid-ML, and XAI techniques to characterize the underlying dependencies and interactions driving the pandemic's spatiotemporal evolution and system dynamics. The ecological study analyzed the association between air pollution levels and COVID-19 case fatality rates (CFRs) across distinct pandemic phases. We utilized a Negative Binomial model for interpretability and implemented a stacked ensemble framework to enhance predictive performance. This stacked model was further leveraged to provide deeper insights into the underlying patterns through XAI techniques.

The ecological study identified distinct patterns in CFR across different pandemic phases of the pandemic, with higher pollution levels monotonically associated with increased CFRs. Furthermore, the stacked ensemble model consistently outperformed its base models, demonstrating the benefits of combining multiple models. Additionally, the XAI analysis identified NO₂ as a key driver of COVID-19 cases and mortalities, while PM₁₀ was found to be particularly influential on mortalities. The study concluded distinct COVID-19 transmission patterns across regions and pandemic phases, highlighting the influence of non-pharmaceutical interventions, viral strains, and socio-demographics in driving the pandemic.

The findings highlight the need for strong pollution controls to mitigate air pollution's impact on health. The developed hybrid model can aid in predicting COVID-19 outcomes in future respiratory outbreaks, supporting public health planning and targeted interventions.

本研究旨在全面了解印度空气污染、社会人口统计和COVID-19结果之间复杂的动态关系。主要目标集中在部署可解释的人工智能（XAI）方法，以阐明控制这些关联的复杂途径和潜在机制。采用了多方面的方法，整合了生态研究、混合ml和XAI技术，以表征驱动大流行时空演变和系统动力学的潜在依赖关系和相互作用。这项生态学研究分析了不同大流行阶段空气污染水平与COVID-19病死率（CFRs）之间的关系。我们使用负二项模型来提高可解释性，并实现堆叠集成框架来提高预测性能。进一步利用这个堆叠模型，通过XAI技术对底层模式提供更深入的了解。生态学研究确定了在大流行的不同流行阶段CFR的不同模式，较高的污染水平与增加的CFR单调相关。此外，堆叠集成模型始终优于其基本模型，证明了组合多个模型的好处。此外，XAI分析确定二氧化氮是COVID-19病例和死亡率的关键驱动因素，而PM10被发现对死亡率特别有影响。该研究总结了不同地区和大流行阶段的不同COVID-19传播模式，强调了非药物干预措施、病毒株和社会人口统计学在推动大流行方面的影响。研究结果强调，需要加强污染控制，以减轻空气污染对健康的影响。开发的混合模型可以帮助预测未来呼吸道疫情的COVID-19结果，支持公共卫生规划和有针对性的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and Benzo[a]anthracene increase oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells 二苯并[a，h]蒽和苯并[a]蒽增加人支气管上皮细胞的氧化应激

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100120

Yanjun Xie , Ziwei Guo , Jiaxin Liu , Xiang Xiao , Rongqi Xiang , Haobiao Liu , Xue Lin , Jing Han

Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA) and Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), as the main components in gasoline, diesel, and coal combustion products, dominate air pollution in northern China and pose a serious threat to human health. In this study, different concentrations of DahA and BaA were used to intervene in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell viability was determined by using the thiazolyl blue assay; Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry; The oxidative damage effect was evaluated by measuring the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells; Finally, real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase Chain reaction and protein immunoblotting were used to detect the changes in the expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) at the gene and protein levels. The results showed that the cell survival rate decreased with increasing concentration after 24 h of DahA and BaA intervention. Compared with the control group, the average fluorescence intensity of ROS increased at 100, 1000, and 10,000 pg/ml, MDA levels increased, and SOD levels decreased. At the gene and protein levels, the mRNA and protein expression of SOD1 and SOD2 increased at 1000 pg/ml and 10,000 pg/ml, respectively. In summary, DahA and BaA have toxic effects on human bronchial epithelial cells after 24 h of intervention and can cause changes in oxidative stress indicators, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress damage. Oxidative stress damage to human bronchial epithelial cells may be the main mechanism of PAHs on respiratory system damage.

