Hygiene and environmental health advances最新文献_第4页

Do weekends matter in unraveling the impact of acute temperature exposure on the risk of daily mortality? 在揭示急性温度暴露对每日死亡风险的影响方面，周末是否重要？

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100134

Keita Wagatsuma , Takahisa Ogawa , Yi-Sheng Yang , Kensuke Uraguchi , Mami Hitachi , Susana Silva , Erik Pieter de Jong , Ya-Yun Cheng , Aurelio Tobias , Masahiro Hashizume

引用次数: 0

Incidence of Escherichia coli in drinking water: A comparative study of indoor and outdoor sources over four years across Bahia, Brazil 饮用水中大肠杆菌的发病率：巴西巴伊亚州四年来室内和室外来源的比较研究

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100121

Danilo Moreira Vilas Boas , Wilson José Fernandes Lemos Junior , Joselene Nascimento , Clícia Leite , Juliana Matos , Francine Paz , Anderson S. Sant'Ana , Alaíse Gil Guimarães

Waterborne diseases, such as cholera and typhoid fever, pose significant health risks, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and contaminated water sources. The Northeast region of Brazil, characterized by limited water resources and high population density, faces challenges in maintaining water quality and distribution. This study aims to evaluate the microbiological quality of drinking water and its relation to the occurrence of waterborne diseases in outdoor environments over a four-year period. A total of 8497 water samples were analyzed, comprising 7912 outdoor and indoor samples and 585 longitudinal indoor samples from a resort-type hotel complex. The study focused on outdoor water sources such as swimming pools, rivers, lakes, and seas. An experimental design was further implemented to assess the microbiological quality of indoor water sources through a longitudinal case study. Among the 7912 outdoor and indoor samples, 1603 showed total coliforms, 501 exhibited growth of thermotolerant coliforms, and 106 tested positive for Escherichia coli (EC). In contrast, indoor samples demonstrated better microbiological quality, with only 18 samples containing total coliforms and none testing positive for EC. Ensuring the microbiological quality of drinking water is vital for public health and the prevention of waterborne diseases. The presence of contaminants in outdoor sources highlights the need for rigorous control mechanisms and monitoring, especially in high-risk regions. Indoor water sources, when properly maintained, can significantly reduce contamination risks, emphasizing the importance of stringent water treatment and hygiene practices.

水媒疾病，如霍乱和伤寒，对健康构成重大威胁，特别是在卫生设施不足和水源受到污染的地区。巴西东北地区水资源有限，人口密度高，在维持水质和水分布方面面临挑战。本研究旨在评估饮用水微生物质量及其与室外环境中水传播疾病发生的关系。共分析了8497个水样，其中包括7912个室外和室内水样和585个纵向室内水样。这项研究的重点是室外水源，如游泳池、河流、湖泊和海洋。通过纵向案例研究，进一步实施了室内水源微生物质量评价的实验设计。在7912份室外和室内样品中，总大肠菌群1603份，耐高温大肠菌群501份，大肠杆菌（EC）阳性106份。相比之下，室内样品显示出更好的微生物质量，只有18个样品含有总大肠菌群，没有检测出EC阳性。确保饮用水的微生物质量对公共卫生和预防水传播疾病至关重要。室外污染源的存在突出表明需要建立严格的控制机制和监测，特别是在高风险地区。如果维护得当，室内水源可以大大减少污染风险，强调严格的水处理和卫生习惯的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Adolescent bone health under threat: PFAS mixtures as drivers of skeletal fragility 青少年骨骼健康受到威胁：PFAS混合物是骨骼脆弱的驱动因素

