Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240310
Tharani Ravi, Yajaira Johnson-Esparza, Jessica Hernandez, Nehman Andry, Fozia Ali, Maria Del Pilar Montanez Villacampa, Rudolfo Rincon, Roger B. Perales, Raymond F. Palmer
Chemical intolerance (CI) is characterized by multi-system symptoms initiated by a one-time high dose or persistent low-dose exposure to environmental toxicants. Symptoms of this “medically unexplained illness” often include fatigue, headache, weakness, rash, mood changes, musculoskeletal pain, gastrointestinal, difficulties with memory, concentration, and respiratory problems. A general disease mechanism called toxicant-induced loss of tolerance (TILT) explains the initiation, symptoms, and intolerances to chemicals, foods, and medicines reported worldwide by individuals with this condition. TILT is a 2-stage disease process initiated by a major chemical exposure, or a series of low-level exposures, followed by multisystem symptoms and onset of new intolerances. Despite its prevalence of up to 20%, most primary care physicians are not aware of this disease process and thus have been unable to recognize patients with CI. This case series describes three family medicine clinic patients who had multisystem symptoms that were triggered by chemical exposures, saw multiple specialists with no improvement, who were eventually diagnosed with CI and went through a behaviorally based avoidance education program. This report describes the impact of a coordinated educational intervention for patients with CI. We offer several educational tools for health practitioners to discuss with their patients. These patient stories highlight the importance for physicians to be knowledgeable about CI in order to facilitate symptom reduction and improve the quality of life for these patients.
化学不耐受（CI）的特点是一次性高剂量或持续低剂量接触环境毒物后引发多系统症状。这种 "医学上无法解释的疾病 "的症状通常包括疲劳、头痛、虚弱、皮疹、情绪变化、肌肉骨骼疼痛、胃肠道、记忆困难、注意力不集中和呼吸系统问题。一种名为 "毒物诱发的耐受性丧失（TILT）"的一般疾病机制可以解释这种疾病的起因、症状以及世界各地报告的患者对化学品、食物和药物的不耐受性。TILT 是一个分两个阶段的疾病过程，先是接触大量化学物质，或接触一系列低浓度化学物质，然后出现多系统症状和新的不耐受症状。尽管其发病率高达 20%，但大多数初级保健医生并不了解这种疾病过程，因此无法识别 CI 患者。本系列病例描述了三位家庭医学诊所的患者，他们因接触化学物质而引发多系统症状，看了多位专科医生均不见好转，最终被诊断为 CI，并接受了基于行为的回避教育计划。本报告介绍了协调教育干预对 CI 患者的影响。我们提供了几种教育工具，供医疗从业人员与患者讨论。这些患者的故事强调了医生了解 CI 的重要性，以便帮助这些患者减轻症状并提高生活质量。
{"title":"Clinical assessment and patient education of chemical intolerance","authors":"Tharani Ravi, Yajaira Johnson-Esparza, Jessica Hernandez, Nehman Andry, Fozia Ali, Maria Del Pilar Montanez Villacampa, Rudolfo Rincon, Roger B. Perales, Raymond F. Palmer","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240310","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical intolerance (CI) is characterized by multi-system symptoms initiated by a one-time high dose or persistent low-dose exposure to environmental toxicants. Symptoms of this “medically unexplained illness” often include fatigue, headache, weakness, rash, mood changes, musculoskeletal pain, gastrointestinal, difficulties with memory, concentration, and respiratory problems. A general disease mechanism called toxicant-induced loss of tolerance (TILT) explains the initiation, symptoms, and intolerances to chemicals, foods, and medicines reported worldwide by individuals with this condition. TILT is a 2-stage disease process initiated by a major chemical exposure, or a series of low-level exposures, followed by multisystem symptoms and onset of new intolerances. Despite its prevalence of up to 20%, most primary care physicians are not aware of this disease process and thus have been unable to recognize patients with CI. This case series describes three family medicine clinic patients who had multisystem symptoms that were triggered by chemical exposures, saw multiple specialists with no improvement, who were eventually diagnosed with CI and went through a behaviorally based avoidance education program. This report describes the impact of a coordinated educational intervention for patients with CI. We offer several educational tools for health practitioners to discuss with their patients. These patient stories highlight the importance for physicians to be knowledgeable about CI in order to facilitate symptom reduction and improve the quality of life for these patients.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240018
E. H. Almoabady, Reem Mohammed Alkahtani, Noura Fahad Alotaibi, Mona Abdulmohsen Alsuli, Amera Saud Alonazi, Badriah Ayed Alanazi, Sara Ahmed Madani, Sara Abdulaziz Bin Ghadeer, Hawraa Mohammad Alabbad, Lulwa Ali Al Wahbi, Mohammed Abdullah Alqahtani