二苯并[a，h]蒽（DahA）和苯并[a]蒽（BaA）是中国北方地区大气污染的主要成分，是汽油、柴油和煤炭燃烧产物中的主要成分，对人体健康构成严重威胁。本研究采用不同浓度的DahA和BaA对人支气管上皮细胞进行干预。采用噻唑蓝法测定细胞活力；采用荧光显微镜和流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平；通过测定细胞中丙二醛（MDA）的生成和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性来评价氧化损伤效应；最后，采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应和蛋白免疫印迹法检测铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD1）和锰超氧化物歧化酶（SOD2）在基因和蛋白水平上的表达变化。结果表明，DahA和BaA干预24 h后，细胞存活率随浓度的增加而降低。与对照组相比，在100、1000、10000 pg/ml时，ROS的平均荧光强度增加，MDA水平升高，SOD水平降低。在基因和蛋白水平上，SOD1和SOD2的mRNA和蛋白表达量分别在1000 pg/ml和10000 pg/ml时升高。综上所述，DahA和BaA干预24 h后对人支气管上皮细胞有毒性作用，可引起氧化应激指标改变，提示氧化应激损伤的发生。人体支气管上皮细胞的氧化应激损伤可能是多环芳烃对呼吸系统损伤的主要机制。

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引用次数: 0

Associations between exposure to multiple environmental chemicals and metabolic syndrome: A mixture analysis 接触多种环境化学物质与代谢综合征之间的关系：混合分析

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2024.100112

Ruiqiang Li , Xiaoyi Lin , Tingyu Lu , Jiao Wang , Ying Wang , Lin Xu

Exposure to environmental chemicals is prevalent. While previous studies reported associations between multiple chemical exposures and metabolic syndrome (MetS), they did not comprehensively account for correlations among exposures. We used machine learning methods including Boruta algorithm and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, combined with weighted quartiles sum (WQS) regression to investigate the associations of phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and phthalates with MetS and its components. Data were drawn from the 2005–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of 2596 participants was 48.4 (17.9) years. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, poverty income ratio, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol, higher 2-Phenanthrene (2-PHE) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) concentrations were associated with a higher odds of the MetS (odds ratio (OR) = 4.26, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.40–7.58 per ng/mL, and 3.24, 1.75–6.02 per ng/L, respectively). WQS index for environmental chemicals was positively associated with the MetS (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI 1.09–1.57). Moreover, we observed consistent and stronger positive associations with MetS (OR = 1.54, 95 % CI 1.04–2.30) in current smokers. Exposure to phenols, PAHs, metals, and phthalates was positively associated with an increase in metabolic syndrome and its components, which was more pronounced in current smokers.

暴露于环境化学物质是一种普遍现象。虽然之前的研究报告了多种化学物质暴露与代谢综合征（MetS）之间的关系，但这些研究并未全面考虑暴露之间的相关性。我们采用了机器学习方法，包括 Boruta 算法和最小绝对收缩与选择算子（LASSO）回归法，并结合加权四分位数总和（WQS）回归法，研究了酚类、多环芳烃（PAHs）、金属和邻苯二甲酸盐与 MetS 及其成分的关系。数据来自 2005-2012 年美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）。2596 名参与者的平均年龄为 48.4 (17.9)岁（标准差 (SD)）。在对年龄、性别、体重指数、种族/民族、婚姻状况、教育程度、贫困收入比、体育活动、吸烟和饮酒等因素进行调整后，2-菲（2-PHE）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-羟基己酯）（MEHHP）浓度越高，患 MetS 的几率越高（几率比（OR）= 4.26，95 % 置信区间 (CI) 分别为每纳克/毫升 2.40-7.58 和每纳克/毫升 3.24、1.75-6.02）。环境化学物质的 WQS 指数与 MetS 呈正相关（OR = 1.31，95 % CI 1.09-1.57）。此外，我们还观察到当前吸烟者与 MetS 存在一致且更强的正相关性（OR = 1.54，95 % CI 1.04-2.30）。接触酚类、多环芳烃、金属和邻苯二甲酸盐与代谢综合征及其组成部分的增加呈正相关，这在当前吸烟者中更为明显。

