Elige Salamé, S. Brizzolara, Marta Rodriguez, Matteo Iob, P. Tonutti, B. Ruperti
Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) is beneficial in maintaining specific quality parameters but, due to the extreme oxygen levels applied, can cause adverse effects on the fruit by inducing excessive anaerobic metabolism and the production of off-flavors. The metabolic adaptation and responses of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Red Delicious to static or dynamic oxygen concentrations (0.3 and 0.8%, with sequential shifts) during cold storage for 7 months were studied by monitoring quality parameters and the expression of genes involved in sugar, fermentative metabolism, and ethylene physiology. Ethanol content reached the highest levels (around 400 mg/kg FW) under 0.3% oxygen concentration and fruit firmness appeared to be reduced in samples accumulating the highest levels of ethanol. Oxygen switch was effective in reducing the ethanol concentrations with timing-dependent variable effects. The expression of fermentative (alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase) and sugar metabolism (β-amylase; phosphofructokinase; sucrose synthase) genes resulted to be differently affected by the hypoxic conditions imposed, in particular during the early stages of storage. Sucrose synthase expression appeared to be highly sensitive to changes in low oxygen concentration. Ethylene biosynthesis (ACC synthase and oxidase) genes showed marked differences in their expression in relation to the static and dynamic protocols and the hypoxic conditions, as well as six Ethylene Responsive Factors (ERF) genes, some of them possibly involved in the oxygen sensing mechanism operating in fruit tissues.
{"title":"Ethanol fermentation- and ethylene physiology-related gene expression profiles in Red Delicious apples stored under variable hypoxic conditions and protocols","authors":"Elige Salamé, S. Brizzolara, Marta Rodriguez, Matteo Iob, P. Tonutti, B. Ruperti","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-14180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14180","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) is beneficial in maintaining specific quality parameters but, due to the extreme oxygen levels applied, can cause adverse effects on the fruit by inducing excessive anaerobic metabolism and the production of off-flavors. The metabolic adaptation and responses of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Red Delicious to static or dynamic oxygen concentrations (0.3 and 0.8%, with sequential shifts) during cold storage for 7 months were studied by monitoring quality parameters and the expression of genes involved in sugar, fermentative metabolism, and ethylene physiology. Ethanol content reached the highest levels (around 400 mg/kg FW) under 0.3% oxygen concentration and fruit firmness appeared to be reduced in samples accumulating the highest levels of ethanol. Oxygen switch was effective in reducing the ethanol concentrations with timing-dependent variable effects. The expression of fermentative (alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase) and sugar metabolism (β-amylase; phosphofructokinase; sucrose synthase) genes resulted to be differently affected by the hypoxic conditions imposed, in particular during the early stages of storage. Sucrose synthase expression appeared to be highly sensitive to changes in low oxygen concentration. Ethylene biosynthesis (ACC synthase and oxidase) genes showed marked differences in their expression in relation to the static and dynamic protocols and the hypoxic conditions, as well as six Ethylene Responsive Factors (ERF) genes, some of them possibly involved in the oxygen sensing mechanism operating in fruit tissues.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43261569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural plant compound that has been proven to enhance the quality of fruits; therefore, its impact on pineapple should be further studied, especially in the most marketable hybrids. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SA treatments on MD2 pineapple quality. The experiment consisted of two parts with applications pre and postharvest following the next treatments, control: No use of SA, and 5, 7 and 9 mM of SA. The total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid content, respiration rate, together with the severity and incidence of internal browning and flesh translucency were determined, after 40 days of cold storage. The treatment using 9 mM of SA in pre and postharvest delivered the best results, having the most elevated ascorbic acid (526.75 mg kg-1) and total acidity (0.8%), the lowest severity and incidence outcomes of internal browning and flesh translucency (0% in both cases), with the most reduced respiration rate values during postharvest. In conclusion, SA treatments with concentrations of 9 mM applied in pre and postharvest on MD2 pineapple can improve its quality after 40 days of cold storage.
