Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah, Hela Chikh-Rouhou, H. Jabnoun-Khiareddine, M. Daami‐Remadi
Root-associated microbiota play a key role in plant growth, resilience, and health. In this study, the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of 12 pumpkins accessions belonging to three Cucurbita species i.e. C. pepo, C. maxima, and C. moschata, was monitored using the soil dilution plating technique on specific media. All accessions tested were also screened for their production and yield parameters. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), 4 accessions of C. maxima (namely C5, C23, C14.2 and C6.2) were characterized by the greatest average fruit weight and yield, the highest actinomycetes, bacterial, Trichoderma spp. and Aspergillus spp. communities, and the lowest total fungal population in their rhizosphere. Positive correlations were noted between fruit fresh weight, culturable bacteria and Trichoderma spp. populations in the rhizopshere of pumpkins accessions. Negative correlations were noted between fruit weight and yield parameters and the total culturable fungal populations. The current study clearly demonstrated that the rhizosphere soil microbial communities have been shaped by Cucurbita species and accessions. Based on the significant links observed between soil microbiota and yield parameters, future pumpkin breeding programs could be focused on the selection of accessions that are quite able to exploit these associated beneficial microbial communities.
根相关微生物群在植物生长、恢复能力和健康方面发挥着关键作用。本研究采用特定培养基上的土壤稀释平板技术，监测了 12 个南瓜品种根瘤中的微生物群落结构，这 12 个南瓜品种分别属于三个葫芦科植物，即 C. pepo、C. maxima 和 C. moschata。还对所有测试品种的产量和产量参数进行了筛选。根据主成分分析（PCA），C. maxima 的 4 个品种（即 C5、C23、C14.2 和 C6.2）的平均果重和产量最大，放线菌、细菌、毛霉菌属和曲霉菌属群落最多，而根瘤菌中真菌总数最少。南瓜根圈中的果实鲜重、可培养细菌和毛霉属种群之间呈正相关。果实重量和产量参数与可培养真菌总数之间呈负相关。目前的研究清楚地表明，根瘤土壤微生物群落是由葫芦科物种和品种形成的。基于在土壤微生物群与产量参数之间观察到的重要联系，未来的南瓜育种计划可侧重于选择能够利用这些相关有益微生物群落的品种。
{"title":"Pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.) diversity and their associated microbiota","authors":"Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah, Hela Chikh-Rouhou, H. Jabnoun-Khiareddine, M. Daami‐Remadi","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-13913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13913","url":null,"abstract":"Root-associated microbiota play a key role in plant growth, resilience, and health. In this study, the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of 12 pumpkins accessions belonging to three Cucurbita species i.e. C. pepo, C. maxima, and C. moschata, was monitored using the soil dilution plating technique on specific media. All accessions tested were also screened for their production and yield parameters. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), 4 accessions of C. maxima (namely C5, C23, C14.2 and C6.2) were characterized by the greatest average fruit weight and yield, the highest actinomycetes, bacterial, Trichoderma spp. and Aspergillus spp. communities, and the lowest total fungal population in their rhizosphere. Positive correlations were noted between fruit fresh weight, culturable bacteria and Trichoderma spp. populations in the rhizopshere of pumpkins accessions. Negative correlations were noted between fruit weight and yield parameters and the total culturable fungal populations. The current study clearly demonstrated that the rhizosphere soil microbial communities have been shaped by Cucurbita species and accessions. Based on the significant links observed between soil microbiota and yield parameters, future pumpkin breeding programs could be focused on the selection of accessions that are quite able to exploit these associated beneficial microbial communities.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140743659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nazarian, Mehdi Nasiri Mahalati, H. Sahabi, H. Feizi
Saffron Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) is one of the most valuable and expensive medicinal plants in the world. In order to compare the quality characteristics of saffron in Afghanistan and Iran, samples of dried C. sativus from different saffron-producing regions of Herat province (Afghanistan) and Torbat Heydarieh county (Iran) were collected in the year 2021. The experiment was analyzed in GLM format and Nested method with three replications. The samples of saffron produced from seven different districts of Herat province in Afghanistan, including Injil, Karukh, Guzara, Pashtun Zarghun, Zendeh Jan, Ghoryan, Obeh and nine saffron-producing villages (Fakhrabad, Kadkan, Nasar, Ghaleno, Feizabad, Khorgh, Abrood, Benhang, Shadmehr) of Torbat Heydarieh county in Iran were examined. The results showed that the effect of country and region (districts and villages) on the quality traits of saffron (crocin, picrocrocin and safranal) was significant. Moreover, the comparison of the mean values indicated the presence of significant differences in the qualitative characteristics of saffron among the different investigated villages of Torbat Heydarieh. The saffron produced in