Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233828
Charles Sossa-Jerome, Lamidhi Salami, Rebecca Adjaffon, Moussiliou N. Paraiso
Background: The recurrence of cases lost to follow-up constitutes a major concern for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care programs, particularly in Africa. The present study was carried out to determine the economic and socio-behavioral factors associated with the status of loss to follow-up among HIV-infected patients followed at the Suru Lere Zonal Teaching Hospital Center in Benin. Methods: This was a case-control study carried out with 41 cases selected for convenience and 82 controls retained according to a reasoned choice. Matching was done on the variables age (±5 years), sex and year of initiation of treatment. The data collected using questionnaires and counting sheets then entered using the Epi data 3.1 software were analyzed using the STATA 11 software. A multiple conditional logistic regression model at the 5% threshold was used to determine factors associated with “lost to follow-up” status. Results: In the sample, the average age of the people surveyed was 41±9 years for both cases and controls and women were predominantly represented (63.41%). The factors associated with the status of loss to follow-up were the non-existence of a means of transport (p=0.008), the lack of nutritional support (p=0.01), incorrect knowledge about antiretroviral treatment such as “ARVs cure HIV/AIDS” (p=0.002) or “treatment can be stopped when you feel better” (p=0.014). Conclusions: This study revealed the significant association of “lost to follow-up” status with socio-demographic, economic and behavioral factors among people on ARV treatment. These results will lead to better guide the care of these patients and improve the performance of the AIDS control program.
{"title":"Socio-demographic, economic and behavioral determinants of loss to follow-up status among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in southern Benin in 2020","authors":"Charles Sossa-Jerome, Lamidhi Salami, Rebecca Adjaffon, Moussiliou N. Paraiso","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233828","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The recurrence of cases lost to follow-up constitutes a major concern for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care programs, particularly in Africa. The present study was carried out to determine the economic and socio-behavioral factors associated with the status of loss to follow-up among HIV-infected patients followed at the Suru Lere Zonal Teaching Hospital Center in Benin.\u0000Methods: This was a case-control study carried out with 41 cases selected for convenience and 82 controls retained according to a reasoned choice. Matching was done on the variables age (±5 years), sex and year of initiation of treatment. The data collected using questionnaires and counting sheets then entered using the Epi data 3.1 software were analyzed using the STATA 11 software. A multiple conditional logistic regression model at the 5% threshold was used to determine factors associated with “lost to follow-up” status.\u0000Results: In the sample, the average age of the people surveyed was 41±9 years for both cases and controls and women were predominantly represented (63.41%). The factors associated with the status of loss to follow-up were the non-existence of a means of transport (p=0.008), the lack of nutritional support (p=0.01), incorrect knowledge about antiretroviral treatment such as “ARVs cure HIV/AIDS” (p=0.002) or “treatment can be stopped when you feel better” (p=0.014).\u0000Conclusions: This study revealed the significant association of “lost to follow-up” status with socio-demographic, economic and behavioral factors among people on ARV treatment. These results will lead to better guide the care of these patients and improve the performance of the AIDS control program.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233831
Khaled Swailem Alzahrani, Khulood Majed Almutairi, A. Alsulami, Abdulrhman Mohmmed Aseeri, Mohammed Ahmed Alqarni, Arwa Ahmad Haffah, Muhannad Fahad Alqahtani, Mohammed Fahad Almistadi, Saad Ali Bin Muaddi, H. A. Ayoub
Managing the treatment of fungal infections, in healthcare facilities is extremely important as drug resistance continues to rise. It's crucial to have programs that oversee the use of antibiotics which can help reduce the emergence of resistance. Rapid diagnostic tools like polymerase chain reaction and next generation sequencing (PCR and NGS) are helpful in targeting treatment plans. Implementing rigorous infection control protocols can effectively reduce the transmission of infections, within healthcare facilities. Collaborative efforts between specialists ensure customized treatment plans that address resistance profiles. Combating evolving drug resistance involves approaches such as combination therapy and immunotherapies. Educating healthcare workers and patients about infection prevention and control is essential. Surveillance and epidemiology play a role in tracking resistance patterns, which in turn guide interventions. International cooperation is crucial due to travel patterns. Continuous research and innovation are essential for management providing insights into treatment effectiveness and mechanisms of resistance. The clinical implications of drug resistance such as increased severity, treatment failures and limited options underscore the need, for an approach. In conclusion, it is imperative to have clinical management strategies to tackle the challenges posed by emerging drug pathogens while safeguarding patient outcomes and public health.