{"title":"Impact of exogenous pre and postharvest salicylic acid applications on MD2 pineapple quality","authors":"Diego Mauricio Cano-Reinoso, Condro Wibowo","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-13608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13608","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural plant compound that has been proven to enhance the quality of fruits; therefore, its impact on pineapple should be further studied, especially in the most marketable hybrids. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SA treatments on MD2 pineapple quality. The experiment consisted of two parts with applications pre and postharvest following the next treatments, control: No use of SA, and 5, 7 and 9 mM of SA. The total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid content, respiration rate, together with the severity and incidence of internal browning and flesh translucency were determined, after 40 days of cold storage. The treatment using 9 mM of SA in pre and postharvest delivered the best results, having the most elevated ascorbic acid (526.75 mg kg-1) and total acidity (0.8%), the lowest severity and incidence outcomes of internal browning and flesh translucency (0% in both cases), with the most reduced respiration rate values during postharvest. In conclusion, SA treatments with concentrations of 9 mM applied in pre and postharvest on MD2 pineapple can improve its quality after 40 days of cold storage.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazanin Khakipour, A. Torkashvand, Abbas Ahmadi, W. Weisany
The purpose of this study was to predict the percentage and yield of chamomile essential oils using the artificial neural network system based on some soil physicochemical properties. Several habitats of chamomile cultivation were investigated and 100 soil samples were shipped to the greenhouse. The maximum and minimum of pH, EC, K, OM (organic matter), CCE (calcium carbonate equivalent), and clay in soils were 8.75-7.94, 1.6-1.0, 381-135, 2.30-0.22, 69-16, and 55.6-32.0, respectively. Growth indices, essential oil percentage, and yield were measured. Artificial neural network modeling was carried out to predict the essential oil concentration and yield using three groups of soil properties as a predictor: 1- nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and clay; 2- pH, EC, organic matter (OM) and clay; 3- CCE, clay, silt, sand, N, P, K, OM, pH, and EC. So, three pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed using the multi-layer perceptron (MPL) with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm for estimating chamomile essential oil content. Results evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of showed that, the third PTF (PTF3) which developed by all independent variables had the highest accuracy and reliability. Results also showed that, it is possible to predict the concentration and yield of chamomile essential oil based on soil physicochemical properties. This issue is important in terms of land suitability, identify areas susceptible to chamomile cultivation and planning for essential oil yields.
{"title":"Prediction of chamomile essential oil yield (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by physicochemical characteristics of soil","authors":"Nazanin Khakipour, A. Torkashvand, Abbas Ahmadi, W. Weisany","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-13591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13591","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to predict the percentage and yield of chamomile essential oils using the artificial neural network system based on some soil physicochemical properties. Several habitats of chamomile cultivation were investigated and 100 soil samples were shipped to the greenhouse. The maximum and minimum of pH, EC, K, OM (organic matter), CCE (calcium carbonate equivalent), and clay in soils were 8.75-7.94, 1.6-1.0, 381-135, 2.30-0.22, 69-16, and 55.6-32.0, respectively. Growth indices, essential oil percentage, and yield were measured. Artificial neural network modeling was carried out to predict the essential oil concentration and yield using three groups of soil properties as a predictor: 1- nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and clay; 2- pH, EC, organic matter (OM) and clay; 3- CCE, clay, silt, sand, N, P, K, OM, pH, and EC. So, three pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed using the multi-layer perceptron (MPL) with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm for estimating chamomile essential oil content. Results evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of showed that, the third PTF (PTF3) which developed by all independent variables had the highest accuracy and reliability. Results also showed that, it is possible to predict the concentration and yield of chamomile essential oil based on soil physicochemical properties. This issue is important in terms of land suitability, identify areas susceptible to chamomile cultivation and planning for essential oil yields.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47212371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vanoli, G. Cortellino, V. Picchi, M. Buccheri, M. Grassi, F. Lovati, L. Marinoni, Pietro Levoni, A. Torricelli, L. Spinelli
The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) in determining the ripening degree and the quality of orange-fleshed melons. Sixty ‘Honey Moon’ melons were measured by TRS in the 540-1064 nm range and classified as less (LeM), medium (MeM), and more (MoM) mature according to increasing values of μa540. MoM fruit showed yellower peel color, slightly more orange pulp, higher juiciness and higher carotenoid contents than LeM ones. MoM fruit also showed higher internal ethylene concentration and lower firmness than LeM ones, even if the differences were not significant. The μa540 was positively related to internal ethylene, carotenoid accumulation, and juiciness, indicating that μa540 was linked to different ripening processes in melons. However, the relationship between μa540 and total carotenoid content was not as high as expected due to the low variability of pulp color and of carotenoid content. Changes in flesh color toward a more orange shade were accompanied by increased juiciness and ethylene production and by carotenoid accumulation, while changes in peel color were associated with changes in flesh firmness and juiciness. In conclusion, the absorption coefficient measured at 540 nm (μa540) by TRS could be used to sort melons in different ripening degrees; however, its applicability will need to be evaluated on a larger number of fruits and on other varieties.
