Background: Psychoactive drug is an emerging global problem. This is a disturbing matter, especially in the case of medical students, affecting their health and academic performance, which in turn affects the health outcomes of patients. The objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence and impact of substance abuse among medical students. Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary care center. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Medical students who were available during the study period and who were willing to participate were included in the study. A total of 301 students were interviewed. Data was entered and analysed in SPPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the statistical analysis. Results: We had a total of 301 responders. Among them, only 70(23.3%) have been a subject to substance abuse. Alcohol was the most abused substance (19.3%). The most common reason for starting these substances was out of curiosity (15.6%). 24.6% of the students have either thought of or tried stopping, however majority of them have not. Out of these students, 10 (3.3%) have experienced withdrawal symptoms. Conclusions: The substance abuse among youngsters in medical colleges is a highly alarming situation. Proper counselling with planned policies should be implemented to root out this evil among the future doctors which will help in providing better health care services to the people.
{"title":"A study to assess the prevalence of substance abuse and its impact among medical students in a medical college","authors":"Aishwarya Sharma, Manali Shashidhar, Varshini Lakshmi Tripura Maddali, Srinivas Rajiv, Mahima Shivanna, Harshith Ramesh","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233482","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychoactive drug is an emerging global problem. This is a disturbing matter, especially in the case of medical students, affecting their health and academic performance, which in turn affects the health outcomes of patients. The objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence and impact of substance abuse among medical students. Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary care center. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Medical students who were available during the study period and who were willing to participate were included in the study. A total of 301 students were interviewed. Data was entered and analysed in SPPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the statistical analysis. Results: We had a total of 301 responders. Among them, only 70(23.3%) have been a subject to substance abuse. Alcohol was the most abused substance (19.3%). The most common reason for starting these substances was out of curiosity (15.6%). 24.6% of the students have either thought of or tried stopping, however majority of them have not. Out of these students, 10 (3.3%) have experienced withdrawal symptoms. Conclusions: The substance abuse among youngsters in medical colleges is a highly alarming situation. Proper counselling with planned policies should be implemented to root out this evil among the future doctors which will help in providing better health care services to the people.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"1032 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233457
Devinder Kumar Vohra, Sanjev Dave, Shalini Sharma, Santosh Mittal, Arvind Trivedi, J. K. Manchanda, Nawab Singh
Background: COVID-19 3rd wave has shown not only less deaths but also limited symptomatic patients in India with few numbers of casualties as compared to first and second wave. The exact scientific reason behind this needs detailed study. There is an urgent need for a study aimed towards detection of low mortality and morbidity in 3rd wave of COVID-19 patients from a level 3 medical college hospital in western Uttar Pradesh district in India so as to find and develop new management strategies for COVID-19 patients in future next COVID-19 waves. Methods: This study was aimed to find morbidity and mortality factors of COVID-19 3rd wave among COVID-19 patients in a level 3 medical college hospital in western UP district Saharanpur in India from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Results: The demographic profile of patients admitted in our level 3 medical college hospital in western UP district in India; had no significant (p>0.05) association with morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 3rd wave, but vaccination doses as it increased from 1st to 2nd had significant association (p=0.05) with less mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 3rd wave those who received the vaccines. Conclusions: Possibly COVID vaccination doses had a positive boosting effect on immune system of COVID-19 patients, which may have caused Virus to be less damaging to Immune system leading to decreased morbidity and mortality and in COVID-19 patients in wave 3.
