Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233854
A. Aljefri, Mazen Saud Alharthi, Farhan Mufarreh Almadari, Hassan Abdualmohsin Alazwari, Zafer Ali Alshahrani, Abdullah Abdulelah Alanazi, Afnan Qasem Al Gadani, Ahmed Ali Aljawad, Faris Mohammed Qattan, Abdulrahman Hassan Shuraym, Aisha Nour Almutary
The use of biomarkers in emergency situations represents a change in modern healthcare. This review examines their impact in emergencies focusing on how they improve the accuracy of diagnoses, provide insights into prognosis and aid in treatment decisions. Notably troponins (I and T) are effective in diagnosing myocardial infarction enabling targeted interventions and risk assessment for cardiovascular emergencies. In cases of sepsis procalcitonin helps distinguish infections and influences decisions about therapy, which is crucial for global efforts against resistance. S100B, a biomarker used in emergencies assists in prioritizing cases of brain injury. To prevent harm, serum markers like creatinine and cystatin C guide interventions for hepatic emergencies. For trauma and hematological emergencies D dimer and lactate provide prognostic information. Ongoing research is exploring biomarkers well as the integration of artificial intelligence offering promising advancements for the future. The clinical significance of biomarkers highlights a commitment to approaches that contribute to the ever-evolving field of emergency medicine and ultimately enhance patient care.
在紧急情况下使用生物标记物代表着现代医疗保健的变革。这篇综述探讨了生物标记物在紧急情况下的影响，重点是它们如何提高诊断的准确性、洞察预后并帮助做出治疗决定。值得注意的是，肌钙蛋白（I 和 T）能有效诊断心肌梗塞，从而对心血管紧急情况进行有针对性的干预和风险评估。在败血症病例中，降钙素原有助于区分感染并影响治疗决策，这对全球抗击耐药性的努力至关重要。S100B 是一种在紧急情况下使用的生物标志物，有助于对脑损伤病例进行优先排序。为防止伤害，血清标志物如肌酐和胱抑素 C 可指导肝脏急症的干预措施。对于创伤和血液急症，D 二聚体和乳酸可提供预后信息。目前正在进行的研究正在探索生物标记物以及人工智能的整合，为未来提供了可喜的进步。生物标志物的临床意义凸显了我们对不断发展的急诊医学领域做出贡献的方法的承诺，并最终加强了对患者的护理。
{"title":"The use of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of emergency medical conditions","authors":"A. Aljefri, Mazen Saud Alharthi, Farhan Mufarreh Almadari, Hassan Abdualmohsin Alazwari, Zafer Ali Alshahrani, Abdullah Abdulelah Alanazi, Afnan Qasem Al Gadani, Ahmed Ali Aljawad, Faris Mohammed Qattan, Abdulrahman Hassan Shuraym, Aisha Nour Almutary","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233854","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biomarkers in emergency situations represents a change in modern healthcare. This review examines their impact in emergencies focusing on how they improve the accuracy of diagnoses, provide insights into prognosis and aid in treatment decisions. Notably troponins (I and T) are effective in diagnosing myocardial infarction enabling targeted interventions and risk assessment for cardiovascular emergencies. In cases of sepsis procalcitonin helps distinguish infections and influences decisions about therapy, which is crucial for global efforts against resistance. S100B, a biomarker used in emergencies assists in prioritizing cases of brain injury. To prevent harm, serum markers like creatinine and cystatin C guide interventions for hepatic emergencies. For trauma and hematological emergencies D dimer and lactate provide prognostic information. Ongoing research is exploring biomarkers well as the integration of artificial intelligence offering promising advancements for the future. The clinical significance of biomarkers highlights a commitment to approaches that contribute to the ever-evolving field of emergency medicine and ultimately enhance patient care.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233861
M. Y. Abdullah, Khaled Fahad Al Ouqla, Mohammed Saleh Alnakhli, Majed Ali Asiri, Areej Ali Hamdi, Mohammed Abdullah Al Bakrah, Narjes Taysir Alnasiry, Meshari Zainalabidin Alshareef, Hanan H Alahmed, Fatimah Mohammed Aljubran, Afnan Hamdan Alanazi
Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, is characterized by consistently elevated blood force against artery walls. Managing hypertension involves lifestyle adjustments and, when necessary, medication. Telehealth is instrumental in transforming hypertension management, utilizing technology to enhance remote monitoring, engage patients, and enhance overall outcomes. This review seeks to amalgamate existing literature and advancements in telehealth applications specific to hypertension, offering a comprehensive understanding of the present knowledge landscape, identifying gaps, and shedding light on implications for patient outcomes. Telehealth stands as a revolutionary force in hypertension management, providing inventive approaches for remote monitoring, promoting medication adherence, and overall enhancing patient well-being. However, challenges like technological barriers, security concerns, and resistance to change need addressing. Issues surrounding device compatibility, accuracy variations, and limitations in substituting certain in-person examinations also require attention. A holistic strategy, encompassing technological progress, education, and policy evolution, is crucial to overcome these challenges and fully realize telehealth's potential in hypertension management, contributing to improved patient outcomes and a reduced global burden of hypertension and chronic diseases.