Afghanistan had the highest amount of crocin (on average 279.1 ɷ 440nm) and picrocrocin (on average 101 ϕ 257nm), while the highest value of safranal (on average 34.2 θ 330nm) was observed in saffron samples produced in Iran. The highest amount of the above quality traits belonged to the saffron of Zendeh Jan Herat region 5 (Af5, crocin: 303 ɷ 440 nm, picrocrocin: 106 ϕ 257 nm, safranal: 33 θ 330 nm), while the five Torbat Heydarieh villages had the lowest quality of saffron (Ir5, crocin: 164 ɷ 440nm, picrocrocin: 71 ϕ 257 nm, safranal: 34 θ 330 nm). In the comprehensive analysis of saffron-producing regions in Afghanistan and Iran, in terms of the qualitative attributes (crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal) it was evident that regions 1 to 6 in Herat, Afghanistan (Af1, Af2, Af3, Af4, Af5, Af6) and the Abrood village of Torbat Heidarieh, Iran (Ir7) formed a distinct cluster, demonstrating superior quality compared to other regions. Furthermore, with the exception of the Feizabad village of Torbat Heydarieh (Ir5), all examined samples surpassed the saffron ISO international standard and were categorized as first-grade quality. The exceptional quality of Herat saffron from Afghanistan is likely attributable to the unique geographical features, virgin lands, and specific climatic conditions across diverse cultivation areas.
{"title":"Comparison quality parameters of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) produced in Herat, Afghanistan and Torbat Heydarieh, Iran","authors":"R. Nazarian, Mehdi Nasiri Mahalati, H. Sahabi, H. Feizi","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14920","url":null,"abstract":"Saffron Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) is one of the most valuable and expensive medicinal plants in the world. In order to compare the quality characteristics of saffron in Afghanistan and Iran, samples of dried C. sativus from different saffron-producing regions of Herat province (Afghanistan) and Torbat Heydarieh county (Iran) were collected in the year 2021. The experiment was analyzed in GLM format and Nested method with three replications. The samples of saffron produced from seven different districts of Herat province in Afghanistan, including Injil, Karukh, Guzara, Pashtun Zarghun, Zendeh Jan, Ghoryan, Obeh and nine saffron-producing villages (Fakhrabad, Kadkan, Nasar, Ghaleno, Feizabad, Khorgh, Abrood, Benhang, Shadmehr) of Torbat Heydarieh county in Iran were examined. The results showed that the effect of country and region (districts and villages) on the quality traits of saffron (crocin, picrocrocin and safranal) was significant. Moreover, the comparison of the mean values indicated the presence of significant differences in the qualitative characteristics of saffron among the different investigated villages of Torbat Heydarieh. The saffron produced in Afghanistan had the highest amount of crocin (on average 279.1 ɷ 440nm) and picrocrocin (on average 101 ϕ 257nm), while the highest value of safranal (on average 34.2 θ 330nm) was observed in saffron samples produced in Iran. The highest amount of the above quality traits belonged to the saffron of Zendeh Jan Herat region 5 (Af5, crocin: 303 ɷ 440 nm, picrocrocin: 106 ϕ 257 nm, safranal: 33 θ 330 nm), while the five Torbat Heydarieh villages had the lowest quality of saffron (Ir5, crocin: 164 ɷ 440nm, picrocrocin: 71 ϕ 257 nm, safranal: 34 θ 330 nm). In the comprehensive analysis of saffron-producing regions in Afghanistan and Iran, in terms of the qualitative attributes (crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal) it was evident that regions 1 to 6 in Herat, Afghanistan (Af1, Af2, Af3, Af4, Af5, Af6) and the Abrood village of Torbat Heidarieh, Iran (Ir7) formed a distinct cluster, demonstrating superior quality compared to other regions. Furthermore, with the exception of the Feizabad village of Torbat Heydarieh (Ir5), all examined samples surpassed the saffron ISO international standard and were categorized as first-grade quality. The exceptional quality of Herat saffron from Afghanistan is likely attributable to the unique geographical features, virgin lands, and specific climatic conditions across diverse cultivation areas.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140745243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The low salinity tolerance of almond cultivars can cause a significant setback in almond production. Therefore, selecting suitable cultivars and rootstocks in salinity-affected areas can facilitate sustainable crop production. In this research, the effects of two wild almond species, Badamkohiand Arjan as rootstocks on the salinity tolerance of ‘Sahand’ as a scion were investigated through in vitro culture. A factorial experiment of 2 (species) × 4 (levels of salinity) was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replications. The results showed that ‘Sahand’ grafted on Badamkohi had the higher fresh and dry weight than grafted on Arjan in all level of salinity. The Na+ and Cl- ions contents inthe shoots and root of both