{"title":"Non-destructive determination of ripening in melon fruit using time-resolved spectroscopy","authors":"M. Vanoli, G. Cortellino, V. Picchi, M. Buccheri, M. Grassi, F. Lovati, L. Marinoni, Pietro Levoni, A. Torricelli, L. Spinelli","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-13943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13943","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) in determining the ripening degree and the quality of orange-fleshed melons. Sixty ‘Honey Moon’ melons were measured by TRS in the 540-1064 nm range and classified as less (LeM), medium (MeM), and more (MoM) mature according to increasing values of μa540. MoM fruit showed yellower peel color, slightly more orange pulp, higher juiciness and higher carotenoid contents than LeM ones. MoM fruit also showed higher internal ethylene concentration and lower firmness than LeM ones, even if the differences were not significant. The μa540 was positively related to internal ethylene, carotenoid accumulation, and juiciness, indicating that μa540 was linked to different ripening processes in melons. However, the relationship between μa540 and total carotenoid content was not as high as expected due to the low variability of pulp color and of carotenoid content. Changes in flesh color toward a more orange shade were accompanied by increased juiciness and ethylene production and by carotenoid accumulation, while changes in peel color were associated with changes in flesh firmness and juiciness. In conclusion, the absorption coefficient measured at 540 nm (μa540) by TRS could be used to sort melons in different ripening degrees; however, its applicability will need to be evaluated on a larger number of fruits and on other varieties.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48427777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonia Corvino, R. Romaniello, M. Palumbo, I. Ricci, M. Cefola, S. Pelosi, B. Pace
Traditionally, strawberries are harvested manually when the typical colour of the cultivar does not reach at least 80% of the surface. The focus of this research activity is to develop an automatic system based on image analysis in order to objectively define the optimal harvest time. Strawberries (cv. Sabrosa), with different degrees of maturation, were analyzed in four different harvesting periods and subsequently selected and classified, based on the ripening percentage, in three maturity classes: R0-25, R50-70 and R75-100. Each class of 10 strawberries, evaluated in triplicate, was subjected to image analysis and physiological and qualitative evaluation by measuring the following parameters: respiration rate, pH, total soluble solids content, and titratable acidity. The images captured, by a digital camera, were processed using Matlab® software and all the data found were supported by multivariate analysis. The image processing has made it possible to create an algorithm measuring objectively the percentage and the saturation level of red assigning the fruits to each class. Principal component analysis shows that discriminating parameters are the Chroma and the red Area, then used in a Partial Last Square Regression (PLSR) model to predict the TSS/TA ratio with R2 of 0.7 and 0.6 for calibration and validation set, respectively.