{"title":"Emerging bacterial and fungal pathogens in healthcare and the threat of drug resistance","authors":"Khaled Swailem Alzahrani, Khulood Majed Almutairi, A. Alsulami, Abdulrhman Mohmmed Aseeri, Mohammed Ahmed Alqarni, Arwa Ahmad Haffah, Muhannad Fahad Alqahtani, Mohammed Fahad Almistadi, Saad Ali Bin Muaddi, H. A. Ayoub","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233831","url":null,"abstract":"Managing the treatment of fungal infections, in healthcare facilities is extremely important as drug resistance continues to rise. It's crucial to have programs that oversee the use of antibiotics which can help reduce the emergence of resistance. Rapid diagnostic tools like polymerase chain reaction and next generation sequencing (PCR and NGS) are helpful in targeting treatment plans. Implementing rigorous infection control protocols can effectively reduce the transmission of infections, within healthcare facilities. Collaborative efforts between specialists ensure customized treatment plans that address resistance profiles. Combating evolving drug resistance involves approaches such as combination therapy and immunotherapies. Educating healthcare workers and patients about infection prevention and control is essential. Surveillance and epidemiology play a role in tracking resistance patterns, which in turn guide interventions. International cooperation is crucial due to travel patterns. Continuous research and innovation are essential for management providing insights into treatment effectiveness and mechanisms of resistance. The clinical implications of drug resistance such as increased severity, treatment failures and limited options underscore the need, for an approach. In conclusion, it is imperative to have clinical management strategies to tackle the challenges posed by emerging drug pathogens while safeguarding patient outcomes and public health.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233829
A. F. Aborukbah, Hisham A. Elbashir, Mohammad R. Alajmi, Faten S. B. Milhah, Y. K. Shagdar, N. A. Albadrani, Mohammed M. Ashoor, Aminah H AlAli, Shahad A. Aldohayan, Abdulaziz M. Alqahtani, Abdulaziz M. Asiri
Orthopaedic sports injuries encompass a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions resulting from the physical demands of athletic activities. These injuries can vary from acute, such as sprains and fractures, to chronic overuse syndromes like tendinopathies. Prevalent due to the global enthusiasm for sports, they affect bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. The etiology of these injuries is multifactorial, stemming from biomechanical stressors, training methods, genetics, and environmental conditions. Advanced imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging and Computed tomography have revolutionized the assessment and diagnosis of these injuries, aiding in treatment decisions and return-to-play criteria. Injury prevention is paramount and involves understanding intrinsic (athlete-related) and extrinsic (environmental) risk factors. Strategies include pre-participation screening, strength and conditioning programs, biomechanical analysis, neuromuscular training, proper equipment use, rule changes, education, and creating a safety-conscious culture. Effective prevention reduces the burden of these injuries. Treatment strategies range from conservative approaches to surgery, depending on the type and severity of the injury. Emerging trends in sports medicine, including biologic therapies and telemedicine, offer promising avenues for improved diagnosis and recovery. The holistic approach to orthopaedic sports injuries encompasses prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, ensuring athletes' well-being and longevity in their chosen sports.