{"title":"An exploratory study of 3rd wave features of COVID-19 patients admitted in a level 3 medical institution of Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Devinder Kumar Vohra, Sanjev Dave, Shalini Sharma, Santosh Mittal, Arvind Trivedi, J. K. Manchanda, Nawab Singh","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233457","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 3rd wave has shown not only less deaths but also limited symptomatic patients in India with few numbers of casualties as compared to first and second wave. The exact scientific reason behind this needs detailed study. There is an urgent need for a study aimed towards detection of low mortality and morbidity in 3rd wave of COVID-19 patients from a level 3 medical college hospital in western Uttar Pradesh district in India so as to find and develop new management strategies for COVID-19 patients in future next COVID-19 waves. Methods: This study was aimed to find morbidity and mortality factors of COVID-19 3rd wave among COVID-19 patients in a level 3 medical college hospital in western UP district Saharanpur in India from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Results: The demographic profile of patients admitted in our level 3 medical college hospital in western UP district in India; had no significant (p>0.05) association with morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 3rd wave, but vaccination doses as it increased from 1st to 2nd had significant association (p=0.05) with less mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 3rd wave those who received the vaccines. Conclusions: Possibly COVID vaccination doses had a positive boosting effect on immune system of COVID-19 patients, which may have caused Virus to be less damaging to Immune system leading to decreased morbidity and mortality and in COVID-19 patients in wave 3.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"43 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although a physiological phenomenon, ageing has enormous bearing on all the dimensions of health. Against age-old tradition, India is also witnessing a rapid increase in nuclearization of families. Increase in old age homes (OAHs) has been proportional to rising number of admissions in such institutions. In order to understand the phenomenon in a holistic way, the present study evaluated the quality of life of occupants such facilities in state of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to capture quality of life among the occupants of all seven OAHs of the State. Data was collected using World Health Organisation quality of life-Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) instrument consisting of four domains, individual domain and overall scores were compiled; and analysed using appropriate statistical techniques. Results: The mean WHOQOL-BREF score for a total of 145 study participants was 46.6±3 with highest score for environmental domain (49.1±4.7) and least for physical domain (44.0±5.2). Significant higher overall quality of life score was observed for comparatively younger participants, males, more educated individuals, those having a companion prior to the settlement, those having more satisfaction with facilities and lesser morbidities. Conclusions: Considering increasing elderly population proportion, there is a need for increase in number of facilities with standardized infrastructure, staff and facilities; so that quality of life can be maintained and sustained. Being a vulnerable and deprived section of the society, it is imperative that such individuals live out the final stage of their life with quality, dignity and much neglected self-respect.
{"title":"Quality of life of occupants of old age homes of a northern Indian province","authors":"Sanjay Kumar, Anmol Gupta, Salig Ram Mazta, Deepak Sharma, Shaina Chamotra, Ankit Chaudhary","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233472","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although a physiological phenomenon, ageing has enormous bearing on all the dimensions of health. Against age-old tradition, India is also witnessing a rapid increase in nuclearization of families. Increase in old age homes (OAHs) has been proportional to rising number of admissions in such institutions. In order to understand the phenomenon in a holistic way, the present study evaluated the quality of life of occupants such facilities in state of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to capture quality of life among the occupants of all seven OAHs of the State. Data was collected using World Health Organisation quality of life-Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) instrument consisting of four domains, individual domain and overall scores were compiled; and analysed using appropriate statistical techniques. Results: The mean WHOQOL-BREF score for a total of 145 study participants was 46.6±3 with highest score for environmental domain (49.1±4.7) and least for physical domain (44.0±5.2). Significant higher overall quality of life score was observed for comparatively younger participants, males, more educated individuals, those having a companion prior to the settlement, those having more satisfaction with facilities and lesser morbidities. Conclusions: Considering increasing elderly population proportion, there is a need for increase in number of facilities with standardized infrastructure, staff and facilities; so that quality of life can be maintained and sustained. Being a vulnerable and deprived section of the society, it is imperative that such individuals live out the final stage of their life with quality, dignity and much neglected self-respect.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"36 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Periodontal diseases are a group of lesions affecting tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Periodontal diseases are considered as a group of highly prevalent infectious, inflammatory conditions of the supporting structures of the teeth which affects more than 50% of the world’s adult population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the extent of agreement between clinical and self-assessed periodontal health status among patients visiting the outpatient department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 250 patients who attended the outpatient department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore. The study population was subjected to a self-administered questionnaire which was followed by periodontal examination. The clinical examination included an assessment of the periodontal condition using CPI and mobility. Results: There was a marked discrepancy between the two values of self-assessed and clinically diagnosed periodontal health status which shows that the self-assessed periodontal tool was a poor indicator of the periodontal health status. Conclusions: The present study showed that there is a discrepancy between the subjectively and objectively assessed periodontal health status. Increasing people’s awareness and knowledge of their own dental disorders and changing their attitudes and behavior towards oral health care will help in improving oral as well as general health.