{"title":"Image analysis to predict the maturity index of strawberries","authors":"Antonia Corvino, R. Romaniello, M. Palumbo, I. Ricci, M. Cefola, S. Pelosi, B. Pace","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-13856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13856","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, strawberries are harvested manually when the typical colour of the cultivar does not reach at least 80% of the surface. The focus of this research activity is to develop an automatic system based on image analysis in order to objectively define the optimal harvest time. Strawberries (cv. Sabrosa), with different degrees of maturation, were analyzed in four different harvesting periods and subsequently selected and classified, based on the ripening percentage, in three maturity classes: R0-25, R50-70 and R75-100. Each class of 10 strawberries, evaluated in triplicate, was subjected to image analysis and physiological and qualitative evaluation by measuring the following parameters: respiration rate, pH, total soluble solids content, and titratable acidity. The images captured, by a digital camera, were processed using Matlab® software and all the data found were supported by multivariate analysis. The image processing has made it possible to create an algorithm measuring objectively the percentage and the saturation level of red assigning the fruits to each class. Principal component analysis shows that discriminating parameters are the Chroma and the red Area, then used in a Partial Last Square Regression (PLSR) model to predict the TSS/TA ratio with R2 of 0.7 and 0.6 for calibration and validation set, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44311284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rastgoo, Fatemeh Bemani, Hamidreza Nooryazdan, Mahmood Izadi
Tissue-cultured (TC) date palms produce no fruit or low yield due to abnormal fruit setting. To improve the yield of TC ‘Berhi’ palms, trees were pollinated using five pollen sources (Gantar, Ghannami, Mazafati, Zahedi, and Jarvis). The experiment was carried out in three replications for two successive years in a randomized complete blocks design. The fruit set, the fruit and seed physical traits at the Khalal stage, bunch weight at the Tamar and Khalal stages, ripeness of Tamar bunch, and the fruit quality at both Khalal and Tamar stages were measured and monitored. Year factor significantly affected the fruit set and the fruit and seed characteristics. Pollen sources affected fruit set and some seed characteristics significantly. Zahedi+Jarvis pollen treatment that induced 50% normal fruit set and the highest ratio of pulp to seed was found superior. It was also a top treatment in Khalal’s bunch weight (3.11 Kg). Zahedi+Gantar treatment was realized superior in Tamar’s bunch weight (6.00 Kg). Ghannami, Jarvis+Ghannami, and Zahedi+Jarvis treatments produced Khalal’s fruits with higher quality indices but Zahedi+Jarvis treatment was superior in fruit quality at the Tamar stage. Overall, the combined application of Zahedi and Jarvis pollens yielded the most desired outcomes.
{"title":"Improving fruit set and yield of tissue cultured date palm cv. Berhi by using a combined pollination technique","authors":"S. Rastgoo, Fatemeh Bemani, Hamidreza Nooryazdan, Mahmood Izadi","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-13499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13499","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue-cultured (TC) date palms produce no fruit or low yield due to abnormal fruit setting. To improve the yield of TC ‘Berhi’ palms, trees were pollinated using five pollen sources (Gantar, Ghannami, Mazafati, Zahedi, and Jarvis). The experiment was carried out in three replications for two successive years in a randomized complete blocks design. The fruit set, the fruit and seed physical traits at the Khalal stage, bunch weight at the Tamar and Khalal stages, ripeness of Tamar bunch, and the fruit quality at both Khalal and Tamar stages were measured and monitored. Year factor significantly affected the fruit set and the fruit and seed characteristics. Pollen sources affected fruit set and some seed characteristics significantly. Zahedi+Jarvis pollen treatment that induced 50% normal fruit set and the highest ratio of pulp to seed was found superior. It was also a top treatment in Khalal’s bunch weight (3.11 Kg). Zahedi+Gantar treatment was realized superior in Tamar’s bunch weight (6.00 Kg). Ghannami, Jarvis+Ghannami, and Zahedi+Jarvis treatments produced Khalal’s fruits with higher quality indices but Zahedi+Jarvis treatment was superior in fruit quality at the Tamar stage. Overall, the combined application of Zahedi and Jarvis pollens yielded the most desired outcomes.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42193663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Cefola, I. Capotorto, V. Lippolis, Salvatore Cervellieri, A. Damascelli, R. Cozzolino, B. De Giulio, B. Pace