micrografting combinations increased with increasing salinity. However, their amount in the shoot and the root of ‘Sahand’/Arjan plants were significantly higher than those ions in ‘Sahand’/Badamkohi plants at 80 and 120 mM NaCl. The amount of total chlorophyll in ‘Sahand’ grafted on Badamkohi was 0.68 mg g-1 FW which was significantly higher than the total chlorophyll of the same scion grafted on Arjan rootstock (0.51 mg g-1 FW) at 120 mM NaCl. The highest leaf cell electrical leakage occurred in ‘Sahand’ grafted on Arjan which was significantly higher than leaf electrical leakage of the same scion grafted on Badamkohi at 120 mM NaCl. The grafting combination of ‘Sahand’/Badamkohi showed a higher proline and glycine betaine content, compared to the grafting combination of ‘Sahand’/Arjan. The shoot and root antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POX and CAT) in micrografting combination of ‘Sahand’/ Badamkohi were also significantly higher than those in ‘Sahand’/Arjan. It can be concluded that ‘Sahand/Badamkohi combination is a suitable choice for the regions with late spring frost and saline conditions.
{"title":"In vitro salt stress tolerance of ‘Sahand’ cultivar grafted on two wild almond rootstocks: An evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits between rootstocks","authors":"Mehri Asadi Zargh Abad, A. Shekafandeh","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14148","url":null,"abstract":"The low salinity tolerance of almond cultivars can cause a significant setback in almond production. Therefore, selecting suitable cultivars and rootstocks in salinity-affected areas can facilitate sustainable crop production. In this research, the effects of two wild almond species, Badamkohiand Arjan as rootstocks on the salinity tolerance of ‘Sahand’ as a scion were investigated through in vitro culture. A factorial experiment of 2 (species) × 4 (levels of salinity) was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replications. The results showed that ‘Sahand’ grafted on Badamkohi had the higher fresh and dry weight than grafted on Arjan in all level of salinity. The Na+ and Cl- ions contents inthe shoots and root of both micrografting combinations increased with increasing salinity. However, their amount in the shoot and the root of ‘Sahand’/Arjan plants were significantly higher than those ions in ‘Sahand’/Badamkohi plants at 80 and 120 mM NaCl. The amount of total chlorophyll in ‘Sahand’ grafted on Badamkohi was 0.68 mg g-1 FW which was significantly higher than the total chlorophyll of the same scion grafted on Arjan rootstock (0.51 mg g-1 FW) at 120 mM NaCl. The highest leaf cell electrical leakage occurred in ‘Sahand’ grafted on Arjan which was significantly higher than leaf electrical leakage of the same scion grafted on Badamkohi at 120 mM NaCl. The grafting combination of ‘Sahand’/Badamkohi showed a higher proline and glycine betaine content, compared to the grafting combination of ‘Sahand’/Arjan. The shoot and root antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POX and CAT) in micrografting combination of ‘Sahand’/ Badamkohi were also significantly higher than those in ‘Sahand’/Arjan. It can be concluded that ‘Sahand/Badamkohi combination is a suitable choice for the regions with late spring frost and saline conditions.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tiznado-Hernández, A. A. Gardea-Bejar, A. Sánchez-Estrada, J. Orozco-Avitia, Á. Ojeda-Contreras, R. Troncoso-Rojas, Rodrigo Melendrez-Amavizca
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) has short shelf-life due to the high metabolic activity of the apical meristems. Storage at low temperature and high relative humidity is used commercially to keep fresh asparagus spears. Techniques denominated “Hurdley technologies” (UV-C or gamma irradiation) have been tested in fruits and vegetables to extend postharvest life. These technologies were used to extend postharvest shelf life of asparagus spears by inhibition of meristematic activity. Spears were irradiated with UV-C at dosages of 2.46, and 4.93 kJ m-2 and gamma irradiation at 1 and 1.5 kGy, before storage at 2°C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 20 days. Metabolic heat (Rq) was measured in apical meristems, as well as whole spear respiration, sugars content, water potential components and color descriptors. Metabolic heat and whole spears respiration rate did not show differences due to effect of UV-C treatments, while spears treated with gamma radiation showed a metabolic activity inhibition of 10 and 15% for 1 and 1.5 kGy, respectively, while whole spear respiration rate was not affected. Changes in color variables showed a slight reduction in gloss. Sugars content in UV-C remained unchanged, while gamma radiation induced a reduction in glucose. An increase in fresh weight loss was noticeable on those treated with gamma irradiation. No changes in water potential components were observed. It was concluded the treatments used did not reported positive benefits in extending asparagus spears shelf life.