{"title":"Orthopedic sports injuries: advanced imaging modalities, return-to-play criteria, and injury prevention","authors":"A. F. Aborukbah, Hisham A. Elbashir, Mohammad R. Alajmi, Faten S. B. Milhah, Y. K. Shagdar, N. A. Albadrani, Mohammed M. Ashoor, Aminah H AlAli, Shahad A. Aldohayan, Abdulaziz M. Alqahtani, Abdulaziz M. Asiri","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233829","url":null,"abstract":"Orthopaedic sports injuries encompass a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions resulting from the physical demands of athletic activities. These injuries can vary from acute, such as sprains and fractures, to chronic overuse syndromes like tendinopathies. Prevalent due to the global enthusiasm for sports, they affect bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. The etiology of these injuries is multifactorial, stemming from biomechanical stressors, training methods, genetics, and environmental conditions. Advanced imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging and Computed tomography have revolutionized the assessment and diagnosis of these injuries, aiding in treatment decisions and return-to-play criteria. Injury prevention is paramount and involves understanding intrinsic (athlete-related) and extrinsic (environmental) risk factors. Strategies include pre-participation screening, strength and conditioning programs, biomechanical analysis, neuromuscular training, proper equipment use, rule changes, education, and creating a safety-conscious culture. Effective prevention reduces the burden of these injuries. Treatment strategies range from conservative approaches to surgery, depending on the type and severity of the injury. Emerging trends in sports medicine, including biologic therapies and telemedicine, offer promising avenues for improved diagnosis and recovery. The holistic approach to orthopaedic sports injuries encompasses prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, ensuring athletes' well-being and longevity in their chosen sports.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233830
Fatimah A. Alghamdi, Zahrah A. Alahmed, Safa Y. Sowadi, Zahraa A. Alkhulaif, Sakinah W. Bubshait, Laila M. Alsiyahi, Abdulrahman H. Alqarni, Fatimah H. Alhajji, Hamed B. Aljameeli, Abdullah S. Alharbi
Palliative care plays a role in meeting the needs of individuals facing life limiting illnesses. One of the aspects of this specialized healthcare approach is effectively managing pain. Understanding types of pain from nociceptive to neuropathic is essential in navigating the nature of pain within a palliative care setting. Nursing strategies for pain management adopt an approach that addresses sources and aspects of pain. Alongside medication management, including opioids and complementary medications, non-pharmacological interventions such as therapy, massage and music therapy are utilized. Continuous monitoring, collaboration, patient education and addressing dimensions are crucial elements in nursing strategies. Nurses also serve as advocates, in navigating considerations related to pain management while ensuring autonomy and shared decision making. This exploration highlights the multifaceted contributions that nurses make in managing pain. It underscores the importance of research, education and fostering an organizational culture. Efforts, like these play a role in improving the efficiency of nursing practices in the changing field of palliative care. To sum up nursing shines as a guiding light, in providing evidence-based care greatly enhancing the quality of life for individuals confronting illnesses with limited time.
{"title":"Nursing role and strategy in pain management in palliative care","authors":"Fatimah A. Alghamdi, Zahrah A. Alahmed, Safa Y. Sowadi, Zahraa A. Alkhulaif, Sakinah W. Bubshait, Laila M. Alsiyahi, Abdulrahman H. Alqarni, Fatimah H. Alhajji, Hamed B. Aljameeli, Abdullah S. Alharbi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233830","url":null,"abstract":"Palliative care plays a role in meeting the needs of individuals facing life limiting illnesses. One of the aspects of this specialized healthcare approach is effectively managing pain. Understanding types of pain from nociceptive to neuropathic is essential in navigating the nature of pain within a palliative care setting. Nursing strategies for pain management adopt an approach that addresses sources and aspects of pain. Alongside medication management, including opioids and complementary medications, non-pharmacological interventions such as therapy, massage and music therapy are utilized. Continuous monitoring, collaboration, patient education and addressing dimensions are crucial elements in nursing strategies. Nurses also serve as advocates, in navigating considerations related to pain management while ensuring autonomy and shared decision making. This exploration highlights the multifaceted contributions that nurses make in managing pain. It underscores the importance of research, education and fostering an organizational culture. Efforts, like these play a role in improving the efficiency of nursing practices in the changing field of palliative care. To sum up nursing shines as a guiding light, in providing evidence-based care greatly enhancing the quality of life for individuals confronting illnesses with limited time.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233825
Omar Oraibi, Mohammed Somaili, Essa Jaawna, Sarah Alfaraj, Jalal Majhali, Alhanouf H Zuqayl, Abdulrahman Hadadi, Ruba Ageeli, Khawla Modawi, Alaa Najmi, Abdullah Majrashi, Luai Alhazmi, Bassem Oraibi, Eman Bahkali