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100133

Jing Li , Shaowei Wu , Tingyu Li , Zichang Liu , Chuchu Kang , Hongli Tan

Evidence regarding the effect of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on bone minerals density (BMD) at various bone sites and the combined effects of PFAS mixtures is limited, particularly during the critical period of skeletal development. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 1212 adolescents aged 12−19 years in NHANES 2011−2018 to examine the associations of single PFAS and PFAS mixtures with BMD at 11 bone sites and two comprehensive BMD indices. Multiple linear regression showed that serum PFAS concentrations were inversely associated with BMD, with variations according to the specific PFAS and bone site, and exhibiting a sex-specific pattern. Additionally, these associations differed significantly between obese and non-obese individuals, which was confined to boys. Mixture analysis using weighted quantile sum regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression revealed inverse associations between PFAS mixtures and BMD at specific bone sites, and 2-(N-methylperfluoroctanesulfonamido)acetic acid (Me-PFOSA-AcOH) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) were identified as the dominant contributors to the combined effect of PFAS mixtures on BMD among all participants and girls, respectively. These findings lay a critical foundation for future environmental epidemiology studies and necessitate further exploration and validation of mechanisms through laboratory research.

关于全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）对不同骨骼部位骨矿物质密度（BMD）的影响以及PFAS混合物的综合影响的证据有限，特别是在骨骼发育的关键时期。为了解决这一差距，我们在NHANES 2011 - 2018中对1212名年龄在12 - 19岁的青少年进行了一项横断面研究，以检查单一PFAS和PFAS混合物与11个骨骼部位的骨密度和两个综合骨密度指数的关系。多元线性回归显示，血清PFAS浓度与骨密度呈负相关，根据特定的PFAS和骨骼部位而变化，并表现出性别特异性模式。此外，这些关联在肥胖和非肥胖个体之间存在显著差异，这仅限于男孩。使用加权分位数和回归和贝叶斯核机回归的混合分析显示，PFAS混合物与特定骨骼部位的骨密度呈负相关，2-（n -甲基全氟辛烷磺酸）乙酸（Me-PFOSA-AcOH）和全氟癸酸（PFDeA）被确定为PFAS混合物对所有参与者和女孩骨密度综合影响的主要因素。这些发现为未来的环境流行病学研究奠定了重要的基础，并需要通过实验室研究进一步探索和验证机制。

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引用次数: 0

Toxicology research on the effects of environmental pollutants on the retina: A review 环境污染物对视网膜影响的毒理学研究进展

IF 2.7

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100143

Tiantian Chen , Wei Zhang , Yifan Li , Jin Zhou , Shu Guo

Background

As the key sensory tissue in the eye, the retina is vulnerable to environmental pollutants, with laboratory studies demonstrating their potential to disrupt retinal structure and function. To comprehensively understand the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of pollutants, this review studied the effects of major environmental pollutants, including heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, lead), organic compounds (bisphenol compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, triclosan, chlorpyrifos), and microplastics, on the structure and function of the retina.

Methods

Using PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases, search for keywords such as "retina," "toxicity," "environmental pollutants," "oxidative stress," "cell apoptosis," "visual function," and their combinations. Include original research and reviews evaluating the retinal toxicity of specific environmental pollutants, rigorously screen literature for in-depth analysis.

Results

Comprehensive analysis confirms that target environmental pollutants can induce significant retinal toxicity effects, including retinal developmental disorders, tissue structure damage, loss of photoreceptor cell specificity, and ultimately leading to visual dysfunction and visual related behavioral abnormalities.

Conclusion

This review integrates mechanistic insights from experimental toxicology research, providing a preclinical framework for understanding pollutant induced retinal damage and laying an important foundation for developing protective strategies against environmental retinal damage.