{"title":"“Hurdley technologies” utilized to improve postharvest life of asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L.)","authors":"M. Tiznado-Hernández, A. A. Gardea-Bejar, A. Sánchez-Estrada, J. Orozco-Avitia, Á. Ojeda-Contreras, R. Troncoso-Rojas, Rodrigo Melendrez-Amavizca","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14786","url":null,"abstract":"Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) has short shelf-life due to the high metabolic activity of the apical meristems. Storage at low temperature and high relative humidity is used commercially to keep fresh asparagus spears. Techniques denominated “Hurdley technologies” (UV-C or gamma irradiation) have been tested in fruits and vegetables to extend postharvest life. These technologies were used to extend postharvest shelf life of asparagus spears by inhibition of meristematic activity. Spears were irradiated with UV-C at dosages of 2.46, and 4.93 kJ m-2 and gamma irradiation at 1 and 1.5 kGy, before storage at 2°C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 20 days. Metabolic heat (Rq) was measured in apical meristems, as well as whole spear respiration, sugars content, water potential components and color descriptors. Metabolic heat and whole spears respiration rate did not show differences due to effect of UV-C treatments, while spears treated with gamma radiation showed a metabolic activity inhibition of 10 and 15% for 1 and 1.5 kGy, respectively, while whole spear respiration rate was not affected. Changes in color variables showed a slight reduction in gloss. Sugars content in UV-C remained unchanged, while gamma radiation induced a reduction in glucose. An increase in fresh weight loss was noticeable on those treated with gamma irradiation. No changes in water potential components were observed. It was concluded the treatments used did not reported positive benefits in extending asparagus spears shelf life.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Wise, Jamie Selby-Pham, Tomer Simovich, H. Gill
Strawberry is a popular functional food due to the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Enhancing this functional food value is an opportunity to improve consumer health, but strategies to do so cannot compromise yield or organoleptic properties, which are highest priorities for farmers and consumer, respectively. One promising strategy is the supplementation of fertiliser regimens with biostimulants, which are non-nutritive substances associated with species-specific improvements to crop growth, yield, and quality. Accordingly, the impacts of a biostimulant complex (BC) containing molasses, Aloe vera extract, and fish-hydrolysate is characterised herein for its potential to impact strawberry growth, yield, quality, and functional food value. Results indicated that BC treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) plant biomass and canopy area (growth), total fruit count and weight per plant (yield), fruit aroma and colour (quality), and antioxidant potential (functional food value). The results presented highlight the potential utility of biostimulants to the strawberry sphere, providing a strategy to enhance the fruit to the benefit of both farmers and consumers.