Background: Numerous studies have assessed the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among Saudi individuals and correlated depression and anxiety with vitamin D deficiency. However, studies have not looked at these factors in Saudi Arabia's Jazan medical students. The current study aimed to clarify the relationship between low vitamin D levels, depression, anxiety, and academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Jazan university. The dependent variables were depression and anxiety, and their association with covariates, including sex, marital status, GPA, BMI, vitamin D level, and physical exercise, was evaluated. The 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale, which has been validated, was utilized. Results: Of 252 students, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 54.4%; anxiety, 62.3%; and depression 68.7%. Comparatively, more female students than male students were vitamin D deficient. Stress was found to be substantially related to vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001). Anxiety was also significantly related to vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001), wherein the students with anxiety had a considerably higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than those without anxiety (84% vs. 32.5%). Similarly, depression was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001), wherein students with depression were much more likely to get vitamin D deficiency than students without depression (86.7% vs. 27.5%)-no significant association otherwise with other variables. Conclusions: Stress, depression, and anxiety are associated with vitamin D deficiency. This finding highlights the importance of mental health promotion among medical students owing to its link to quality of life and academic performance.
{"title":"Investigating the link between vitamin d deficiency and depression and anxiety in medical students at Jazan university: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Omar Oraibi, Mohammed Somaili, Essa Jaawna, Sarah Alfaraj, Jalal Majhali, Alhanouf H Zuqayl, Abdulrahman Hadadi, Ruba Ageeli, Khawla Modawi, Alaa Najmi, Abdullah Majrashi, Luai Alhazmi, Bassem Oraibi, Eman Bahkali","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233825","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Numerous studies have assessed the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among Saudi individuals and correlated depression and anxiety with vitamin D deficiency. However, studies have not looked at these factors in Saudi Arabia's Jazan medical students. The current study aimed to clarify the relationship between low vitamin D levels, depression, anxiety, and academic performance.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Jazan university. The dependent variables were depression and anxiety, and their association with covariates, including sex, marital status, GPA, BMI, vitamin D level, and physical exercise, was evaluated. The 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale, which has been validated, was utilized.\u0000Results: Of 252 students, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 54.4%; anxiety, 62.3%; and depression 68.7%. Comparatively, more female students than male students were vitamin D deficient. Stress was found to be substantially related to vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001). Anxiety was also significantly related to vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001), wherein the students with anxiety had a considerably higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than those without anxiety (84% vs. 32.5%). Similarly, depression was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001), wherein students with depression were much more likely to get vitamin D deficiency than students without depression (86.7% vs. 27.5%)-no significant association otherwise with other variables.\u0000Conclusions: Stress, depression, and anxiety are associated with vitamin D deficiency. This finding highlights the importance of mental health promotion among medical students owing to its link to quality of life and academic performance.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233538
Razin Hassan Subahi, Nouf Abduallah Al Sultan, Raghdan Adel Hafiz, Abdullah Hussain Alasmari, Sabirin Habeeb Almahdi, Ali Obaid Al Harbi, Talal Suliman Alsobhi, Mohammad Abdulrahman Algamdi, Naif Fahhad Alshammari, Nora Mohammed Khashab, Haneen Ali Al-Qahtani
Implant-retained overdentures have revolutionized dental prosthetics, addressing the limitations of traditional removable dentures. These overdentures rely on attachment systems to anchor them to dental implants or abutments, improving stability, retention, and functionality. Common attachment systems include locator attachments, bar attachments, magnets, Hader clips, ERA attachments, telescopic crowns, and OT equator attachments. Each offers unique benefits and retention levels. Implant survival rates are influenced by various factors, including attachment type, but overall, attachment choice may not be the primary determinant of implant success. Attachment systems that evenly distribute forces, like bar attachments, contribute to implant stability. Marginal bone loss can affect implant stability and is influenced by attachment systems. Precision attachments, such as telescopic crowns, have shown reduced marginal bone loss in practice. Soft tissue complications, including inflammation and mucositis, vary by attachment but can be managed with proper oral hygiene. Retention, crucial for function, varies with attachment type and implant number. More implants generally improve retention, although it may decrease over time. Bar attachments typically provide superior retention. Maintenance is essential, with some debate over whether bar or stud designs entail more upkeep. Patient satisfaction is high with both bar and ball attachments, while magnets may pose retention issues. The choice of attachment depends on patient needs and clinical factors, with regular follow-up and maintenance essential for long-term success.