{"title":"Telehealth in hypertension management: remote monitoring, adherence, and patient outcomes","authors":"M. Y. Abdullah, Khaled Fahad Al Ouqla, Mohammed Saleh Alnakhli, Majed Ali Asiri, Areej Ali Hamdi, Mohammed Abdullah Al Bakrah, Narjes Taysir Alnasiry, Meshari Zainalabidin Alshareef, Hanan H Alahmed, Fatimah Mohammed Aljubran, Afnan Hamdan Alanazi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233861","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, is characterized by consistently elevated blood force against artery walls. Managing hypertension involves lifestyle adjustments and, when necessary, medication. Telehealth is instrumental in transforming hypertension management, utilizing technology to enhance remote monitoring, engage patients, and enhance overall outcomes. This review seeks to amalgamate existing literature and advancements in telehealth applications specific to hypertension, offering a comprehensive understanding of the present knowledge landscape, identifying gaps, and shedding light on implications for patient outcomes. Telehealth stands as a revolutionary force in hypertension management, providing inventive approaches for remote monitoring, promoting medication adherence, and overall enhancing patient well-being. However, challenges like technological barriers, security concerns, and resistance to change need addressing. Issues surrounding device compatibility, accuracy variations, and limitations in substituting certain in-person examinations also require attention. A holistic strategy, encompassing technological progress, education, and policy evolution, is crucial to overcome these challenges and fully realize telehealth's potential in hypertension management, contributing to improved patient outcomes and a reduced global burden of hypertension and chronic diseases. ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233852
A. Aljefri, Latifah Humoud Almutairi, Manar Hassan Alraddadi, Shahad Ali Alahmadi, Ali Qasem Sufyani, Jawad Najeeb Almarzooq, Ahmed Hassan Al Nashri, Fatimah Abdulhameed Al Wosaibi, Norah Ali Boukhamssein, Mustafa Saeed Almahasnah, S. D. Alyami
Sepsis is a condition that occurs when the body's response to infection becomes unbalanced and potentially life-threatening. In this study, there is a focus on understanding and addressing sepsis. This detailed review explores how sepsis is defined in its prevalence in populations and how it is present clinically. The development of sepsis involves a series of events triggered by infections resulting in inflammation and dysfunction in organs. The symptoms of sepsis can range from signs like fever and changes in state to more severe complications such as septic shock. Early recognition of these symptoms using criteria like Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is crucial for intervention, which can greatly impact patient outcomes. Various diagnostic markers, imaging techniques and a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology behind sepsis have contributed to identification and targeted treatment approaches. Managing sepsis involves a combination of therapy, support for blood circulation, respiratory interventions and careful use of agents that modulate the system. It's important to emphasize the efforts among healthcare professionals from disciplines when it comes to managing sepsis effectively. Providing follow up care is essential for survivors as they may experience long term consequences such as sepsis syndrome. Due to its impact on health ongoing research is necessary to explore therapeutic options and refine existing strategies for managing sepsis effectively. The field continues to evolve with advancements, in precision medicine host directed therapies and interdisciplinary collaboration playing roles. This review seeks to grasp the concept of sepsis, providing insights into its various aspects, including the difficulties, in diagnosis and the ever-evolving treatment strategies.