{"title":"A biostimulant complex comprising molasses, Aloe vera extract, and fish-hydrolysate enhances yield, aroma, and functional food value of strawberry fruit","authors":"K. Wise, Jamie Selby-Pham, Tomer Simovich, H. Gill","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-15033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-15033","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry is a popular functional food due to the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Enhancing this functional food value is an opportunity to improve consumer health, but strategies to do so cannot compromise yield or organoleptic properties, which are highest priorities for farmers and consumer, respectively. One promising strategy is the supplementation of fertiliser regimens with biostimulants, which are non-nutritive substances associated with species-specific improvements to crop growth, yield, and quality. Accordingly, the impacts of a biostimulant complex (BC) containing molasses, Aloe vera extract, and fish-hydrolysate is characterised herein for its potential to impact strawberry growth, yield, quality, and functional food value. Results indicated that BC treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) plant biomass and canopy area (growth), total fruit count and weight per plant (yield), fruit aroma and colour (quality), and antioxidant potential (functional food value). The results presented highlight the potential utility of biostimulants to the strawberry sphere, providing a strategy to enhance the fruit to the benefit of both farmers and consumers.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140745744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kale, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, is an important urban crop for human health and may potentially be grown year-round even in a temperate climate. We investigated black plastic and straw mulch compared to bare soil cover in low tunnels at 10 urban garden sites and in low tunnels within a high tunnel in the USA to ascertain the influence on yield and nutrients of Red Russian kale, soil temperature, air temperature, weed pressure, and aphid abundance. Kale had low yield in garden sites, likely because the outside environment was too cold for low tunnels to gain and retain heat. Cultivating kale in a high tunnel resulted in good yields, especially when paired with a low tunnel and plastic or straw mulch, which resulted in the highest air and soil temperatures. The amount of minerals in plants within the high tunnel largely did not vary across combinations of low tunnels and ground covers, except for copper and sulfur, which were lowest in plots with no low tunnel or ground cover. Also, dietary fiber was higher when no low tunnel or ground cover was used compared to plots with a low tunnel and no ground cover. Weeds were suppressed by straw and black plastic mulch, but none of the ground covers influenced aphid abundance. Overall, our work demonstrates that Red Russian kale can be grown in a temperate climate during winter with some combinations of tunnels and ground covers.
甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala）是一种对人类健康非常重要的城市作物，即使在温带气候条件下也有可能全年种植。我们在美国 10 个城市花园的低矮隧道和一个高大隧道内的低矮隧道中研究了黑色塑料和稻草覆盖物与裸土覆盖物的比较，以确定其对红俄罗斯甘蓝的产量和养分、土壤温度、空气温度、杂草压力和蚜虫数量的影响。甘蓝在园地中的产量较低，可能是因为外部环境太冷，低隧道无法获得和保持热量。在高隧道中种植羽衣甘蓝产量较高，特别是与低隧道和塑料或稻草覆盖物搭配种植时，空气和土壤温度最高。除了铜和硫的含量在没有低矮隧道或地面覆盖物的地块中最低外，高隧道内植物的矿物质含量在不同的低矮隧道和地面覆盖物组合中基本没有变化。此外，与有低矮隧道和无地面覆盖物的地块相比，没有使用低矮隧道或地面覆盖物的地块膳食纤维含量更高。稻草和黑色塑料覆盖物抑制了杂草，但地面覆盖物都不会影响蚜虫的数量。总之，我们的研究表明，在冬季温带气候条件下，红俄罗斯羽衣甘蓝可以通过隧道和地面覆盖物的某些组合进行种植。
{"title":"Influence of ground cover and tunnels on production of Red Russian kale in urban gardes","authors":"M. Richardson, C. Arlotta, Lillie Monroe-Lord","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14997","url":null,"abstract":"Kale, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, is an important urban crop for human health and may potentially be grown year-round even in a temperate climate. We investigated black plastic and straw mulch compared to bare soil cover in low tunnels at 10 urban garden sites and in low tunnels within a high tunnel in the USA to ascertain the influence on yield and nutrients of Red Russian kale, soil temperature, air temperature, weed pressure, and aphid abundance. Kale had low yield in garden sites, likely because the outside environment was too cold for low tunnels to gain and retain heat. Cultivating kale in a high tunnel resulted in good yields, especially when paired with a low tunnel and plastic or straw mulch, which resulted in the highest air and soil temperatures. The amount of minerals in plants within the high tunnel largely did not vary across combinations of low tunnels and ground covers, except for copper and sulfur, which were lowest in plots with no low tunnel or ground cover. Also, dietary fiber was higher when no low tunnel or ground cover was used compared to plots with a low tunnel and no ground cover. Weeds were suppressed by straw and black plastic mulch, but none of the ground covers influenced aphid abundance. Overall, our work demonstrates that Red Russian kale can be grown in a temperate climate during winter with some combinations of tunnels and ground covers.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susilawati Susilawati, Irmawati Irmawati, Muhammad Umar Harun, B. Ichwan
Deep swamp is swampland with the longest flooding period, making it challenging for crop cultivation. However, by adopting a floating system, this prolonged duration of flooding can be used for shallot growing. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain the growth and yield of shallots cultivated in polybags using conventional non-floating and floating systems with the application of different doses of cow manure. The research was located in the experimental field and reservoir of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University (3°13’30.3′′ S; 104°38’55.1” E). Non-floating and floating farming systems were utilized with the application of 0, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha of cow manure. The findings demonstrated that shallots cultivated in the floating system had lower numbers and length of leaf but could produce more bulbs in comparison to the conventional method. The application of 15 ton/ha manure in the floating system resulted in higher weights of fresh and air-dried bulbs per plant, weighing 74.40 g and 64.82 g, respectively, compared to those in the non-floating system (46.77 g and 37.84 g, respectively). In conclusion, the Bima Brebes shallot variety potentially can be cultivated in a floating system with the application of 15 tons of cow manure per hectare.