In addition to the adoption of proper temperature and relative humidity, the selection of an atmosphere surrounding packaged fresh produce with reduced O2 and/or increased CO2 is one of the most widely used and useful tools to prolong the shelf-life of horticultural crops. However, as O2 and/or CO2 values that might cause injury are strictly related to the commodity, they should be optimized for each product. Here three study cases are reported about the application of modified atmospheres (MA), with different CO2 concentrations (0-40 kPa), to table grapes (cv. Italia) and sweet cherries (cv. Ferrovia) and, as short-term treatment (48 h at 0 °C), to fresh-cut artichokes (cv. Violet de Provence). In each trial, the effect of high CO2 treatment on quality parameters was observed during cold storage. Concerning table grape “Italia”, our results show that low CO2 (up to 10kPa) MA preserved the quality and sensory parameters of the fruit, whereas high CO2 (> 20 kPa) caused a fermentative metabolism. As for sweet cherries 'Ferrovia', 20 kPa CO2 MA helped to maintain the quality traits during storage. On the other hand, this fruit proved to be sensitive to CO2 accumulation (over 20kPa) in hypoxic conditions, since it caused an increase in respiration rate and the biosynthesis of volatile fermentative metabolites. Finally, for fresh-cut artichokes, a short-term CO2 treatment, up to 10kPa, reduced respiration rate and browning index, preserving the volatile profile, while high CO2 (40 kPa) may have caused fermentative metabolism. In conclusion, the application of a MA enriched in CO2 has been shown to have different effects on the quality parameters of the three products, in agreement with the fact that CO2 sensibility depends on each specific fruit or vegetable under study.
除了采用适当的温度和相对湿度外，选择包装新鲜农产品周围的气氛，减少O2和/或增加CO2是延长园艺作物货架期最广泛使用和有用的工具之一。然而，由于可能造成伤害的O2和/或CO2值与商品严格相关，因此应针对每种产品进行优化。本文报道了三个不同CO2浓度(0-40 kPa)的改性气氛(MA)在鲜食葡萄(cv。意大利)和甜樱桃(cv。亚铁)和短期处理(在0°C下48小时)对鲜切洋蓟(cv。普罗旺斯的紫罗兰)。在每个试验中，观察高CO2处理对冷藏期间品质参数的影响。对于食用葡萄“意大利”，我们的研究结果表明，低CO2(高达10kPa) MA保存了果实的品质和感官参数，而高CO2 (bbb20 kPa)引起发酵代谢。20 kPa CO2 MA有利于甜樱桃‘Ferrovia’贮藏期间品质性状的保持。另一方面，这种果实在缺氧条件下对二氧化碳积累(超过20kPa)很敏感，因为它会增加呼吸速率和挥发性发酵代谢物的生物合成。最后，对于鲜切洋蓟，短期CO2处理，高达10kPa，降低了呼吸速率和褐变指数，保留了挥发性特征，而高CO2 (40 kPa)可能会引起发酵代谢。综上所述，应用富含CO2的MA对三种产品的质量参数有不同的影响，这与所研究的每种特定水果或蔬菜对CO2的敏感性取决于这一事实相一致。
{"title":"CO2 modified atmosphere packaging: stress condition or treatment to preserve fruit and vegetable quality?","authors":"M. Cefola, I. Capotorto, V. Lippolis, Salvatore Cervellieri, A. Damascelli, R. Cozzolino, B. De Giulio, B. Pace","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-13838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13838","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the adoption of proper temperature and relative humidity, the selection of an atmosphere surrounding packaged fresh produce with reduced O2 and/or increased CO2 is one of the most widely used and useful tools to prolong the shelf-life of horticultural crops. However, as O2 and/or CO2 values that might cause injury are strictly related to the commodity, they should be optimized for each product. Here three study cases are reported about the application of modified atmospheres (MA), with different CO2 concentrations (0-40 kPa), to table grapes (cv. Italia) and sweet cherries (cv. Ferrovia) and, as short-term treatment (48 h at 0 °C), to fresh-cut artichokes (cv. Violet de Provence). In each trial, the effect of high CO2 treatment on quality parameters was observed during cold storage. Concerning table grape “Italia”, our results show that low CO2 (up to 10kPa) MA preserved the quality and sensory parameters of the fruit, whereas high CO2 (> 20 kPa) caused a fermentative metabolism. As for sweet cherries 'Ferrovia', 20 kPa CO2 MA helped to maintain the quality traits during storage. On the other hand, this fruit proved to be sensitive to CO2 accumulation (over 20kPa) in hypoxic conditions, since it caused an increase in respiration rate and the biosynthesis of volatile fermentative metabolites. Finally, for fresh-cut artichokes, a short-term CO2 treatment, up to 10kPa, reduced respiration rate and browning index, preserving the volatile profile, while high CO2 (40 kPa) may have caused fermentative metabolism. In conclusion, the application of a MA enriched in CO2 has been shown to have different effects on the quality parameters of the three products, in agreement with the fact that CO2 sensibility depends on each specific fruit or vegetable under study.