{"title":"Self-assessment and clinical diagnosis of periodontal status among patients visiting dental institution in Bangalore city: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Rajkumari Surbala Devi, Manish Kumar, Rejita Nongmeikapam, Rahul B., Sushma S. G., Priya Devi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233448","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal diseases are a group of lesions affecting tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Periodontal diseases are considered as a group of highly prevalent infectious, inflammatory conditions of the supporting structures of the teeth which affects more than 50% of the world’s adult population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the extent of agreement between clinical and self-assessed periodontal health status among patients visiting the outpatient department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 250 patients who attended the outpatient department of Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore. The study population was subjected to a self-administered questionnaire which was followed by periodontal examination. The clinical examination included an assessment of the periodontal condition using CPI and mobility. Results: There was a marked discrepancy between the two values of self-assessed and clinically diagnosed periodontal health status which shows that the self-assessed periodontal tool was a poor indicator of the periodontal health status. Conclusions: The present study showed that there is a discrepancy between the subjectively and objectively assessed periodontal health status. Increasing people’s awareness and knowledge of their own dental disorders and changing their attitudes and behavior towards oral health care will help in improving oral as well as general health.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"381 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among different species of microbes, or infectious agents, has become a major public health concern worldwide. This alarming trend is due to the rapid development of new resistance mechanisms and the decreasing effectiveness of treating common infectious diseases. As a result, standard treatments often fail to elicit a proper microbial response, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and a higher risk of mortality. Many infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, have developed high levels of multidrug resistance, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates, and being called as "superbugs." While the development of MDR is a natural process, it is exacerbated by the inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, inadequate sanitary conditions, improper food handling, and subpar infection prevention and control practices. Given the importance of AMR, this paper enlists the AMR issue along with its significance, mechanism and its possible impact in the future. The creation of innovative treatments to fight these persistent infections should be made easier by a better strategy of educating the population about the drivers of AMR.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and its possible implications in the future: a mini review","authors":"Matrujyoti Pattnaik, Swati Pattnaik, Jyotirmayee Pradhan, Debdutta Bhattacharya","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233499","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among different species of microbes, or infectious agents, has become a major public health concern worldwide. This alarming trend is due to the rapid development of new resistance mechanisms and the decreasing effectiveness of treating common infectious diseases. As a result, standard treatments often fail to elicit a proper microbial response, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and a higher risk of mortality. Many infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, have developed high levels of multidrug resistance, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates, and being called as \"superbugs.\" While the development of MDR is a natural process, it is exacerbated by the inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, inadequate sanitary conditions, improper food handling, and subpar infection prevention and control practices. Given the importance of AMR, this paper enlists the AMR issue along with its significance, mechanism and its possible impact in the future. The creation of innovative treatments to fight these persistent infections should be made easier by a better strategy of educating the population about the drivers of AMR.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"50 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233479
M. A. Fahim, Din Prakash Ranjan, Rahul C. Kirte
Background: Overweight/obesity among children is an emerging public health problem in our country. Overweight/obesity is a form of development-driven malnutrition that is emerging among all ages and socio-economic groups. Childhood overweight/obesity is a risk factor for later adult diseases and is associated with impaired health during childhood itself which may continue untreated for many years. The belief that overweight/obesity was the problem of developed countries alone is no longer true. India is one of the developing countries showing emerging and rising trends of overweight/obesity. Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in high schools of Raichur city. Data was collected by interviewing 1900 study subjects using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and by physical examination. The data was analyzed using percentages, proportions, odds ratio and Chi-square test with the help of Epi Info 7 software. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school children of Raichur city was found to be 4.57% and 5.11% respectively. Significant association of overweight/obesity was found with gender, age, religion, socio-economic status, parent’s education, type of diet and physical exercise. Conclusions: Considering association of overweight/obesity with various risk factors, preventive measures like lifestyle modifications, changes in dietary pattern and regular exercise should be promoted in these age group children.