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引用次数: 0

Black box analysis with linear regression on global warming 关于全球变暖的线性回归黑箱分析

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2024.100109

Yoshiyasu Takefuji

This paper demonstrates that the conclusions drawn from datasets on global temperature anomaly and atmospheric CO2 from NOAA can vary depending on the range of investigated periods. By examining the data from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, the study reveals that different levels of analysis can produce different outcomes from the same datasets based on statistics.

本文表明，从 NOAA 提供的全球温度异常和大气二氧化碳数据集得出的结论会因调查时段范围的不同而不同。通过从宏观和微观角度对数据进行研究，本研究揭示了不同层次的分析可以从基于统计的相同数据集中得出不同的结果。

引用次数: 0

Occupational chemical safety and management: A case study to identify best practices for sustainable advancement of Bangladesh 职业化学品安全与管理：确定孟加拉国可持续发展最佳做法的案例研究

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2024.100110

Amit Hasan Anik , Mohammad Toha , Shafi M Tareq

Bangladesh has experienced numerous tragedies and casualties in the chemical industry, resulting in unparalleled losses in terms of human, social, and economic adversity, primarily attributed to the absence of effective occupational health and safety management. Despite having various sectoral legislative frameworks, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive legal framework specifically addressing chemical safety management issues. Moreover, the existing regulations have not successfully established a nexus between chemical safety, employee well-being, potential opportunities, and task performance. This highlights the insufficient attention given to occupational health and chemical safety issues at the policy level, with limited research dedicated to these critical concerns. Consequently, this critical review aims to identify optimal strategies for the long-term sustainable development of Bangladesh in the realm of occupational chemical safety and management. The review critically evaluates the current state of Bangladesh's national chemical management, offering a policy trajectory for consideration. It meticulously analyzes the disjunctions and incongruities between prescribed guidelines and actual practices in chemical management within the Bangladeshi context. Furthermore, it establishes a comprehensive framework for a nationwide chemical management system, aligning with global best practices and guidelines. The study also delineates existing gaps and challenges while outlining future priorities that warrant immediate government attention and sustained commitment to enhance chemical safety management. Therefore, this study serves as a foundational reference for policymakers not only in Bangladesh but also for those in other developing economies grappling with escalating chemical demands, providing guidance for constructing an appropriate infrastructure and legal framework for enduring chemical management.

孟加拉国的化学工业经历了无数的悲剧和伤亡，造成了巨大的人员、社会和经济损失，这主要归咎于缺乏有效的职业健康和安全管理。尽管有各种部门立法框架，但明显缺乏专门针对化学品安全管理问题的全面法律框架。此外，现有法规也没有成功地在化学品安全、员工福利、潜在机会和任务绩效之间建立联系。这凸显了政策层面对职业健康和化学品安全问题的关注不够，而专门针对这些关键问题的研究也很有限。因此，本评论旨在确定孟加拉国在职业化学品安全和管理领域长期可持续发展的最佳战略。评论对孟加拉国国家化学品管理的现状进行了批判性评估，提出了供考虑的政策轨迹。它细致地分析了孟加拉国化学品管理的规定准则与实际做法之间的脱节和不协调。此外，它还根据全球最佳做法和准则，为全国化学品管理系统建立了一个综合框架。本研究还划定了现有的差距和挑战，同时概述了政府应立即关注并持续致力于加强化学品安全管理的未来优先事项。因此，本研究不仅可作为孟加拉国决策者的基础参考资料，也可作为其他发展中经济体决策者应对不断升级的化学品需求的基础参考资料，为构建适当的基础设施和法律框架以实现持久的化学品管理提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolism disruption induced by high ambient temperature 高环境温度引起的新陈代谢紊乱