{"title":"An overview of implant overdenture attachment systems","authors":"Razin Hassan Subahi, Nouf Abduallah Al Sultan, Raghdan Adel Hafiz, Abdullah Hussain Alasmari, Sabirin Habeeb Almahdi, Ali Obaid Al Harbi, Talal Suliman Alsobhi, Mohammad Abdulrahman Algamdi, Naif Fahhad Alshammari, Nora Mohammed Khashab, Haneen Ali Al-Qahtani","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233538","url":null,"abstract":"Implant-retained overdentures have revolutionized dental prosthetics, addressing the limitations of traditional removable dentures. These overdentures rely on attachment systems to anchor them to dental implants or abutments, improving stability, retention, and functionality. Common attachment systems include locator attachments, bar attachments, magnets, Hader clips, ERA attachments, telescopic crowns, and OT equator attachments. Each offers unique benefits and retention levels. Implant survival rates are influenced by various factors, including attachment type, but overall, attachment choice may not be the primary determinant of implant success. Attachment systems that evenly distribute forces, like bar attachments, contribute to implant stability. Marginal bone loss can affect implant stability and is influenced by attachment systems. Precision attachments, such as telescopic crowns, have shown reduced marginal bone loss in practice. Soft tissue complications, including inflammation and mucositis, vary by attachment but can be managed with proper oral hygiene. Retention, crucial for function, varies with attachment type and implant number. More implants generally improve retention, although it may decrease over time. Bar attachments typically provide superior retention. Maintenance is essential, with some debate over whether bar or stud designs entail more upkeep. Patient satisfaction is high with both bar and ball attachments, while magnets may pose retention issues. The choice of attachment depends on patient needs and clinical factors, with regular follow-up and maintenance essential for long-term success.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233529
Waleed Abdulrahim Aljehani, Nouf Abdullah Alsultan, Abdulaziz Ali Altwirki, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ibrahim, Mohammed Saud Almutarrid, Lama Abdullah Alshahrani, Mayada Fahad Alolayan, Manar Ali Assiri, Naif Awdhah Alzahrani, Afaf Saleh Bu Essa, Renad Ahmed Faden
Dental anomalies, which stem from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors during the phases of tooth development, can have multifaceted effects on the appearance, function, and alignment of teeth within the upper and lower jaw. These anomalies are primarily categorized into four main types based on the variations in the number, size, shape, and eruption timing of teeth. They manifest in diverse forms, such as missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, malformed teeth, and irregular tooth positioning. Restorative dentistry serves as a crucial avenue to rectify these anomalies, aiming to not only enhance the functionality but also the aesthetics of affected teeth, thus bolstering the overall oral health and quality of life of patients. It is of particular significance to consider temporary restorative treatments for children with dento-facial abnormalities, not only to address physical concerns but also to mitigate potential psychological trauma and bullying. Additionally, dental anomalies can heighten the susceptibility to dental caries, periodontal diseases, and occlusal irregularities, potentially necessitating intricate and costly dental interventions over time. The research project, initiated on October 12th, 2023, stems from a comprehensive exploration of existing academic literature, encompassing databases such as PubMed, web of science, and Cochrane. Restorative treatment options in modern dentistry offer a comprehensive approach to addressing structural, functional, and aesthetic irregularities in teeth. Prosthodontic solutions, including crowns, bridges, dental implants, and veneers, restore form and function while enhancing aesthetics. Endodontic and operative procedures, such as root canal therapy and dental fillings, preserve teeth, alleviate discomfort, and prevent complications. Orthodontic treatments like braces and Invisalign correct misalignments, improving both function and aesthetics. Surgical approaches, such as orthognathic surgery and impacted tooth removal, are reserved for severe cases. Treatment choices depend on the specific anomaly, emphasizing early intervention for improved oral health and overall well-being.