作为眼睛的关键感觉组织，视网膜很容易受到环境污染物的影响，实验室研究表明它们有可能破坏视网膜的结构和功能。为了全面了解污染物的毒性作用及其潜在机制，本文综述了主要环境污染物，包括重金属（镉、汞、铅）、有机化合物（双酚化合物、多氯联苯、三氯生、毒死蜱）和微塑料对视网膜结构和功能的影响。方法利用PubMed、Web of Science和CNKI数据库，检索“视网膜”、“毒性”、“环境污染物”、“氧化应激”、“细胞凋亡”、“视觉功能”等关键词及其组合。包括评估特定环境污染物视网膜毒性的原始研究和评论，严格筛选文献进行深入分析。结果综合分析证实，目标环境污染物可诱发视网膜明显的毒性作用，包括视网膜发育障碍、组织结构损伤、光感受器细胞特异性丧失，最终导致视觉功能障碍和视觉相关行为异常。结论本综述综合了实验毒理学研究的机制见解，为理解污染物性视网膜损伤提供了临床前框架，为制定环境性视网膜损伤的保护策略奠定了重要基础。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic insights into cobalt-induced lung injury: An integrated network toxicology and bioinformatics approach 机制洞察到钴诱导的肺损伤：综合网络毒理学和生物信息学方法

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100130

Hongyan Yu , Yingzhu Wang , Yidi Chen , Rong Zhang , Shanfa Yu , Xiaoting Jin , Yuxin Zheng

Background

The widespread environmental contamination by cobalt compounds, coupled with their documented respiratory toxicities, has become a pressing public health concern. Current mechanistic research on the health impacts of these substances lacks coherence and integration, highlighting the need for a comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms of cobalt-induced lung injury.

Methods

Utilizing CTDbase and NetInfer databases, we obtained target genes of cobalt and its compound and ascertained their associated lung adverse outcomes. Disease-related targets were retrieved from OMIM, DisGeNet, GeneCards, and NCBI databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify the core targets between compounds and diseases. Based on the DAVID database, enrichment pathways were evaluated by GO and KEGG analyses. Finally, single-cell analysis was conducted to investigate specific cell types implicated in the cobalt-induced lung hazards.

Results

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was determined as the most critical lung injury associated with cobalt compounds. In total, we identified 275 compound-related and 3146 PH-related targets, ultimately pinpointing 169 overlapping targets. Among these, 28 pivotal co-targets were implicated in cobalt and its compound-induced PH, including IL6, AKT1, TNF, TP53, NFKB1, HIF1A, etc., which were primarily involved in the IL-17, TNF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Moreover, monocytes and macrophages were recognized as effector cells underlying the induction of PH by cobalt exposure, with CXCL8 and HIF1A serving as signature genes.

Conclusion

Our study not only elucidates pivotal target genes, pathways, and specific cell types involved in cobalt-induced lung hazards, but also establishes a novel approach to clarify the mechanisms underlying metal toxicity.

钴化合物对环境的广泛污染，加上其有记录的呼吸道毒性，已成为一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。目前关于这些物质对健康影响的机制研究缺乏连贯性和整体性，突出表明需要对钴诱导的肺损伤机制进行全面调查。方法利用CTDbase和NetInfer数据库，获得钴及其化合物的靶基因，并确定其相关的肺部不良后果。从OMIM、DisGeNet、GeneCards和NCBI数据库中检索疾病相关靶点。构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络，识别化合物与疾病之间的核心靶点。基于DAVID数据库，通过GO和KEGG分析评估富集途径。最后，进行了单细胞分析，以调查与钴诱导的肺部危害有关的特定细胞类型。结果肺动脉高压（pulmonary hypertension， PH）是钴化合物引起的最严重的肺损伤。总共鉴定了275个化合物相关靶点和3146个ph相关靶点，最终确定了169个重叠靶点。其中，28个关键共靶点与钴及其化合物诱导的PH有关，包括IL6、AKT1、TNF、TP53、NFKB1、HIF1A等，主要参与IL-17、TNF和HIF-1信号通路。此外，单核细胞和巨噬细胞被认为是钴暴露诱导PH的效应细胞，其中CXCL8和HIF1A是标志基因。结论本研究不仅阐明了钴致肺危害的关键靶基因、途径和特定细胞类型，而且为阐明金属毒性的机制建立了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