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2024.100111

Ke Zhang , Gongbo Chen , Wan Liu , Jie He , Mengnan Pan , Zhongyang Chen , Jiahui Tong , Feifei Liu , Hao Xiang

Background

Previous studies have assessed the cardiovascular risk attributable to high ambient temperature. However, the mechanisms underly acute cardiovascular responses associated with high ambient temperature remain incompletely understood.

Objective

To identify acute cardiovascular responses associated with high temperature, and to understand the underlying mechanisms using metabolomics.

Methods

We conducted a prospective panel study on young adults, organizing participants to undergo blood collection and temperature monitoring tautologically. Levels of 10 cardiovascular biomarkers and 4473 serum metabolites were measured. Levels of ambient temperature exposure were recorded by wearing personal monitors. We employed linear mixed-effect models to identify acute cardiovascular responses associated with ambient temperature, including differential biomarkers and metabolites. KEGG pathway analysis was performed on the differential metabolites to identify temperature-associated metabolic processes.

Results

Exposure to elevated ambient temperature was associated with acute cardiovascular responses, including alterations in high-density lipoprotein, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, diastolic pressure, and heart rate. These observed acute cardiovascular responses are probably attributed to metabolism disturbances, as 129 differential serum metabolites, accompanied by disruptions in 18 pathways, were identified. These differential metabolites and pathways primarily involve glycerophospholipid metabolism, which activates inflammation cytokines and subsequently induces adverse cardiovascular effects.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that elevated ambient temperature could potentially lead to cardiovascular responses among young adults in China. We propose that high ambient temperature exposure may contribute to acute cardiovascular effects by regulating the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway.

背景以往的研究评估了环境温度过高对心血管造成的风险。方法我们对青壮年进行了一项前瞻性小组研究，组织参与者进行血液采集和温度监测。测量了 10 种心血管生物标志物和 4473 种血清代谢物的水平。通过佩戴个人监测器记录环境温度暴露水平。我们采用线性混合效应模型来确定与环境温度相关的急性心血管反应，包括不同的生物标志物和代谢物。结果暴露于升高的环境温度与急性心血管反应有关，包括高密度脂蛋白、白细胞介素-6、C 反应蛋白、舒张压和心率的改变。这些观察到的急性心血管反应可能归因于新陈代谢紊乱，因为发现了 129 种不同的血清代谢物，以及 18 种途径的紊乱。这些不同的代谢物和途径主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢，而甘油磷脂代谢会激活炎症细胞因子，进而诱发不良的心血管反应。结论：我们的研究结果表明，环境温度升高有可能导致中国青壮年的心血管反应。我们认为，暴露于高温环境中可能会通过调节甘油磷脂代谢途径导致急性心血管效应。