{"title":"Definition, epidemiology and characterization of sepsis","authors":"A. Aljefri, Latifah Humoud Almutairi, Manar Hassan Alraddadi, Shahad Ali Alahmadi, Ali Qasem Sufyani, Jawad Najeeb Almarzooq, Ahmed Hassan Al Nashri, Fatimah Abdulhameed Al Wosaibi, Norah Ali Boukhamssein, Mustafa Saeed Almahasnah, S. D. Alyami","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233852","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis is a condition that occurs when the body's response to infection becomes unbalanced and potentially life-threatening. In this study, there is a focus on understanding and addressing sepsis. This detailed review explores how sepsis is defined in its prevalence in populations and how it is present clinically. The development of sepsis involves a series of events triggered by infections resulting in inflammation and dysfunction in organs. The symptoms of sepsis can range from signs like fever and changes in state to more severe complications such as septic shock. Early recognition of these symptoms using criteria like Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is crucial for intervention, which can greatly impact patient outcomes. Various diagnostic markers, imaging techniques and a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology behind sepsis have contributed to identification and targeted treatment approaches. Managing sepsis involves a combination of therapy, support for blood circulation, respiratory interventions and careful use of agents that modulate the system. It's important to emphasize the efforts among healthcare professionals from disciplines when it comes to managing sepsis effectively. Providing follow up care is essential for survivors as they may experience long term consequences such as sepsis syndrome. Due to its impact on health ongoing research is necessary to explore therapeutic options and refine existing strategies for managing sepsis effectively. The field continues to evolve with advancements, in precision medicine host directed therapies and interdisciplinary collaboration playing roles. This review seeks to grasp the concept of sepsis, providing insights into its various aspects, including the difficulties, in diagnosis and the ever-evolving treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233860
Mohammed Ibrahim Aloqayfi, Yahya Nasser Alayed, Manal Abdullah Alshareef, Amany Sami Alfawzan, Azhar Hussain Asiry, Nourah Nasser Almalik, Afnan Faisal Almalki, Ali Abdullah Alharbi, Bassem Othman Alomari
Periodontal disease (PD), an inflammatory and infectious condition affecting the tissues supporting teeth, is prevalent among pregnant women due to hormonal changes. Studies indicate a link between PD and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm labor and low birthweight newborns, likely due to increased inflammatory mediators. Oral pathogens like Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis have been associated with these complications. The most prevalent oral conditions affecting pregnant women that may influence the course of their pregnancy are periodontitis, gingivitis, and dental caries. From supragingival plaques to subgingival infections and PD, these conditions are linked to one another. Elevated maternal serum antibodies to these pathogens and inflammatory markers correlate with poor pregnancy outcomes. Animal models further support the connection between PD and fetal health issues. While research suggests that periodontal treatment may reduce the risk, the exact mechanisms remain complex and multifactorial. Integrating dental care into prenatal care is vital for prevention and management.
{"title":"An overview of periodontal disease in pregnancy","authors":"Mohammed Ibrahim Aloqayfi, Yahya Nasser Alayed, Manal Abdullah Alshareef, Amany Sami Alfawzan, Azhar Hussain Asiry, Nourah Nasser Almalik, Afnan Faisal Almalki, Ali Abdullah Alharbi, Bassem Othman Alomari","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233860","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontal disease (PD), an inflammatory and infectious condition affecting the tissues supporting teeth, is prevalent among pregnant women due to hormonal changes. Studies indicate a link between PD and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm labor and low birthweight newborns, likely due to increased inflammatory mediators. Oral pathogens like Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis have been associated with these complications. The most prevalent oral conditions affecting pregnant women that may influence the course of their pregnancy are periodontitis, gingivitis, and dental caries. From supragingival plaques to subgingival infections and PD, these conditions are linked to one another. Elevated maternal serum antibodies to these pathogens and inflammatory markers correlate with poor pregnancy outcomes. Animal models further support the connection between PD and fetal health issues. While research suggests that periodontal treatment may reduce the risk, the exact mechanisms remain complex and multifactorial. Integrating dental care into prenatal care is vital for prevention and management.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233845
A. Alzamzami, Seeta S. Alenezi, L. M. Saptan, R. T. Alkaki, Shada M. Albaqami, Rayan A. Karbouji, Weam F. Daba, Raed A. Alahmadi, Ahmad M. Hafez, Hussain A. Asiri, Nawaf H. Alhabshi
Childhood asthma, which is a chronic respiratory condition, presents challenges in terms of its complications, management, and identification of environmental triggers. This review of existing literature explores the complexities surrounding asthma. It delves into complications, strategies for managing the condition, and the crucial role that environmental factors play in worsening it. Uncontrolled asthma in children has far-reaching consequences as it affects lung function, physical activity levels, and overall quality of life. Early recognition and addressing of these complications are essential to minimize long-term effects. The management of childhood asthma has evolved to focus on treatment plans, with corticosteroids being a key component. For cases, advanced therapeutic options like biologics are available. Indoor and outdoor environmental triggers have an impact on asthma exacerbations, making targeted preventive measures necessary. Education plays a role by providing caregivers and children with asthma action plans as well as proper inhaler technique guidance. Regular follow-up visits ensure assessment and adjustment of treatment plans while fostering a relationship between healthcare providers and families. Comprehensive care for childhood asthma involves an approach that includes pediatricians, pulmonologists, allergists, and respiratory therapists. The triad of interventions, environmental modifications, and educational strategies forms an encompassing framework for the management of asthma. This review highlights how crucial it is to tackle childhood asthma issues. By doing so, we can improve outcomes. Promote the overall well-being of children who are affected by this condition.