The introduction of glass ionomer cements in orthodontics aimed to address the drawbacks of the acid-etch technique using composite resins, including demineralization, enamel damage, and potential allergic reactions. These cements release fluoride over time, potentially protecting against demineralization. Glass ionomer cements, despite their benefits in reducing adhesive residue and protecting against demineralization, showed higher bond failure rates compared to composite resins. This is attributed to their sensitivity to application techniques and moisture, along with a delayed setting time. In contrast, light-cured composite resins, preferred over chemically-cured resins in recent years, offer advantages such as ease of use, consistent handling, and controlled setting. However, early trials indicated higher bond failure rates for light-cured resins, a finding not consistently replicated in later studies. While glass ionomer cements offer certain advantages, their higher bond failure rate poses a significant limitation. Light-cured composite resins, with their user-friendly characteristics, have become the preferred choice in orthodontic bonding despite initial concerns about higher bond failure rates.
{"title":"Orthodontic bracket bonding techniques and adhesion failures","authors":"E. H. Almoabady, Reem Mohammed Alkahtani, Noura Fahad Alotaibi, Mona Abdulmohsen Alsuli, Amera Saud Alonazi, Badriah Ayed Alanazi, Sara Ahmed Madani, Sara Abdulaziz Bin Ghadeer, Hawraa Mohammad Alabbad, Lulwa Ali Al Wahbi, Mohammed Abdullah Alqahtani","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240018","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of glass ionomer cements in orthodontics aimed to address the drawbacks of the acid-etch technique using composite resins, including demineralization, enamel damage, and potential allergic reactions. These cements release fluoride over time, potentially protecting against demineralization. Glass ionomer cements, despite their benefits in reducing adhesive residue and protecting against demineralization, showed higher bond failure rates compared to composite resins. This is attributed to their sensitivity to application techniques and moisture, along with a delayed setting time. In contrast, light-cured composite resins, preferred over chemically-cured resins in recent years, offer advantages such as ease of use, consistent handling, and controlled setting. However, early trials indicated higher bond failure rates for light-cured resins, a finding not consistently replicated in later studies. While glass ionomer cements offer certain advantages, their higher bond failure rate poses a significant limitation. Light-cured composite resins, with their user-friendly characteristics, have become the preferred choice in orthodontic bonding despite initial concerns about higher bond failure rates.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240019
H. Binhuraib, Sundus Saad Alqarni, Nagam Mohammed Mohsen, Abeer Ahmad Alharbi, Ahmed Ibrahim Alghamdi, Adeeb Maseer Almotairi, Abdulrahman Hussain Alhussain, R. Felemban, Anwar Salem Alzahrani, Ehdaa Sameer Eyouni, R. Alhajjaji
Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), commonly known as dental bridges, play a pivotal role in restorative dentistry, offering patients a means to regain oral function and aesthetics in cases of tooth loss. These prosthetic devices, anchored to natural teeth or dental implants, bridge the gap created by missing teeth, improving chewing, speech, and smile aesthetics. However, the successful deployment of FDPs requires not only their initial placement but also long-term maintenance and an understanding of potential complications. Effective oral hygiene, regular dental surveillance, and professional dental cleanings are essential for preserving FDP longevity. Vigilance is crucial as FDPs, while resistant to cavities themselves, can pose challenges in cleaning around abutment teeth. Complications, including dental caries, periodontal issues, crown or bridge fractures, abutment tooth deterioration, aesthetic alterations, sensory sensitivity, and even prosthetic failure, are potential concerns. Timely intervention and preventive measures are key to addressing these issues. When complications arise, dental practitioners can often repair superficial problems like crown fractures. Profound or recurrent complications may require more extensive interventions, such as fabricating a new bridge or considering alternative restorative options like dental implants or removable partial dentures. By embracing these principles of maintenance and management, patients can optimize the durability and functionality of their FDPs while minimizing associated risks, ensuring a healthy and confident smile for years to come.