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44480983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different nitrogen forms and some biotreatments (Trichoderma viride, vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi) alone or in combination on vegetative growth, seed yield and some chemical traits of downy safflower (Carthamus lanatus L.). Nitrogen was supplied as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea at the rates (5, 3 and 2 g/plant, respectively). Bio treatments included Trichoderma viride, vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. The results showed that all nitrogen forms significantly increased the plant growth and yield, pigments content, and total carbohydrates in leaves and seeds, as well as N, P and K%, total phenols and oil content in seeds. All bio treatments significantly increased the tested parameters compared to control. The integration of ammonium sulfate with T. viride was the most effective treatment since determined the highest increases of the tested traits. Results showed that for enhancing downy safflower plant growth, and nutritional values of seed, the combined treatment of T. viride at 5 ml/plant and ammonium sulfate at 5 g/plant is recommended.
{"title":"Effect of different nitrogen forms and bio-treatments on the growth and seed yield of downy safflower (Carthamus lanatus)","authors":"H. Ashour, S. Esmail, A. B. El-Attar","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-12938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-12938","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different nitrogen forms and some biotreatments (Trichoderma viride, vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi) alone or in combination on vegetative growth, seed yield and some chemical traits of downy safflower (Carthamus lanatus L.). Nitrogen was supplied as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea at the rates (5, 3 and 2 g/plant, respectively). Bio treatments included Trichoderma viride, vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. The results showed that all nitrogen forms significantly increased the plant growth and yield, pigments content, and total carbohydrates in leaves and seeds, as well as N, P and K%, total phenols and oil content in seeds. All bio treatments significantly increased the tested parameters compared to control. The integration of ammonium sulfate with T. viride was the most effective treatment since determined the highest increases of the tested traits. Results showed that for enhancing downy safflower plant growth, and nutritional values of seed, the combined treatment of T. viride at 5 ml/plant and ammonium sulfate at 5 g/plant is recommended.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44418760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eugenia Guccione, A. Allegra, V. Farina, P. Inglese, G. Sortino
After cut, pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) during shelf-life can be subjected to colour and flavour changes. To maintain flesh colour and firmness, different technologies could be employed during shelf-life, such as chemical, physical and edible coating treatments. In the present study, the effects of two edible coating formulations containing xanthan gum and calcium ascorbate on fresh-cut pear fruit were investigated. After harvest, 200 fruits were cut and coated with Xanthan Gum (XAN) and distilled water or Xanthan gum + Calcium Ascorbate (ASC), respectively, while control (CTR) pear fruit slices were soaked in distilled water and lastly packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages sealed with a composite film (PP-PET). All samples were stored at 5±0.5°C with RH 90% for 10 days. Measurements were carried out at 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of storage evaluating visual quality score, browning index, color, total solid soluble content (TSS), flavor, ascorbic acid content and total phenols content. The results showed that ASC treatment was the most efficient treatment in terms of color changes, ascorbic acid content, visual quality score and browning index, until the 7th day of storage. Moreover, ASC treatment reported lower mean values in terms of taste and flavour score if compared to CTR and XAN treatments. Untreated pear slices (CTR) kept good values concerning flavor score until the 3rd day of storage while on the 5th and 7th day off-flavour values were the same as treated samples.