{"title":"Childhood asthma complications, management, and environmental triggers","authors":"A. Alzamzami, Seeta S. Alenezi, L. M. Saptan, R. T. Alkaki, Shada M. Albaqami, Rayan A. Karbouji, Weam F. Daba, Raed A. Alahmadi, Ahmad M. Hafez, Hussain A. Asiri, Nawaf H. Alhabshi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233845","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood asthma, which is a chronic respiratory condition, presents challenges in terms of its complications, management, and identification of environmental triggers. This review of existing literature explores the complexities surrounding asthma. It delves into complications, strategies for managing the condition, and the crucial role that environmental factors play in worsening it. Uncontrolled asthma in children has far-reaching consequences as it affects lung function, physical activity levels, and overall quality of life. Early recognition and addressing of these complications are essential to minimize long-term effects. The management of childhood asthma has evolved to focus on treatment plans, with corticosteroids being a key component. For cases, advanced therapeutic options like biologics are available. Indoor and outdoor environmental triggers have an impact on asthma exacerbations, making targeted preventive measures necessary. Education plays a role by providing caregivers and children with asthma action plans as well as proper inhaler technique guidance. Regular follow-up visits ensure assessment and adjustment of treatment plans while fostering a relationship between healthcare providers and families. Comprehensive care for childhood asthma involves an approach that includes pediatricians, pulmonologists, allergists, and respiratory therapists. The triad of interventions, environmental modifications, and educational strategies forms an encompassing framework for the management of asthma. This review highlights how crucial it is to tackle childhood asthma issues. By doing so, we can improve outcomes. Promote the overall well-being of children who are affected by this condition.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233847
Meshal S. Alzahrani, Amal H. Albishi, Abeer E. Alfaifi, Ahmed M. Alzahrani, Reem I. Aldoosary, Sajedah Y. Alshabeeb, Ayat A. Alammar, Bandar M. Alalrashidi, Eman M. Zoqeei, Omar A. Kofiyah
Cardiovascular diseases continue to be a contributor to mortality highlighting the significance of intervention. Nurses are often the first healthcare professionals to assess patients and their ability to identify symptoms and deviations in signs is essential for early detection of cardiac distress. Many individuals encounter symptoms such as discomfort in the chest, trouble with breathing, irregularities, heartbeat and increased fatigue. These symptoms can be signs of events. Nurses’ attentiveness in monitoring these symptoms and vital signs enables response and lifesaving interventions. Furthermore, advancements in healthcare technology like automated monitoring systems and telehealth platforms enhance nurse’s ability to detect events by allowing real time data collection and remote monitoring. This review explores the role that nurses play in detecting events early on with a specific focus, on monitoring vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate. The comprehensive management of events encompasses accurate diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, patient education and modification of risk factors. The expertise and constant vigilance of nurses significantly contribute to improving care and enhancing patient outcomes. As healthcare technology continues to advance nurses role in detecting events becomes even more crucial solidifying their indispensable position, in promoting heart health.