The dose-dependent effect of acute ozone exposure on lung function and the efficacy of a Boysenberry apple powder blend (BerriQi®) in reducing throat irritation and symptom recovery time in healthy adults 急性臭氧暴露对肺功能的剂量依赖性影响以及Boysenberry apple粉混合物（BerriQi®）在减少健康成人喉咙刺激和症状恢复时间方面的功效

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100132

Dominic Lomiwes , Matthew Barnes , Grayson Nicholls , Nayer Ngametua , Greg Sawyer , Alexander P. Kanon , Gowthami Vangala , Odette Shaw

Urbanization and industrialization have impacted air quality and health, with ozone exposure linked to reduced lung function and increased respiratory issues. This study characterised the dose-dependent effect of acute, controlled ambient ozone exposure in an environmental chamber on lung function, then investigated the effect of BerriQi® Boysenberry and apple powder (BerriQi) ozone-induced respiratory irritation symptoms. In an incremental dose study, healthy adults were exposed to 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 ppm ozone for 2 h. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured at designated timepoints up to 48 h after ozone exposure. This was followed by a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, with healthy adults (n = 20) who consumed either BerriQi or a placebo daily for 5 days before being exposed to 0.2 ppm ozone for 2 h. Respiratory irritation symptoms, including throat irritation (TI), soreness of cough (SOC), shortness of breath (SOB), and pain on deep inspiration (PODI), were assessed at designated timepoints up to 48 h after ozone exposure. Our results showed that 0.2 ppm ozone was the maximum tolerated dose that elicited a temporal decline in lung function in healthy participants and that BerriQi supplementation significantly reduced TI (p = 0.04), and may expedite the resolution of SOC, SOB and PODI after acute ozone exposure. These findings suggest that BerriQi may alleviate the severity and duration of ozone-induced respiratory irritation and highlights the potential of BerriQi as a dietary intervention for mitigating the respiratory effects of air pollution.

城市化和工业化影响了空气质量和健康，臭氧暴露与肺功能下降和呼吸问题增加有关。本研究描述了在环境室中急性、受控的环境臭氧暴露对肺功能的剂量依赖效应，然后研究了BerriQi®Boysenberry and apple powder （BerriQi）臭氧诱导的呼吸道刺激症状的影响。在一项增量剂量研究中，健康成人暴露于0.1、0.2或0.3 ppm的臭氧中2小时。在臭氧暴露后48小时内，在指定的时间点测量1秒内的用力肺活量（FVC）和用力呼气量（FEV1）。随后是一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照交叉试验，健康成人（n = 20）每天服用BerriQi或安慰剂5天，然后暴露于0.2 ppm的臭氧中2小时。在臭氧暴露后48小时的指定时间点评估呼吸刺激症状，包括喉咙刺激（TI）、咳嗽痛（SOC）、呼吸短促（SOB）和深度吸气痛（PODI）。我们的研究结果表明，0.2 ppm的臭氧是引起健康参与者肺功能暂时下降的最大耐受剂量，而BerriQi补充剂显著降低了TI (p = 0.04)，并可能加速急性臭氧暴露后SOC， SOB和PODI的解决。这些发现表明，BerriQi可以减轻臭氧引起的呼吸刺激的严重程度和持续时间，并强调了BerriQi作为一种饮食干预来减轻空气污染对呼吸系统的影响的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Heat vulnerability assessment: A systematic review of critical metrics 热脆弱性评估：关键指标的系统回顾