牙齿畸形是牙齿发育过程中遗传和环境因素复杂相互作用的结果，对上下颌牙齿的外观、功能和排列有多方面的影响。根据牙齿数量、大小、形状和出牙时间的变化，这些异常主要分为四种类型。其表现形式多种多样，如缺牙、多牙、畸形牙、牙位不规则等。修复牙科是矫正这些异常的重要途径，旨在不仅增强功能，而且改善受影响牙齿的美观，从而增强整体口腔健康和患者的生活质量。特别重要的是考虑对牙齿-面部异常的儿童进行临时修复治疗，不仅可以解决身体问题，还可以减轻潜在的心理创伤和欺凌。此外，牙齿异常会增加龋齿、牙周病和咬合不规则的易感性，随着时间的推移，可能需要复杂而昂贵的牙科干预。该研究项目于2023年10月12日启动，源于对现有学术文献的全面探索，包括PubMed、web of science和Cochrane等数据库。在现代牙科修复治疗方案提供了一个全面的方法来解决结构，功能和美观不规则的牙齿。修复解决方案，包括牙冠、牙桥、种植体和贴面，在增强美观的同时恢复形状和功能。牙髓治疗和手术治疗，如根管治疗和牙齿填充物，可以保护牙齿，减轻不适，防止并发症。正畸治疗，如牙套和Invisalign矫正错位，改善功能和美观。手术方法，如正颌手术和阻生牙的去除，保留给严重的病例。治疗选择取决于具体的异常，强调早期干预，以改善口腔健康和整体福祉。
{"title":"Restorative approaches for managing dental anomalies","authors":"Waleed Abdulrahim Aljehani, Nouf Abdullah Alsultan, Abdulaziz Ali Altwirki, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ibrahim, Mohammed Saud Almutarrid, Lama Abdullah Alshahrani, Mayada Fahad Alolayan, Manar Ali Assiri, Naif Awdhah Alzahrani, Afaf Saleh Bu Essa, Renad Ahmed Faden","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233529","url":null,"abstract":"Dental anomalies, which stem from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors during the phases of tooth development, can have multifaceted effects on the appearance, function, and alignment of teeth within the upper and lower jaw. These anomalies are primarily categorized into four main types based on the variations in the number, size, shape, and eruption timing of teeth. They manifest in diverse forms, such as missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, malformed teeth, and irregular tooth positioning. Restorative dentistry serves as a crucial avenue to rectify these anomalies, aiming to not only enhance the functionality but also the aesthetics of affected teeth, thus bolstering the overall oral health and quality of life of patients. It is of particular significance to consider temporary restorative treatments for children with dento-facial abnormalities, not only to address physical concerns but also to mitigate potential psychological trauma and bullying. Additionally, dental anomalies can heighten the susceptibility to dental caries, periodontal diseases, and occlusal irregularities, potentially necessitating intricate and costly dental interventions over time. The research project, initiated on October 12th, 2023, stems from a comprehensive exploration of existing academic literature, encompassing databases such as PubMed, web of science, and Cochrane. Restorative treatment options in modern dentistry offer a comprehensive approach to addressing structural, functional, and aesthetic irregularities in teeth. Prosthodontic solutions, including crowns, bridges, dental implants, and veneers, restore form and function while enhancing aesthetics. Endodontic and operative procedures, such as root canal therapy and dental fillings, preserve teeth, alleviate discomfort, and prevent complications. Orthodontic treatments like braces and Invisalign correct misalignments, improving both function and aesthetics. Surgical approaches, such as orthognathic surgery and impacted tooth removal, are reserved for severe cases. Treatment choices depend on the specific anomaly, emphasizing early intervention for improved oral health and overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233527
Zayed Alnefaie, Rawan A. Alhazmi, Eilaf S. Alahmadi, Wafa M. Almuallim, Zainab I. Aljurfi, Samirah M. Kouki