背景:儿童超重/肥胖是我国一个新出现的公共卫生问题。超重/肥胖是发展驱动型营养不良的一种形式，正在所有年龄段和社会经济群体中出现。儿童期超重/肥胖是成年后疾病的一个危险因素，并与儿童期本身的健康受损有关，这种健康受损可能持续多年得不到治疗。认为超重/肥胖是发达国家独有的问题的观点不再正确。印度是超重/肥胖呈上升趋势的发展中国家之一。方法:采用横断面调查方法对雷楚尔市高中进行调查。采用预试半结构化问卷对1900名研究对象进行访谈，并进行体格检查。采用Epi Info 7软件，采用百分率、比例、比值比、卡方检验等方法对数据进行分析。结果:瑞楚尔市高中儿童超重和肥胖患病率分别为4.57%和5.11%。超重/肥胖与性别、年龄、宗教、社会经济地位、父母的教育程度、饮食类型和体育锻炼有显著关联。结论:考虑到超重/肥胖与各种危险因素的关联，应在这些年龄组儿童中提倡改变生活方式、改变饮食模式和定期运动等预防措施。
{"title":"A study on prevalence and socio demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity among high school children of Raichur city","authors":"M. A. Fahim, Din Prakash Ranjan, Rahul C. Kirte","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233479","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overweight/obesity among children is an emerging public health problem in our country. Overweight/obesity is a form of development-driven malnutrition that is emerging among all ages and socio-economic groups. Childhood overweight/obesity is a risk factor for later adult diseases and is associated with impaired health during childhood itself which may continue untreated for many years. The belief that overweight/obesity was the problem of developed countries alone is no longer true. India is one of the developing countries showing emerging and rising trends of overweight/obesity. Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in high schools of Raichur city. Data was collected by interviewing 1900 study subjects using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and by physical examination. The data was analyzed using percentages, proportions, odds ratio and Chi-square test with the help of Epi Info 7 software. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school children of Raichur city was found to be 4.57% and 5.11% respectively. Significant association of overweight/obesity was found with gender, age, religion, socio-economic status, parent’s education, type of diet and physical exercise. Conclusions: Considering association of overweight/obesity with various risk factors, preventive measures like lifestyle modifications, changes in dietary pattern and regular exercise should be promoted in these age group children.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"74 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233449
Ami Makwana, Neeti Mishra
Background: Adhesive capsulitis has been reported to affect 2-5% of the general population and up to 11-30% of subjects with diabetes and thyroid disease. Both myofascial release technique and cyriax soft tissue release technique are effective in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Aims and objective were to assess the effect of cyriax soft tissue release and myofascial release on pain pressure threshold, flexibility and muscle length in idiopathic adhesive capsulitis - a comparative study. Methods: In the present comparative study, total forty-eight (48) patients with Adhesive capsulitis with age between 40-60 years were included. They were randomly divided into two groups: group-A (n=24) and group-B (n=24). Both group received conventional treatment, in addition group-A received myofascial release technique and group-B received cyriax soft tissue release technique. Patients were evaluated pre-intervention (0 week) and post-intervention (4 week) for pressure pain threshold (by means of algometer), for muscle length (by means of measure tape) and for shoulder flexibility (by means of measure tape). Results: Result showed that there was statistically significant difference between MFR group and cyriax group in mean difference of PPT, muscle length and Apley’s test during 4-week intervention period (p<0.05). Conclusions: Cyriax along with conventional treatment is more effective for improving pressure pain threshold, improving muscle length and improving the flexibility of shoulder than myofascial release technique along with conventional treatment in patients with adhesive capsulitis.
{"title":"The effect of cyriax soft tissue release and myofascial release on pain pressure threshold, flexibility and muscle length in idiopathic adhesive capsulitis- a comparative study","authors":"Ami Makwana, Neeti Mishra","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233449","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adhesive capsulitis has been reported to affect 2-5% of the general population and up to 11-30% of subjects with diabetes and thyroid disease. Both myofascial release technique and cyriax soft tissue release technique are effective in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Aims and objective were to assess the effect of cyriax soft tissue release and myofascial release on pain pressure threshold, flexibility and muscle length in idiopathic adhesive capsulitis - a comparative study. Methods: In the present comparative study, total forty-eight (48) patients with Adhesive capsulitis with age between 40-60 years were included. They were randomly divided into two groups: group-A (n=24) and group-B (n=24). Both group received conventional treatment, in addition group-A received myofascial release technique and group-B received cyriax soft tissue release technique. Patients were evaluated pre-intervention (0 week) and post-intervention (4 week) for pressure pain threshold (by means of algometer), for muscle length (by means of measure tape) and for shoulder flexibility (by means of measure tape). Results: Result showed that there was statistically significant difference between MFR group and cyriax group in mean difference of PPT, muscle length and Apley’s test during 4-week intervention period (p<0.05). Conclusions: Cyriax along with conventional treatment is more effective for improving pressure pain threshold, improving muscle length and improving the flexibility of shoulder than myofascial release technique along with conventional treatment in patients with adhesive capsulitis.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"3 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The southern province of Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat, has the greatest amount of schools. The COVID-19 outbreak has had a major impact, notably on students who have missed out on their education as a result of the prolonged closure of the schools to stop the spread. It is very important to investigate the effect of socio-demographic factors on the loss learning recovery of student in primary schools. This study aimed to explore the influencing factors of student in primary schools based on their socio-demographic status. Methods: A cross-sectional research approach and random stratified sampling method were used. 399 students in primary school in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand were participated between May 2022 and April 2023. Chi-square test, ANOVA test, and multiple-linear regression were used to examine the factors. Results: The results showed that the loss learning recovery significant difference with marital status of parents and family income. The group of parents who had marital status of married had the higher loss learning recovery than divorced as well as the group of low income family had the lowest loss learning recovery. Conclusions: It is necessary to understand the characteristics of the student in primary school. Especially factors that affect the loss learning recovery for build education systems back better and found to support them in every manner so that their learning can resume normally and advance past what was lost.