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100138

Yuchen Qian, Tiedong Liu

Research on heat vulnerability provides a scientific foundation for identifying heatwave-sensitive areas and vulnerable populations, thereby enabling targeted climate adaptation. Standardizing and refining metric selection is crucial for constructing effective heat vulnerability assessment systems. To boost the precision of heat vulnerability assessments, this research explores current limitations in metric selection. We systematically reviewed metrics from 31 studies across environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic dimensions. Our analysis reveals three main challenges: variations in indicator selection, classification, and processing; correlations between indicators and regional characteristics; and inter-metric correlations of conceptual redundancy and oversimplification. These discrepancies and deficiencies may affect the robustness of assessments and increase the difficulty of subsequent discussions, diminishing the policy relevance. Our review identifies and summarizes context-specific indicators, highlights issues of metric redundancy and oversimplification along with corresponding solutions, and establishes guidelines for metric selection. This facilitates the selection of concise, representative metrics for developing more accurate heat vulnerability indices, ultimately enabling targeted interventions to mitigate heatwave impacts.

热脆弱性研究为识别热浪敏感区和脆弱人群提供了科学依据，从而实现有针对性的气候适应。规范和细化度量选择是构建有效的热脆弱性评价体系的关键。为了提高热脆弱性评估的精度，本研究探讨了目前度量选择的局限性。我们系统地回顾了31项研究的指标，涉及环境、人口和社会经济方面。我们的分析揭示了三个主要挑战：指标选择、分类和处理方面的差异；指标与区域特征的相关性；概念冗余和过度简化的度量间关联。这些差异和缺陷可能影响评估的稳健性，增加后续讨论的难度，降低政策相关性。我们的审查确定并总结了具体情况的指标，突出了公制冗余和过度简化的问题以及相应的解决方案，并建立了公制选择的指导方针。这有助于选择简洁、有代表性的指标，以制定更准确的热脆弱性指数，最终实现有针对性的干预措施，以减轻热浪的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Clarifying the misuse of EC50, IC50, and LC50 in cytotoxicity study of water disinfection byproducts: A critical analysis and perspective 澄清水消毒副产物细胞毒性研究中EC50、IC50和LC50的误用：一个批判性的分析和观点

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100124

Zhuorong Du, Jiafu Li

Cytotoxicity serves as a crucial standard for assessing the potential health risks posed by water disinfection by-products (DBPs). The precise use of toxicological metrics, such as EC₅₀, IC₅₀, and LC₅₀, is essential for reliable safety evaluations and effective prioritization of DBPs for regulatory control. However, recent studies have increasingly applied these metrics interchangeably, undermining the accuracy of research findings and hindering meaningful cross-study comparisons, which may even impact public health decision-making and the development of DBP regulatory policies. This paper seeks to clarify the distinctions between these metrics, emphasize their correct application, and propose strategies to promote consistency and accuracy in future research on DBP cytoxicity, ultimately contributing to improved public health protection.

细胞毒性是评估水消毒副产物（DBPs）潜在健康风险的重要标准。准确使用毒理学指标，如EC50、IC50和LC50，对于可靠的安全性评估和有效地优先考虑dbp进行监管控制至关重要。然而，最近的研究越来越多地交替使用这些指标，破坏了研究结果的准确性，阻碍了有意义的交叉研究比较，这甚至可能影响公共卫生决策和DBP监管政策的制定。本文旨在澄清这些指标之间的区别，强调它们的正确应用，并提出策略，以提高DBP细胞毒性未来研究的一致性和准确性，最终为改善公众健康保护做出贡献。

引用次数: 0

Associations of childhood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with autistic traits and symptom severities among children with and without autism spectrum disorder 儿童全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质与自闭症特征和自闭症谱系障碍儿童症状严重程度的关系

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100131

Li-Zi Lin , Nanxiang Jin , Wan-Ting He , Yun-Ting Zhang , Jing-Wen Huang , Li-Xia Liang , Jia-Xin Zhou , Zhe-Qing Zhang , Xin Wang , Zhao-Huan Gui , Ru-Qing Liu , Jing-Jing Liang , Guang-Hui Dong