Background: Burnout is a psychological condition that results from an excessive workload and a perfectionism-driven obsession. Prolonged exposure to these conditions can create physical symptoms, resulting in various diseases. Due to their demands and obligations, medical students and healthcare professionals are particularly at risk of burning out. The study aimed to calculate the prevalence of burnout among Saudi medical students. Methods: A total sample of 278 participants was taken. MBI was adapted and translated into Arabic in this study to find the prevalence of burnout. Data was analyzed on IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), and descriptive and chi-square tests were applied. Results: 33.4% of participants were males and 66.6% were females. Only 12.35 students were recorded to be smokers. The overall prevalence of burnout among students was 215, while 80.2% of students had low PA; in the case of emotional exhaustion, 21.2% fell to a high degree, and 28% had high degree depersonalization. Conclusions: The most common type of burnout among Saudi medical students is because of low personal accomplishment. Further studies should be conducted to understand better the problem prevailing in medical students so policies can be formed accordingly.
{"title":"Prevalence of burnout among medical students in Saudi Arabia universities","authors":"Zayed Alnefaie, Rawan A. Alhazmi, Eilaf S. Alahmadi, Wafa M. Almuallim, Zainab I. Aljurfi, Samirah M. Kouki","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233527","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Burnout is a psychological condition that results from an excessive workload and a perfectionism-driven obsession. Prolonged exposure to these conditions can create physical symptoms, resulting in various diseases. Due to their demands and obligations, medical students and healthcare professionals are particularly at risk of burning out. The study aimed to calculate the prevalence of burnout among Saudi medical students. Methods: A total sample of 278 participants was taken. MBI was adapted and translated into Arabic in this study to find the prevalence of burnout. Data was analyzed on IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), and descriptive and chi-square tests were applied. Results: 33.4% of participants were males and 66.6% were females. Only 12.35 students were recorded to be smokers. The overall prevalence of burnout among students was 215, while 80.2% of students had low PA; in the case of emotional exhaustion, 21.2% fell to a high degree, and 28% had high degree depersonalization. Conclusions: The most common type of burnout among Saudi medical students is because of low personal accomplishment. Further studies should be conducted to understand better the problem prevailing in medical students so policies can be formed accordingly.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233530
Shada Omar Baoum, Abdulqader Ali Sumayli, Rahaf Osama Algahtani, Aseel Mohammed Alshilash, Emtenan Ali Esmael, Ahmad Abdrabalamier Alfajri, Aisha Wasl Alharbi, Sarah Ali Alenezi, Amani Izzeldin Ahmed, Abdulaziz Saeed Al Arfaj, Haya Hamad Alshehri
Vaccination is a very important spectrum for building immunity to fight certain infections. Doing vaccination on the mother as well as the baby, which safeguards both of them, is known as maternal immunization. After childbirth, babies are prone to get infected by many diseases as their immunity is inferior during that time. Over the years, numerous studies have shown that vaccinating mothers can effectively reduce the risk of illnesses such as smallpox, polio, etc. This vaccination process helps strengthen the body's system and enables it to combat these diseases effectively when necessary. This approach works by boosting the transfer of antibodies from the person to the fetus through the placenta, providing passive immunity to the infant during their initial months of life until they become eligible for their own vaccines. In addition to protecting infants, maternal immunization can also help prevent complications for individuals caused by infections that could impact their health and pregnancy outcomes. This review focuses on discussing the significance, indications, and safety of immunization for diseases that pose a high risk to both pregnant individuals and their infants.