固定义齿（FDP），俗称牙桥，在牙科修复中起着举足轻重的作用，为缺牙患者提供了恢复口腔功能和美观的途径。这些修复装置固定在天然牙齿或牙科种植体上，可以弥补缺失牙齿造成的间隙，改善咀嚼、言语和微笑美观。然而，成功安装 FDP 不仅需要初次安装，还需要长期维护和了解潜在的并发症。有效的口腔卫生、定期的牙科检查和专业的牙齿清洁对保持 FDP 的使用寿命至关重要。警惕性是至关重要的，因为 FDP 本身虽然不易发生龋齿，但在清洁基牙周围时可能会遇到困难。潜在的并发症包括龋齿、牙周问题、牙冠或牙桥断裂、基牙退化、美观改变、感觉敏感甚至修复失败。及时干预和采取预防措施是解决这些问题的关键。出现并发症时，牙科医生通常可以修复牙冠断裂等表面问题。严重或反复出现的并发症可能需要更广泛的干预，如制作新的牙桥或考虑其他修复方案，如种植牙或可摘局部义齿。通过遵循这些维护和管理原则，患者可以优化其局部义齿的耐用性和功能性，同时最大限度地降低相关风险，确保在未来的岁月里拥有健康自信的笑容。
{"title":"Long-term maintenance and complications of fixed dental prostheses","authors":"H. Binhuraib, Sundus Saad Alqarni, Nagam Mohammed Mohsen, Abeer Ahmad Alharbi, Ahmed Ibrahim Alghamdi, Adeeb Maseer Almotairi, Abdulrahman Hussain Alhussain, R. Felemban, Anwar Salem Alzahrani, Ehdaa Sameer Eyouni, R. Alhajjaji","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240019","url":null,"abstract":"Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), commonly known as dental bridges, play a pivotal role in restorative dentistry, offering patients a means to regain oral function and aesthetics in cases of tooth loss. These prosthetic devices, anchored to natural teeth or dental implants, bridge the gap created by missing teeth, improving chewing, speech, and smile aesthetics. However, the successful deployment of FDPs requires not only their initial placement but also long-term maintenance and an understanding of potential complications. Effective oral hygiene, regular dental surveillance, and professional dental cleanings are essential for preserving FDP longevity. Vigilance is crucial as FDPs, while resistant to cavities themselves, can pose challenges in cleaning around abutment teeth. Complications, including dental caries, periodontal issues, crown or bridge fractures, abutment tooth deterioration, aesthetic alterations, sensory sensitivity, and even prosthetic failure, are potential concerns. Timely intervention and preventive measures are key to addressing these issues. When complications arise, dental practitioners can often repair superficial problems like crown fractures. Profound or recurrent complications may require more extensive interventions, such as fabricating a new bridge or considering alternative restorative options like dental implants or removable partial dentures. By embracing these principles of maintenance and management, patients can optimize the durability and functionality of their FDPs while minimizing associated risks, ensuring a healthy and confident smile for years to come.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"20 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240017
E. A. Alshafei, Afnan Alsulami, A. Alqurashi, Hanan Salahuddin, Hanin Al luhaibi, Meshal Albaqami, Zahra Mohammad Ali Banat, Muna Aysan Alzahrani, Rehab Almutairi, Nojoud Althoubaity, Walaa Alzubaidi
Background: This study aimed to assess the sleep quality of family medicine physicians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to explore the associations between sleep quality and various demographic and health-related factors. Methods: A total of 109 family medicine physicians participated in this cross-sectional study. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate sleep quality, encompassing seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Data were collected asking questions regarding both before and during the pandemic period. Descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed significant changes in sleep quality components before and during the pandemic. While sleep latency and sleep duration improved, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction worsened during the pandemic. The overall global PSQI score indicated a decline in sleep quality during the pandemic. Females reported poorer sleep quality than males. Participants with general anxiety disorder, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension experienced worse sleep quality. Other demographic and health-related factors exhibited mixed associations with sleep quality. Conclusions: The study highlights the nuanced impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep quality of family medicine physicians. The observed changes in sleep quality components and their associations with various factors underscore the need for tailored interventions to address sleep disturbances among healthcare professionals. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of sleep quality dynamics in the context of a global crisis and emphasize the significance of promoting well-being among healthcare providers for enhanced patient care.