{"title":"Factors associated with loss learning recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic of students in primary schools, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand","authors":"Yodfah Ratmanee, Manorot Borirakarawin, Manit Pollar, Kanitta Keeratipattarakarn, Ampa Kiatikongkiri","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233421","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The southern province of Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat, has the greatest amount of schools. The COVID-19 outbreak has had a major impact, notably on students who have missed out on their education as a result of the prolonged closure of the schools to stop the spread. It is very important to investigate the effect of socio-demographic factors on the loss learning recovery of student in primary schools. This study aimed to explore the influencing factors of student in primary schools based on their socio-demographic status. Methods: A cross-sectional research approach and random stratified sampling method were used. 399 students in primary school in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand were participated between May 2022 and April 2023. Chi-square test, ANOVA test, and multiple-linear regression were used to examine the factors. Results: The results showed that the loss learning recovery significant difference with marital status of parents and family income. The group of parents who had marital status of married had the higher loss learning recovery than divorced as well as the group of low income family had the lowest loss learning recovery. Conclusions: It is necessary to understand the characteristics of the student in primary school. Especially factors that affect the loss learning recovery for build education systems back better and found to support them in every manner so that their learning can resume normally and advance past what was lost.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single stranded RNA beta corona virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae. The S and N proteins are the principal immunogens used for the detection of anti – SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies.2 The first subunit (S1) mediates the attachment of the virus to human cells via its receptor - binding domain (RBD), and the second one (S2) mediates membrane fusion for viral entry. Antibodies that bind to the S protein can neutralize corona viruses. Methods: It was a community based analytical cross-sectional study done in rural areas of Eluru district, A.P. State. From each village 30 members were selected by using systematic random sampling. A sample of 120 was included. Blood samples from the selected individuals were taken Humoral responses (Ig G) were assessed using an ICMR approved Micro well ELISA test for the semi-quantitative detection of COVID 19 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies in Human serum samples. Results: In the present study 46 (28.3%) had higher education, 15 (12.5 %) belong to farmers, 84 (70%) of them belong to Hindus, 94 (78.3%) of them belong to nuclear family. History of COVID 19 (p=0.02), period from recent dose of covid vaccination (p=0.04) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: High seroprevalence in this study suggests that COVID-19 vaccination remains the best method to control the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to encourage the public to take vaccination.