{"title":"Vital signs role and significance in detecting early cardiac events","authors":"Meshal S. Alzahrani, Amal H. Albishi, Abeer E. Alfaifi, Ahmed M. Alzahrani, Reem I. Aldoosary, Sajedah Y. Alshabeeb, Ayat A. Alammar, Bandar M. Alalrashidi, Eman M. Zoqeei, Omar A. Kofiyah","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233847","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases continue to be a contributor to mortality highlighting the significance of intervention. Nurses are often the first healthcare professionals to assess patients and their ability to identify symptoms and deviations in signs is essential for early detection of cardiac distress. Many individuals encounter symptoms such as discomfort in the chest, trouble with breathing, irregularities, heartbeat and increased fatigue. These symptoms can be signs of events. Nurses’ attentiveness in monitoring these symptoms and vital signs enables response and lifesaving interventions. Furthermore, advancements in healthcare technology like automated monitoring systems and telehealth platforms enhance nurse’s ability to detect events by allowing real time data collection and remote monitoring. This review explores the role that nurses play in detecting events early on with a specific focus, on monitoring vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate. The comprehensive management of events encompasses accurate diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, patient education and modification of risk factors. The expertise and constant vigilance of nurses significantly contribute to improving care and enhancing patient outcomes. As healthcare technology continues to advance nurses role in detecting events becomes even more crucial solidifying their indispensable position, in promoting heart health.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233848
Heba Mustafa Shaheen, Abdulrahman Jaber Harbi, Abdullah Mohsen Khormi, Reda Salah Abuzaid, Abdullah Muneer Alshahrani, Mansoor Musa Geteni, Nossiba Hussain Arkoubi, Abdulrahman Mohammed Al Suyan, Majidah Bakr Banaemah, Essa Hasan Alqahtani
In years, there have been advancements in laboratory methods for detecting and monitoring cancer at its earliest stages. These breakthroughs have revolutionized the field of cancer care with a focus on treatment strategies. This review explores a range of laboratory-based approaches, including biopsies, advanced imaging technologies like PET, MRI, and CT scans, genomic profiling techniques such as next-generation sequencing novel biomarkers, innovative assay platforms, and the use of artificial intelligence-driven analytics. Liquid biopsies are particularly valuable as they provide real-time insights into tumor dynamics and responses to treatment by analyzing circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA. Advanced imaging modalities offer enhanced sensitivity and resolution for the detection and monitoring of tumors. Genomic profiling techniques help unravel the complexities of tumors to guide therapies. Novel biomarkers show promise in types of cancer by aiding in screening prognosis determination and treatment monitoring. Innovative assay platforms allow for the analysis of biomarkers to improve diagnosis. The integration of intelligence (AI) and machine learning has been instrumental in interpreting clinical and molecular data alongside traditional laboratory techniques. However, despite progress made far challenges related to standardization, cost effectiveness, and ethical considerations persist. It is crucial to integrate these techniques into clinical practice to fully exploit their potential in enhancing cancer care.
{"title":"Advancements in laboratory techniques for early cancer detection and monitoring","authors":"Heba Mustafa Shaheen, Abdulrahman Jaber Harbi, Abdullah Mohsen Khormi, Reda Salah Abuzaid, Abdullah Muneer Alshahrani, Mansoor Musa Geteni, Nossiba Hussain Arkoubi, Abdulrahman Mohammed Al Suyan, Majidah Bakr Banaemah, Essa Hasan Alqahtani","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233848","url":null,"abstract":"In years, there have been advancements in laboratory methods for detecting and monitoring cancer at its earliest stages. These breakthroughs have revolutionized the field of cancer care with a focus on treatment strategies. This review explores a range of laboratory-based approaches, including biopsies, advanced imaging technologies like PET, MRI, and CT scans, genomic profiling techniques such as next-generation sequencing novel biomarkers, innovative assay platforms, and the use of artificial intelligence-driven analytics. Liquid biopsies are particularly valuable as they provide real-time insights into tumor dynamics and responses to treatment by analyzing circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA. Advanced imaging modalities offer enhanced sensitivity and resolution for the detection and monitoring of tumors. Genomic profiling techniques help unravel the complexities of tumors to guide therapies. Novel biomarkers show promise in types of cancer by aiding in screening prognosis determination and treatment monitoring. Innovative assay platforms allow for the analysis of biomarkers to improve diagnosis. The integration of intelligence (AI) and machine learning has been instrumental in interpreting clinical and molecular data alongside traditional laboratory techniques. However, despite progress made far challenges related to standardization, cost effectiveness, and ethical considerations persist. It is crucial to integrate these techniques into clinical practice to fully exploit their potential in enhancing cancer care.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233839