{"title":"Use of xanthan gum and calcium ascorbate to prolong cv. Butirra pear slices shelf life during storage","authors":"Eugenia Guccione, A. Allegra, V. Farina, P. Inglese, G. Sortino","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-13872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13872","url":null,"abstract":"After cut, pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) during shelf-life can be subjected to colour and flavour changes. To maintain flesh colour and firmness, different technologies could be employed during shelf-life, such as chemical, physical and edible coating treatments. In the present study, the effects of two edible coating formulations containing xanthan gum and calcium ascorbate on fresh-cut pear fruit were investigated. After harvest, 200 fruits were cut and coated with Xanthan Gum (XAN) and distilled water or Xanthan gum + Calcium Ascorbate (ASC), respectively, while control (CTR) pear fruit slices were soaked in distilled water and lastly packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages sealed with a composite film (PP-PET). All samples were stored at 5±0.5°C with RH 90% for 10 days. Measurements were carried out at 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of storage evaluating visual quality score, browning index, color, total solid soluble content (TSS), flavor, ascorbic acid content and total phenols content. The results showed that ASC treatment was the most efficient treatment in terms of color changes, ascorbic acid content, visual quality score and browning index, until the 7th day of storage. Moreover, ASC treatment reported lower mean values in terms of taste and flavour score if compared to CTR and XAN treatments. Untreated pear slices (CTR) kept good values concerning flavor score until the 3rd day of storage while on the 5th and 7th day off-flavour values were the same as treated samples.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49610477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Young leaves of Artemisia princeps Pamp. (Japanese mugwort), already used as a foodstuff in Japan, can be positioned as a functional health food because of remarkably higher contents of chlorogenic acid and total polyphenol compared to common vegetables. To procure young leaves in demand on a year-round basis by hydroponic production in fully artificial light-type plant factories, we investigated whether 24-h photoperiod, known to enhance some beneficial constituents, could improve the growth and chemical constituents of Japanese mugwort plants grown hydroponically in a plant factory condition. As we previously demonstrated that lowering the nutrient solution concentration increased chlorogenic acid and total polyphenol contents of the leaves without reducing the growth, plants were cultivated with a lower concentration of nutrient solution. The results indicated that it is possible to grow Japanese mugwort hydroponically under 24-h photoperiod in a plant factory condition with a nutrient solution concentration as low as 25% of the standard. In addition, under 24-h photoperiod, plant growth was greatly accelerated and chlorogenic acid as well as total polyphenol were increased, suggesting that 24-h photoperiod is highly beneficial for Japanese mugwort production in a fully artificial light-type plant factory.
{"title":"Effect of continuous lighting on the growth and leaf chemical components of Artemisia princeps grown hydroponically in a plant factory condition","authors":"N. Hata, M. Kawamura","doi":"10.36253/ahsc-12966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-12966","url":null,"abstract":"Young leaves of Artemisia princeps Pamp. (Japanese mugwort), already used as a foodstuff in Japan, can be positioned as a functional health food because of remarkably higher contents of chlorogenic acid and total polyphenol compared to common vegetables. To procure young leaves in demand on a year-round basis by hydroponic production in fully artificial light-type plant factories, we investigated whether 24-h photoperiod, known to enhance some beneficial constituents, could improve the growth and chemical constituents of Japanese mugwort plants grown hydroponically in a plant factory condition. As we previously demonstrated that lowering the nutrient solution concentration increased chlorogenic acid and total polyphenol contents of the leaves without reducing the growth, plants were cultivated with a lower concentration of nutrient solution. The results indicated that it is possible to grow Japanese mugwort hydroponically under 24-h photoperiod in a plant factory condition with a nutrient solution concentration as low as 25% of the standard. In addition, under 24-h photoperiod, plant growth was greatly accelerated and chlorogenic acid as well as total polyphenol were increased, suggesting that 24-h photoperiod is highly beneficial for Japanese mugwort production in a fully artificial light-type plant factory.","PeriodicalId":7339,"journal":{"name":"Advances in horticultural science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45305358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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