{"title":"Shallot cultivation in tropical climate ecosystems using floating and non-floating systems with different doses of cow manure","authors":"Susilawati Susilawati, Irmawati Irmawati, Muhammad Umar Harun, B. Ichwan","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14940","url":null,"abstract":"Deep swamp is swampland with the longest flooding period, making it challenging for crop cultivation. However, by adopting a floating system, this prolonged duration of flooding can be used for shallot growing. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain the growth and yield of shallots cultivated in polybags using conventional non-floating and floating systems with the application of different doses of cow manure. The research was located in the experimental field and reservoir of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University (3°13’30.3′′ S; 104°38’55.1” E). Non-floating and floating farming systems were utilized with the application of 0, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha of cow manure. The findings demonstrated that shallots cultivated in the floating system had lower numbers and length of leaf but could produce more bulbs in comparison to the conventional method. The application of 15 ton/ha manure in the floating system resulted in higher weights of fresh and air-dried bulbs per plant, weighing 74.40 g and 64.82 g, respectively, compared to those in the non-floating system (46.77 g and 37.84 g, respectively). In conclusion, the Bima Brebes shallot variety potentially can be cultivated in a floating system with the application of 15 tons of cow manure per hectare.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"7 4‐5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pomegranate has nutritional value and health benefits due to its bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. Fruit consumption is strongly recommended due to its high content of vitamins, fiber, minerals, and polyphenols. Supplying ready-to-eat pomegranate can be a beneficial technique to increase consumption with regard to its nutritional properties. However, maintaining nutritional quality and preventing microbial spoilage is a major challenge. Fruit quality is lost with visible symptoms such as weight loss, shriveling, husk scald, chilling injury, fungal rot, aril color degradation, and off-flavor during long-term storage. Therefore, it is very important to use appropriate strategies to maintain pomegranate whole fruit and aril quality. Gases around the product create a suitable environment for oxidative reactions and aerobic microorganism growth. Therefore, changing the atmosphere around the product can help maintain its quality. One of the effective methods to increase the postharvest life of products is to use modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), which reduces microbial spoilage and chilling injury, preserves the quality, and extends the shelf life by reducing the respiration rate. Modified atmosphere packaging, which uses natural atmospheric components (O2, CO2 and N2), has been widely accepted due to the lack of toxic residues on the product. This review discusses on recent research in terms of MAP application on quality properties and postharvest life of pomegranate fruit and arils during storage.