{"title":"Importance, indication and safety of maternal immunization","authors":"Shada Omar Baoum, Abdulqader Ali Sumayli, Rahaf Osama Algahtani, Aseel Mohammed Alshilash, Emtenan Ali Esmael, Ahmad Abdrabalamier Alfajri, Aisha Wasl Alharbi, Sarah Ali Alenezi, Amani Izzeldin Ahmed, Abdulaziz Saeed Al Arfaj, Haya Hamad Alshehri","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233530","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is a very important spectrum for building immunity to fight certain infections. Doing vaccination on the mother as well as the baby, which safeguards both of them, is known as maternal immunization. After childbirth, babies are prone to get infected by many diseases as their immunity is inferior during that time. Over the years, numerous studies have shown that vaccinating mothers can effectively reduce the risk of illnesses such as smallpox, polio, etc. This vaccination process helps strengthen the body's system and enables it to combat these diseases effectively when necessary. This approach works by boosting the transfer of antibodies from the person to the fetus through the placenta, providing passive immunity to the infant during their initial months of life until they become eligible for their own vaccines. In addition to protecting infants, maternal immunization can also help prevent complications for individuals caused by infections that could impact their health and pregnancy outcomes. This review focuses on discussing the significance, indications, and safety of immunization for diseases that pose a high risk to both pregnant individuals and their infants.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aims to evaluate breast cancer awareness among AL-Rayan colleges female students in Al Medina Al Munawara Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 female students from Al-Rayan medical colleges in Al Medina Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected through an Arabic version of the modified breast cancer awareness measure (Breast CAM) version 2 which is a validated and reliable then administered online and distributed via social media platforms. Analysis was done by IBM SPSS version 28 and involved descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and percentiles, while factors associated with awareness levels were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test Results: The participants' mean awareness level was 17.2±7.5 out of 31, out of the total participants 52.6% had a poor awareness level. Out of the participants surveyed, only 42.6%, accurately understood the recommended frequency of conducting self-examinations each month, as secondary prevention only 33% of participants were aware of the best time to start mammography. Only a limited percentage of participants (37.8% and 47.1% respectively) demonstrated knowledge of early menopause and late menopause as potential contributing factors. There was a significant relationship between awareness level and age (p=0.001) and academic year (p=0.001). Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of continued efforts to educate and raise awareness about breast cancer and its early detection methods among young women. the study demonstrated varying levels of understanding among participants. The overall knowledge assessment indicated that a considerable proportion of participants had moderate knowledge of breast cancer.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study on breast cancer awareness among female students in Al-Rayan colleges in Al Medina Al Munawara","authors":"Lobna Mohamed Saber, Adeebah Ayedh Alharbi, Ghadah Yousef Aljohani, Lamyaa Abdulrahman Alanazi, Maryam Abdulmonem Alnakli, Mona Bdh M. Almahdi, Rehab Turki Al Saleemi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233528","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aims to evaluate breast cancer awareness among AL-Rayan colleges female students in Al Medina Al Munawara Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 female students from Al-Rayan medical colleges in Al Medina Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected through an Arabic version of the modified breast cancer awareness measure (Breast CAM) version 2 which is a validated and reliable then administered online and distributed via social media platforms. Analysis was done by IBM SPSS version 28 and involved descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and percentiles, while factors associated with awareness levels were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test Results: The participants' mean awareness level was 17.2±7.5 out of 31, out of the total participants 52.6% had a poor awareness level. Out of the participants surveyed, only 42.6%, accurately understood the recommended frequency of conducting self-examinations each month, as secondary prevention only 33% of participants were aware of the best time to start mammography. Only a limited percentage of participants (37.8% and 47.1% respectively) demonstrated knowledge of early menopause and late menopause as potential contributing factors. There was a significant relationship between awareness level and age (p=0.001) and academic year (p=0.001). Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of continued efforts to educate and raise awareness about breast cancer and its early detection methods among young women. the study demonstrated varying levels of understanding among participants. The overall knowledge assessment indicated that a considerable proportion of participants had moderate knowledge of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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