背景:SARS-CoV-2是一种包膜单链RNA β冠状病毒，属于冠状病毒科。S和N蛋白是用于检测抗SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体的主要免疫原第一个亚基(S1)通过受体结合域(RBD)介导病毒与人细胞的附着，第二个亚基(S2)介导病毒进入的膜融合。与S蛋白结合的抗体可以中和冠状病毒。方法:采用基于社区的横断面分析研究方法，在ap州Eluru地区的农村地区进行。采用系统随机抽样的方法，从每个村抽取30名成员。纳入120例样本。采用ICMR批准的微孔酶联免疫吸附试验(Micro well ELISA)半定量检测人血清样品中COVID - 19 (SARS-CoV-2)中和抗体，评估体液反应(Ig G)。结果:高学历46人(28.3%)，农民15人(12.5%)，印度教徒84人(70%)，核心家庭94人(78.3%)。新冠肺炎史(p=0.02)和最近一次接种新冠疫苗的时间(p=0.04)具有统计学意义。结论:本研究的高血清阳性率表明COVID-19疫苗接种仍然是控制COVID-19大流行的最佳方法。有必要鼓励公众接种疫苗。
{"title":"A socio-demographic study on seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in a rural population in Andhra Pradesh","authors":"Jaya Sandhya Chirathapudi, Amulya Sanghamithra Karampudi, Ayesha Aijaz, Partha Sarathy Naidana","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233467","url":null,"abstract":"Background: SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single stranded RNA beta corona virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae. The S and N proteins are the principal immunogens used for the detection of anti – SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies.2 The first subunit (S1) mediates the attachment of the virus to human cells via its receptor - binding domain (RBD), and the second one (S2) mediates membrane fusion for viral entry. Antibodies that bind to the S protein can neutralize corona viruses. Methods: It was a community based analytical cross-sectional study done in rural areas of Eluru district, A.P. State. From each village 30 members were selected by using systematic random sampling. A sample of 120 was included. Blood samples from the selected individuals were taken Humoral responses (Ig G) were assessed using an ICMR approved Micro well ELISA test for the semi-quantitative detection of COVID 19 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies in Human serum samples. Results: In the present study 46 (28.3%) had higher education, 15 (12.5 %) belong to farmers, 84 (70%) of them belong to Hindus, 94 (78.3%) of them belong to nuclear family. History of COVID 19 (p=0.02), period from recent dose of covid vaccination (p=0.04) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: High seroprevalence in this study suggests that COVID-19 vaccination remains the best method to control the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to encourage the public to take vaccination.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"3 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233440
Henry Kilonzo, Gilbert Ebole, John P. Oyore, Millicent Olulo, Victor Tole, Peris Mwangi
Background: Community health workers (CHWs) are known as the ‘gate keepers’ of good health in the community. Being the first contact with the patients at the community level, they can help improve the maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) indicators if they are well motivated to conduct their day-to-day work. At the same time, MNCH indicators are negatively affected by hard-to-reach health facilities and cultural factors thus the CHWs can help improve the health status in this category. Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental study design with an intervention and a control site in both Lamu West and Lamu East Sub Counties. Purposive sampling used to select study population and study site. Study period was (August 2018-March 2022). Mixed methods approach was used with both quantitative and qualitative methodologies of data collection to enable data triangulation. Questionnaires were used to collect data from CHWs, focused group discussions with caregivers and In-depth Interviews conducted with key informants from the Ministry of Health- Lamu County and the implementing partner-PharmAccess. Results: The study established that 78% of the CHWs were selected by the community members. Most of the CHWs in the intervention site had attended other trainings after the initial capacity development program, had at least one supervision in the last month preceding evaluation, were satisfied with the community and county appreciation. The difference between control and intervention site had a statistical significance (p<0.05) for report writing during home visits, cross-referencing of reports before submission, attendance of refresher courses, loss of interest to work as a CHW and referral of patients to link facilities. Conclusions: CHWs need motivation in delivering their services. This can be done in form of incentives (both monitory and non-monitory), refresher trainings and supportive supervision.
{"title":"A quasi-experimental study of effects of community health workers’ incentivisation on uptake of maternal, newborn and child health services in Lamu County, Kenya","authors":"Henry Kilonzo, Gilbert Ebole, John P. Oyore, Millicent Olulo, Victor Tole, Peris Mwangi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233440","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community health workers (CHWs) are known as the ‘gate keepers’ of good health in the community. Being the first contact with the patients at the community level, they can help improve the maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) indicators if they are well motivated to conduct their day-to-day work. At the same time, MNCH indicators are negatively affected by hard-to-reach health facilities and cultural factors thus the CHWs can help improve the health status in this category. Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental study design with an intervention and a control site in both Lamu West and Lamu East Sub Counties. Purposive sampling used to select study population and study site. Study period was (August 2018-March 2022). Mixed methods approach was used with both quantitative and qualitative methodologies of data collection to enable data triangulation. Questionnaires were used to collect data from CHWs, focused group discussions with caregivers and In-depth Interviews conducted with key informants from the Ministry of Health- Lamu County and the implementing partner-PharmAccess. Results: The study established that 78% of the CHWs were selected by the community members. Most of the CHWs in the intervention site had attended other trainings after the initial capacity development program, had at least one supervision in the last month preceding evaluation, were satisfied with the community and county appreciation. The difference between control and intervention site had a statistical significance (p<0.05) for report writing during home visits, cross-referencing of reports before submission, attendance of refresher courses, loss of interest to work as a CHW and referral of patients to link facilities. Conclusions: CHWs need motivation in delivering their services. This can be done in form of incentives (both monitory and non-monitory), refresher trainings and supportive supervision.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"74 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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