{"title":"Efficacy of active and passive modified atmosphere packaging on quality preservation and storage life of pomegranate fruit and arils: A review","authors":"F. Moradinezhad, A. Ranjbar","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14691","url":null,"abstract":"Pomegranate has nutritional value and health benefits due to its bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. Fruit consumption is strongly recommended due to its high content of vitamins, fiber, minerals, and polyphenols. Supplying ready-to-eat pomegranate can be a beneficial technique to increase consumption with regard to its nutritional properties. However, maintaining nutritional quality and preventing microbial spoilage is a major challenge. Fruit quality is lost with visible symptoms such as weight loss, shriveling, husk scald, chilling injury, fungal rot, aril color degradation, and off-flavor during long-term storage. Therefore, it is very important to use appropriate strategies to maintain pomegranate whole fruit and aril quality. Gases around the product create a suitable environment for oxidative reactions and aerobic microorganism growth. Therefore, changing the atmosphere around the product can help maintain its quality. One of the effective methods to increase the postharvest life of products is to use modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), which reduces microbial spoilage and chilling injury, preserves the quality, and extends the shelf life by reducing the respiration rate. Modified atmosphere packaging, which uses natural atmospheric components (O2, CO2 and N2), has been widely accepted due to the lack of toxic residues on the product. This review discusses on recent research in terms of MAP application on quality properties and postharvest life of pomegranate fruit and arils during storage.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140743025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Shamsudin, Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan, J. Gansau, N. A. Rusdi
Orchids are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with over 25,000 known species and more than 100,000 hybrids and cultivars. Orchids are characterised by their often showy and highly specialised flowers and have unique and intricate floral. Orchids are known to be highly dependent on their mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake, especially during the early stages of their development. Orchid seeds lack the endosperm present in most other seeds, which means they cannot germinate without a source of nutrition. The relationship between orchids and mycorrhiza is known as orchid mycorrhizae or orchid mycorrhiza. In orchid mycorrhiza, the orchid plant forms a mutualistic relationship with certain species of fungi that are able to penetrate the orchid’s roots and colonise its tissues to provides the orchid with essential nutrients. Orchid mycorrhizal fungi are often highly specific, meaning that they can only form partnerships with certain orchid species, and vice versa. The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in the orchid life cycle is crucial from both evolutionary and ecological standpoints. Therefore, it is essential to acquire a thorough comprehension of this relationship and develop methodologies for isolating, identifying, and preserving significant fungal strains that are associated with different orchid species. In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in research concentration on mycorrhizal interactions in orchids. However, certain inquiries remain unresolved pertaining to the fungal communities associated with orchids as well as the divergences notices across different species and geographical locales. The present paper provides a through, and extensive analysis of the fungal life associated with orchids. This article presents a succinct overview of the molecular techniques utilised by researchers globally to isolate and identify peloton-forming fungi in both temperate terrestrial and tropical orchids. The review begins by proving a concise introduction to the background material regarding the wide range of fungal species that are linked with orchids. It then proceeds to explores the topic of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and orchid non-mycorrhizal fungi (ONF). The subsequent analysis explores the crucial function that orchid mycorrhizal fungi play in the processes of seed germination and development. Moreover, the study elaborates on the methodologies utilised for isolating fungi, extracting fungal DNA, selecting primers, amplifying DNA and subsequent analysis sequence data. This article considers several molecular identification approaches that are used in studying orchid endophytic mycorrhizal. Using molecular approaches, orchid mycorrhizal can be further explored and identified.
兰花是一个种类繁多、分布广泛的开花植物家族，已知品种超过 25,000 种，杂交种和栽培品种超过 100,000 种。兰花的特点是花朵艳丽、高度特化，花型独特、错综复杂。众所周知，兰花高度依赖菌根真菌吸收养分，尤其是在其生长发育的早期阶段。兰花种子缺乏大多数其他种子的胚乳，这意味着它们在没有营养来源的情况下无法发芽。兰花与菌根之间的关系被称为兰花菌根或兰花菌根。在兰花菌根中，兰花植物与某些种类的真菌形成一种互惠关系，这些真菌能够穿透兰花的根部，在兰花的组织中定植，为兰花提供必需的营养。兰花菌根真菌通常具有高度特异性，这意味着它们只能与某些兰花物种建立伙伴关系，反之亦然。从进化和生态学的角度来看，菌根真菌在兰花生命周期中的重要性都是至关重要的。因此，有必要全面了解这种关系，并开发出分离、鉴定和保存与不同兰花物种相关的重要真菌菌株的方法。近年来，有关兰花菌根相互作用的研究日益增多。然而，关于与兰花相关的真菌群落以及不同物种和不同地理位置之间的差异的某些问题仍未得到解决。本文对与兰花相关的真菌生命进行了深入而广泛的分析。本文简明扼要地概述了全球研究人员在分离和鉴定温带陆生和热带兰花中的球根真菌时所使用的分子技术。文章首先简要介绍了与兰花有关的各种真菌物种的背景材料。接着探讨了兰花菌根真菌（OMF）和兰花非菌根真菌（ONF）。随后的分析探讨了兰花菌根真菌在种子萌发和发育过程中发挥的关键作用。此外，该研究还阐述了用于分离真菌、提取真菌 DNA、选择引物、扩增 DNA 以及后续分析序列数据的方法。本文探讨了用于研究兰花内生菌根的几种分子鉴定方法。利用分子方法可以进一步探索和鉴定兰花菌根。