The associations of childhood legacy and alternatives per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) -related outcomes were seldom discussed. In this case-control study conducted in Guangzhou, China, 6- to 9-year-old children who were clinically confirmed for ASD (case, n = 60) or typical development (TD, n = 180) underwent psychometric tests (autistic traits via Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children and symptom severities via Social Responsiveness Scale), and we tested their plasma concentrations of 16 legacy and alternative PFASs. We used conditional logistic regression models and generalized linear models to test the associations of PFASs exposure with ASD-related outcomes. Higher concentrations of total and linear PFHxS were associated with higher risk of ASD [OR = 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-5.67; 2.73, 95%CI: 1.17-6.38] and higher autistic traits among TD children (β = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.03-0.87; 0.44, 95%CI: 0.01- 0.86). In addition, we observed a positive association between symptom severity and 8:2 Cl-PFESA, an alternative PFAS compound, among children with ASD (β =4.90, 95%CI: 0.07-9.72). We did not find joint associations between PFASs mixtures and the outcomes when using multiple-pollutant models. More studies are needed to confirm the PFASs-ASD associations, and the potential hazards of emerging PFASs should not be ignored.

儿童遗存和单氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质替代品（PFASs）与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）相关结果的关系很少被讨论。在中国广州进行的这项病例对照研究中，对临床确诊为ASD的6- 9岁儿童（病例，n = 60）或典型发育（TD, n = 180）进行了心理测量测试（通过自闭症谱系商-儿童进行自闭症特征测试，通过社会反应性量表进行症状严重程度测试），并测试了16种遗传和替代PFASs的血浆浓度。我们使用条件逻辑回归模型和广义线性模型来检验全氟磺酸暴露与自闭症相关结果的关系。总PFHxS和线性PFHxS浓度越高，患ASD的风险越高[OR = 2.44, 95%可信区间（CI）： 1.05-5.67；2.73, 95%CI: 1.17-6.38]和TD儿童较高的自闭症特征(β = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.03-0.87；0.44, 95%ci: 0.01- 0.86)。此外，我们观察到ASD儿童的症状严重程度与8:2 Cl-PFESA（一种替代PFAS化合物）呈正相关（β =4.90, 95%CI: 0.07-9.72）。当使用多污染物模型时，我们没有发现PFASs混合物与结果之间的联合关联。需要更多的研究来证实PFASs与asd的关联，新出现的PFASs的潜在危害不容忽视。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of rising ambient temperatures on the mental and physical health of children 环境温度上升对儿童身心健康的影响

Hygiene and environmental health advances

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2025.100137

Caradee Y Wright , Mary Norval , Natasha Naidoo , Muthise Bulani , Ashraf Coovadia , Linda Theron

Globally, mean ambient temperatures have increased by 1.6 °C between preindustrial level and 2024, alongside a rise in extreme weather events such as heatwaves and droughts. This rapid review synthesizes the existing literature on the risks to children’s physical and mental health due to heat exposure. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. This review highlights the increased risks to children’s physical and mental health from extreme temperatures in several populations. Major health concerns include heat-related illnesses, dehydration, increasing incidence of infectious diseases, reduced cognitive performance, depression and anxiety and the exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. Potential strategies to mitigate these negative health outcomes are proposed, including improved access to cooling solutions, public health interventions, and educational campaigns to improve thermal comfort.

从全球来看，与工业化前至2024年的水平相比，平均环境温度上升了1.6摄氏度，热浪和干旱等极端天气事件也有所增加。这篇快速综述综合了热暴露对儿童身心健康风险的现有文献。使用PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和ScienceDirect进行综合文献检索。这篇综述强调了一些人群中极端温度对儿童身心健康的风险增加。主要的健康问题包括与热有关的疾病、脱水、传染病发病率增加、认知能力下降、抑郁和焦虑以及原有疾病的恶化。提出了减轻这些负面健康后果的潜在战略，包括改善获得冷却解决方案的途径、公共卫生干预措施和改善热舒适的教育运动。

引用次数: 0