{"title":"Metabolism disruption induced by high ambient temperature","authors":"Ke Zhang , Gongbo Chen , Wan Liu , Jie He , Mengnan Pan , Zhongyang Chen , Jiahui Tong , Feifei Liu , Hao Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2024.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2024.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous studies have assessed the cardiovascular risk attributable to high ambient temperature. However, the mechanisms underly acute cardiovascular responses associated with high ambient temperature remain incompletely understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify acute cardiovascular responses associated with high temperature, and to understand the underlying mechanisms using metabolomics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective panel study on young adults, organizing participants to undergo blood collection and temperature monitoring tautologically. Levels of 10 cardiovascular biomarkers and 4473 serum metabolites were measured. Levels of ambient temperature exposure were recorded by wearing personal monitors. We employed linear mixed-effect models to identify acute cardiovascular responses associated with ambient temperature, including differential biomarkers and metabolites. KEGG pathway analysis was performed on the differential metabolites to identify temperature-associated metabolic processes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to elevated ambient temperature was associated with acute cardiovascular responses, including alterations in high-density lipoprotein, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, diastolic pressure, and heart rate. These observed acute cardiovascular responses are probably attributed to metabolism disturbances, as 129 differential serum metabolites, accompanied by disruptions in 18 pathways, were identified. These differential metabolites and pathways primarily involve glycerophospholipid metabolism, which activates inflammation cytokines and subsequently induces adverse cardiovascular effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that elevated ambient temperature could potentially lead to cardiovascular responses among young adults in China. We propose that high ambient temperature exposure may contribute to acute cardiovascular effects by regulating the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expansion of a versatile pathogen: Clostridioides difficile 一种多用途病原体的扩展：艰难梭菌

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2024.100108

Tereena Lucas , Brent Brown

Clostridioides difficile is a gram positive and spore forming bacterium responsible for significant global morbidity and mortality. There is increasing incidence of C. difficile disease that constitutes a deviation from the traditionally understood toxin-mediated colonic disease. Comprehensive literature review has determined a conservative increase of over 600 cases of C. difficile extra–intestinal and small–intestinal disease detailed in >200 papers over the past 20 years. Chronic colonization with increased intestinal permeability that permits the translocation of toxins and metabolites may partially explain this expanded disease manifestation. Currently there is little evidence in support of a role for toxins however, and greater evidence to support the role of metabolites in extra-intestinal disease pathogenesis. Specifically, increased levels of p-cresol, p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and ammonia are associated with C. difficilecolonization. One important health consideration involves ongoing biotransformation of such metabolites, together with the overall metabolic load from all endogenous and exogenous sources, that can result in glutathione depletion. Chronic glutathione depletion in turn increases oxidative stress and is correlated with neurological compromise across all age groups, and a host of other conditions. Key factors supporting chronic colonization with C. difficile in susceptible hosts include widespread and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, intensive agricultural practices, diet, food additives, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Appreciation of the role of the exposome in C. difficile disease expansion will further emphasize the importance of decreasing environmental contamination, antimicrobial resistance, inter-species transmission, and individual toxic metabolite burdens.

艰难梭状芽孢杆菌是一种革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌，在全球范围内造成了严重的发病率和死亡率。难辨梭状芽孢杆菌疾病的发病率越来越高，这与传统理解的毒素介导的结肠疾病有所不同。综合文献回顾显示，在过去 20 年中，艰难梭菌肠道外和小肠疾病保守估计增加了 600 多例，详情见 200 篇论文。慢性定植导致肠道通透性增加，使毒素和代谢物得以转移，这可能是疾病表现扩大的部分原因。不过，目前支持毒素作用的证据很少，而支持代谢物在肠道外疾病发病机制中作用的证据则更多。具体来说，对甲酚、对甲酚硫酸盐、吲哚硫酸盐和氨水平的升高与艰难梭菌感染有关。一个重要的健康考虑因素是这些代谢物的持续生物转化，以及所有内源性和外源性来源的总体代谢负荷，这些都可能导致谷胱甘肽耗竭。谷胱甘肽的慢性消耗反过来又会增加氧化应激，并与所有年龄组的神经系统损伤和其他一系列疾病相关。支持艰难梭菌在易感宿主中长期定植的关键因素包括抗菌素、药品、杀虫剂的广泛和滥用、集约化农业实践、饮食、食品添加剂和胃肠功能紊乱。认识到暴露体在艰难梭菌疾病扩展中的作用，将进一步强调减少环境污染、抗菌药耐药性、物种间传播和个体毒性代谢物负担的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in environmental monitoring: Advancements, challenges, and future directions 环境监测中的人工智能：进步、挑战和未来方向