Badriah Y. Qawfashi, Layla S. Darraj, Abeer M. Haltani, Somaiah Y. Moaafa, Khaled A. Alshahrani, Aeshah B. Masmali, Samira S. Aljohani, Naif A. Alhujili, Bandar S. Alzahrani, Refah F. Aloslub
Efficient assessment methods and early warning systems are crucial to prevent events like arrest, unexpected transfers to the intensive care unit (ICU) or even death. This in-depth review delves into the aspects of evaluating and handling early warning indicators of deterioration among patients admitted to hospitals. The primary emphasis lies in identifying any signs of decline by observing and tracking indicators, like heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature and oxygen saturation. Standardized assessments like the modified early warning score (MEWS) play a role in assessing the seriousness of a patient’s condition while rapid response teams (RRTs) provide interdisciplinary interventions. Personalized care plans, customized medication management and the inclusion of support highlight an approach. Continuously reevaluating patients and providing education for healthcare professionals underscores the nature of patient care. Despite advancements in technology that enable real time monitoring challenges such as alarm fatigue and the need for consistent staff training persist. This review concludes that a comprehensive strategy combining expertise standardized assessments and technological support is vital for managing early warning signs of deterioration to ultimately enhance patient outcomes in hospital environments.
{"title":"Assessment and early warning signs of deterioration in hospitalized patients","authors":"Badriah Y. Qawfashi, Layla S. Darraj, Abeer M. Haltani, Somaiah Y. Moaafa, Khaled A. Alshahrani, Aeshah B. Masmali, Samira S. Aljohani, Naif A. Alhujili, Bandar S. Alzahrani, Refah F. Aloslub","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233839","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient assessment methods and early warning systems are crucial to prevent events like arrest, unexpected transfers to the intensive care unit (ICU) or even death. This in-depth review delves into the aspects of evaluating and handling early warning indicators of deterioration among patients admitted to hospitals. The primary emphasis lies in identifying any signs of decline by observing and tracking indicators, like heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature and oxygen saturation. Standardized assessments like the modified early warning score (MEWS) play a role in assessing the seriousness of a patient’s condition while rapid response teams (RRTs) provide interdisciplinary interventions. Personalized care plans, customized medication management and the inclusion of support highlight an approach. Continuously reevaluating patients and providing education for healthcare professionals underscores the nature of patient care. Despite advancements in technology that enable real time monitoring challenges such as alarm fatigue and the need for consistent staff training persist. This review concludes that a comprehensive strategy combining expertise standardized assessments and technological support is vital for managing early warning signs of deterioration to ultimately enhance patient outcomes in hospital environments.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233838
Sanjeet Kumar Pandit, Aditya Vohra, Ashim Kumar Mahali, K. Rajendran
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem worldwide. As kidney function declines, it leads to several metabolic abnormalities including dysregulation of mineral metabolism. It is also reported that hyperphosphatemia in patients with advanced kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events, and is higher in dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients compared to non-dialysis CKD. However, data in the Indian context is limited. Objectives were to evaluate and compare serum phosphorus levels and associated factors in non-dialysis and dialysis CKD patients. Also, the impact of dietary phosphate restriction and the use of phosphate binders on serum phosphorus is analysed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India, with 100 CKD patients: 50 non-dialysis CKD patients and 50 dialysis-dependent CKD patients. Relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters including serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were collected. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Mean serum phosphorus was significantly higher in the dialysis CKD group (6.12±0.34 mg/dl) compared to the non-dialysis CKD group (4.56±0.80 mg/dl). Serum calcium and PTH were also higher while eGFR and albumin were lower in the dialysis CKD group. Serum phosphorus levels increased with advancing CKD stages in the non-dialysis group. Phosphate binder helped phosphorus control in dialysis CKD patients. Conclusions: Our study is in confluence with other reports and dietary phosphate restriction and the use of phosphate binders help optimize phosphorus levels in CKD patients.