{"title":"A review: Molecular identification of orchid mycorrhiza","authors":"N. Shamsudin, Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan, J. Gansau, N. A. Rusdi","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14952","url":null,"abstract":"Orchids are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with over 25,000 known species and more than 100,000 hybrids and cultivars. Orchids are characterised by their often showy and highly specialised flowers and have unique and intricate floral. Orchids are known to be highly dependent on their mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake, especially during the early stages of their development. Orchid seeds lack the endosperm present in most other seeds, which means they cannot germinate without a source of nutrition. The relationship between orchids and mycorrhiza is known as orchid mycorrhizae or orchid mycorrhiza. In orchid mycorrhiza, the orchid plant forms a mutualistic relationship with certain species of fungi that are able to penetrate the orchid’s roots and colonise its tissues to provides the orchid with essential nutrients. Orchid mycorrhizal fungi are often highly specific, meaning that they can only form partnerships with certain orchid species, and vice versa. The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in the orchid life cycle is crucial from both evolutionary and ecological standpoints. Therefore, it is essential to acquire a thorough comprehension of this relationship and develop methodologies for isolating, identifying, and preserving significant fungal strains that are associated with different orchid species. In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in research concentration on mycorrhizal interactions in orchids. However, certain inquiries remain unresolved pertaining to the fungal communities associated with orchids as well as the divergences notices across different species and geographical locales. The present paper provides a through, and extensive analysis of the fungal life associated with orchids. This article presents a succinct overview of the molecular techniques utilised by researchers globally to isolate and identify peloton-forming fungi in both temperate terrestrial and tropical orchids. The review begins by proving a concise introduction to the background material regarding the wide range of fungal species that are linked with orchids. It then proceeds to explores the topic of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and orchid non-mycorrhizal fungi (ONF). The subsequent analysis explores the crucial function that orchid mycorrhizal fungi play in the processes of seed germination and development. Moreover, the study elaborates on the methodologies utilised for isolating fungi, extracting fungal DNA, selecting primers, amplifying DNA and subsequent analysis sequence data. This article considers several molecular identification approaches that are used in studying orchid endophytic mycorrhizal. Using molecular approaches, orchid mycorrhizal can be further explored and identified.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the advancement of tissue culture in strawberry plant propagation, the degree of elite for field cultivation depends on forcing the plant to produce runners. The strawberry flower habit [everbearing (EB), seasonal berry (SB), short-day (SD), long-day (LD), and day-neutral (DN)] defines the method of encouraging the plant to generate runners, since the formation of runners is mostly influenced by genetic factors before being influenced by environmental factors. Stolon production, which occurs as a result of vying for resources under certain environmental circumstances, is the reverse of blossoming. Therefore, any stimulus that encourages stolon formation and vegetative growth limits the development of flower buds, which is necessary for elite propagation. Long photoperiod, temperature, chilling hour, or cold storage, and plant growth regulators (PGR) are cited as these variables. Temperature has a significant impact on runner development, although the long daily photoperiod (LD) remains the most crucial component in runner induction. However, when LD interacts with other factors like temperature, cold storage, and gibberellins, its efficiency is increased. Thus, based on the cultivars and the seasonal climate of the geographical location, the best approach for strawberry propagation is identified by optimising the planting date for propagation or adjusting the propagation circumstances.
{"title":"The habit of strawberry flowering is the key for runner propagation, where the photoperiod is the main environmental factor - A review","authors":"Isam Al-madhagi","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14381","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the advancement of tissue culture in strawberry plant propagation, the degree of elite for field cultivation depends on forcing the plant to produce runners. The strawberry flower habit [everbearing (EB), seasonal berry (SB), short-day (SD), long-day (LD), and day-neutral (DN)] defines the method of encouraging the plant to generate runners, since the formation of runners is mostly influenced by genetic factors before being influenced by environmental factors. Stolon production, which occurs as a result of vying for resources under certain environmental circumstances, is the reverse of blossoming. Therefore, any stimulus that encourages stolon formation and vegetative growth limits the development of flower buds, which is necessary for elite propagation. Long photoperiod, temperature, chilling hour, or cold storage, and plant growth regulators (PGR) are cited as these variables. Temperature has a significant impact on runner development, although the long daily photoperiod (LD) remains the most crucial component in runner induction. However, when LD interacts with other factors like temperature, cold storage, and gibberellins, its efficiency is increased. Thus, based on the cultivars and the seasonal climate of the geographical location, the best approach for strawberry propagation is identified by optimising the planting date for propagation or adjusting the propagation circumstances.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":"80 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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