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2024.100114

David B. Olawade , Ojima Z. Wada , Abimbola O. Ige , Bamise I. Egbewole , Adedayo Olojo , Bankole I. Oladapo

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in environmental monitoring offers accurate disaster forecasts, pollution source detection, and comprehensive air and water quality monitoring. This article provides an overview of the value of environmental monitoring, the challenges of conventional methods, and potential AI-based solutions. Several significant AI applications in environmental monitoring are highlighted, showcasing their contributions to effective environmental management. AI technologies enhance environmental monitoring by enabling better understanding, prediction, and mitigation of environmental risks. However, realizing the full potential of AI faces hurdles such as a shortage of specialized AI experts in the environmental sector and challenges related to data access, control, and privacy. These issues are more pronounced in regions with developing technological infrastructure. The paper advocates for proactive data governance measures by governments to protect sensitive information. Despite these challenges, the future of AI in environmental monitoring remains promising, with advancements in AI algorithms, data collection techniques, and computing power expected to further improve accuracy and efficiency in pollution monitoring and management.

人工智能（AI）在环境监测中的应用可提供准确的灾害预测、污染源检测以及全面的空气和水质监测。本文概述了环境监测的价值、传统方法面临的挑战以及基于人工智能的潜在解决方案。文章重点介绍了人工智能在环境监测领域的几项重要应用，展示了它们对有效环境管理的贡献。人工智能技术能够更好地理解、预测和缓解环境风险，从而加强环境监测。然而，充分发挥人工智能的潜力面临着各种障碍，例如环境领域缺乏专业的人工智能专家，以及与数据访问、控制和隐私相关的挑战。这些问题在技术基础设施不断发展的地区更为突出。本文倡导政府采取积极的数据治理措施，以保护敏感信息。尽管存在这些挑战，人工智能在环境监测领域的前景依然广阔，人工智能算法、数据收集技术和计算能力的进步有望进一步提高污染监测和管理的准确性和效率。

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引用次数: 0

A longitudinal panel study exploring associations of urinary phthalate metabolites mixture with renal function in Chinese children 探索中国儿童尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物混合物与肾功能关系的纵向小组研究

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2024.100116

Yudan Zheng , Lei Zhao , Yuming Zheng , Wenya Bai , Xuefeng Lai , Liangle Yang , Xiaomin Zhang , Miao Liu

Evidence from longitudinal studies examining the associations between urinary phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) and early kidney damage in children has been limited, and the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. We carried out a longitudinal panel study involving up to 3 repeated visits, and each visit across 4 consecutive days, with 142 children aged 4-12 years from Guangzhou. mPAEs were determined in morning urine of each day and early kidney damage indicators were detected on the 4^th day. We employed linear mixed-effect models (LMEs), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to evaluate associations of mPAEs as individual and mixture with early kidney damage, and the interaction of thyroid hormones with mPAEs in such associations. We found that each 1-fold increment of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) at health examination day (Lag0) was significantly associated with 4.734% (95% confidence interval: 1.313%, 8.155%) reduction of Cystatin-C (CysC)-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR_CysC) (FDR< 0.05) and such relationships were in dose-response manner. Meanwhile, BKMR models showed the relations of mPAEs mixture with increased CysC and Beta-2-microglobulin (β2MG), and reduced eGFR_CysC were dominated by MBP. Moreover, thyroid hormones were linked to early kidney damage, and free thyroxin (FT4) modified the associations of MBP and β2MG, which was more obvious in children with low level of FT4. Interactions of age group and gender with MBP were significant, the effect of MBP on early kidney damage was stronger in primary school children and boys. In summary, our findings indicated that urinary mPAEs as individual and mixture were associated with early kidney damage indicators, which contributed to MBP were modified by FT4.