{"title":"A comparative analysis of serum phosphorus levels and mineral metabolic markers in non-dialysis and dialysis chronic kidney disease patient: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Sanjeet Kumar Pandit, Aditya Vohra, Ashim Kumar Mahali, K. Rajendran","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233838","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem worldwide. As kidney function declines, it leads to several metabolic abnormalities including dysregulation of mineral metabolism. It is also reported that hyperphosphatemia in patients with advanced kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events, and is higher in dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients compared to non-dialysis CKD. However, data in the Indian context is limited. Objectives were to evaluate and compare serum phosphorus levels and associated factors in non-dialysis and dialysis CKD patients. Also, the impact of dietary phosphate restriction and the use of phosphate binders on serum phosphorus is analysed.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India, with 100 CKD patients: 50 non-dialysis CKD patients and 50 dialysis-dependent CKD patients. Relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters including serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were collected. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.\u0000Results: Mean serum phosphorus was significantly higher in the dialysis CKD group (6.12±0.34 mg/dl) compared to the non-dialysis CKD group (4.56±0.80 mg/dl). Serum calcium and PTH were also higher while eGFR and albumin were lower in the dialysis CKD group. Serum phosphorus levels increased with advancing CKD stages in the non-dialysis group. Phosphate binder helped phosphorus control in dialysis CKD patients.\u0000Conclusions: Our study is in confluence with other reports and dietary phosphate restriction and the use of phosphate binders help optimize phosphorus levels in CKD patients.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233833
Samar A. Alharbi, Amjad Mohammed Meshari, Zainab Abdulaziz Henawi, R. M. Alsaadi, Shaher Saad Alqarni, Ali Fuad Al Hani, Ola Hussain Alhamrani, L. M. Saptan, Zainab Abduljabbar Al Hamoud, Nawaf Khalid Alshanbri, Zainab Abdulmonem Jafar, Abdelrahman Farag
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by hyper-glycemia, acidosis, and ketosis. It poses a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in type 1 DM patients. DKA can be triggered by various factors, including insulin deficiency, infections, alcohol abuse, and other medical conditions. Hospital admissions for DKA are increasing, with mortality rates of up to 5-9%, often linked to severe underlying illnesses and complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Effective DKA management involves rehydration, correction of electrolyte imbalances, insulin administration, and addressing precipitating factors. Fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline is vital to restore hydration, and continuous intravenous insulin infusion is the preferred method to control blood glucose and suppress ketone production. Electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium, sodium, phosphate, and magnesium, require careful monitoring and correction. Clinical outcomes in DKA management include resolving acidosis, normalizing blood glucose, and restoring electrolyte balance, all while achieving and maintaining clinical stability. Complications like cerebral edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome can significantly impact the prognosis. Long-term considerations encompass diabetes management, patient education, and follow-up care.
{"title":"Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in internal medicine: insulin protocols, electrolyte balance, and clinical outcomes","authors":"Samar A. Alharbi, Amjad Mohammed Meshari, Zainab Abdulaziz Henawi, R. M. Alsaadi, Shaher Saad Alqarni, Ali Fuad Al Hani, Ola Hussain Alhamrani, L. M. Saptan, Zainab Abduljabbar Al Hamoud, Nawaf Khalid Alshanbri, Zainab Abdulmonem Jafar, Abdelrahman Farag","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233833","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by hyper-glycemia, acidosis, and ketosis. It poses a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in type 1 DM patients. DKA can be triggered by various factors, including insulin deficiency, infections, alcohol abuse, and other medical conditions. Hospital admissions for DKA are increasing, with mortality rates of up to 5-9%, often linked to severe underlying illnesses and complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Effective DKA management involves rehydration, correction of electrolyte imbalances, insulin administration, and addressing precipitating factors. Fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline is vital to restore hydration, and continuous intravenous insulin infusion is the preferred method to control blood glucose and suppress ketone production. Electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium, sodium, phosphate, and magnesium, require careful monitoring and correction. Clinical outcomes in DKA management include resolving acidosis, normalizing blood glucose, and restoring electrolyte balance, all while achieving and maintaining clinical stability. Complications like cerebral edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome can significantly impact the prognosis. Long-term considerations encompass diabetes management, patient education, and follow-up care.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：