对儿童尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢物（mPAEs）与早期肾损伤之间关系的纵向研究证据有限，其潜在机制仍不清楚。我们对广州 142 名 4-12 岁的儿童进行了一项纵向小组研究，其中包括最多 3 次重复访问，每次访问连续 4 天。我们采用线性混合效应模型（LMEs）和贝叶斯核机器回归模型（BKMR）来评估mPAEs作为个体和混合物与早期肾损伤的关系，以及甲状腺激素与mPAEs在这种关系中的相互作用。我们发现，在健康检查日（Lag0），邻苯二甲酸单丁酯（MBP）每增加 1 倍，基于胱抑素-C（CysC）的估算肾小球滤过率（eGFRCysC）就会显著降低 4.734%（95% 置信区间：1.313%，8.155%）（FDR< 0.05），并且这种关系呈剂量反应型。同时，BKMR 模型显示，mPAEs 混合体与 CysC 和β-2-微球蛋白（β2MG）的增加有关，而 eGFRCysC 的降低则以 MBP 为主。此外，甲状腺激素与早期肾损伤有关，游离甲状腺素（FT4）改变了 MBP 和 β2MG 的相关性，这在 FT4 水平低的儿童中更为明显。年龄组和性别与 MBP 的交互作用显著，MBP 对早期肾损害的影响在小学生和男孩中更强。总之，我们的研究结果表明，尿液中的mPAEs作为个体和混合物与早期肾损伤指标相关，而FT4会改变MBP的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 on the environment: A critical review with sustainability approaches COVID-19 对环境的积极和消极影响：采用可持续发展方法进行严格审查

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2024.100107

Avishek Talukdar , Sayan Bhattacharya , Saptarshi Pal , Pracheta Pal , Soumyajit Chowdhury

Coronavirus, which practically brought the world to a standstill, is a member of the Coronaviridae family of the order Nidovirales, and was termed as the "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2″ (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The COVID-19 pandemic was probably the most critical healthcare and scientific challenge of this century. Apart from health concerns, the pandemic has also resulted in certain long-lasting social, economic, and environmental issues. The article, for the first time, executes a multidisciplinary assessment of the effects of COVID-19 on the environment, highlighting future research approaches and the possible ways to achieve sustainability in the post-COVID era. Both positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 pandemic are discussed in this context. While there are certain positive impacts of COVID-19 on the environment (including reduced air, water and noise pollution with cleaner landscapes), the negative impacts (increased production and consumption of plastics, increase in waste generation because of online consumption, decrease in waste recycling, energy consumption in vaccine manufacturing) pose considerable threats to the environment. We highlight urgent research priorities, and also discuss potential means of tackling any such pandemic in the future without hampering sustainable lifestyle or jeopardizing the environment and ecosystem dynamics. The findings will help to identify the possible areas of concern of pandemic management and can help in formulation of policies which will be helpful to reduce the impact of future pandemics on the environment.

冠状病毒是尼多病毒目冠状病毒科的一种病毒，被国际病毒分类委员会称为 "严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2"（SARS-CoV-2）。COVID-19 大流行可能是本世纪最严峻的医疗保健和科学挑战。除健康问题外，大流行还造成了一些长期的社会、经济和环境问题。本文首次对 COVID-19 对环境的影响进行了多学科评估，强调了未来的研究方法以及在后 COVID 时代实现可持续发展的可能途径。在此背景下讨论了 COVID-19 大流行的积极和消极影响。尽管 COVID-19 对环境有一定的积极影响（包括减少空气、水和噪音污染，使景观更清洁），但其负面影响（塑料生产和消费增加、在线消费导致废物产生量增加、废物回收利用减少、疫苗生产过程中的能源消耗）也对环境构成了相当大的威胁。我们强调了当务之急的研究重点，并讨论了在不妨碍可持续生活方式或危害环境和生态系统动态的情况下，应对未来任何此类流行病的潜在方法。研究结果将有助于确定大流行病管理的可能关注领域，并有助于制定有助于减少未来大流行病对环境影响的政策。

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引用次数: 0