背景：本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯吉达市家庭医生在 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间的睡眠质量，并探讨睡眠质量与各种人口和健康相关因素之间的关联：共有 109 名家庭医生参与了这项横断面研究。匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）用于评估睡眠质量，包括主观睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠药物使用情况和日间功能障碍七个方面。收集数据时询问了大流行前和大流行期间的相关问题。数据分析采用了描述性统计、配对样本 t 检验和卡方检验：结果：研究显示，在大流行之前和期间，睡眠质量的组成部分发生了重大变化。虽然睡眠潜伏期和睡眠持续时间有所改善，但睡眠障碍、睡眠药物使用和日间功能障碍在大流行期间有所恶化。PSQI 总分表明，大流行期间睡眠质量有所下降。女性的睡眠质量比男性差。患有一般焦虑症、糖尿病和高血压的参与者睡眠质量更差。其他人口统计学和健康相关因素与睡眠质量的关系不一：本研究强调了 COVID-19 大流行对全科医生睡眠质量的细微影响。观察到的睡眠质量组成部分的变化及其与各种因素的关系突出表明，有必要采取有针对性的干预措施来解决医疗保健专业人员的睡眠障碍问题。这些研究结果有助于全面了解全球危机背景下的睡眠质量动态，并强调了促进医疗保健提供者的身心健康对加强患者护理的重要意义。
{"title":"Sleep quality among family medicine physicians before and during COVID-19 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","authors":"E. A. Alshafei, Afnan Alsulami, A. Alqurashi, Hanan Salahuddin, Hanin Al luhaibi, Meshal Albaqami, Zahra Mohammad Ali Banat, Muna Aysan Alzahrani, Rehab Almutairi, Nojoud Althoubaity, Walaa Alzubaidi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to assess the sleep quality of family medicine physicians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to explore the associations between sleep quality and various demographic and health-related factors.\u0000Methods: A total of 109 family medicine physicians participated in this cross-sectional study. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate sleep quality, encompassing seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Data were collected asking questions regarding both before and during the pandemic period. Descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.\u0000Results: The study revealed significant changes in sleep quality components before and during the pandemic. While sleep latency and sleep duration improved, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction worsened during the pandemic. The overall global PSQI score indicated a decline in sleep quality during the pandemic. Females reported poorer sleep quality than males. Participants with general anxiety disorder, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension experienced worse sleep quality. Other demographic and health-related factors exhibited mixed associations with sleep quality.\u0000Conclusions: The study highlights the nuanced impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep quality of family medicine physicians. The observed changes in sleep quality components and their associations with various factors underscore the need for tailored interventions to address sleep disturbances among healthcare professionals. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of sleep quality dynamics in the context of a global crisis and emphasize the significance of promoting well-being among healthcare providers for enhanced patient care.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240011
Ana Rebelo, Margarida Serôdio, Francisco Branco Caetano, Andreia Gomes Pereira, Raquel Maia
Anemia is prevalent in pediatric age and it stems from diverse factors. While iron deficiency is a common cause above six months of age, other nutritional deficits contribute to the disease burden. During pregnancy, anemia due to nutritional deficits is associated with adverse outcomes for the newborn. Precise diagnosis of dietary deficits in the pediatric population is vital to avert negative health consequences. We describe the case of a six-month-old exclusively breastfed infant with a mother having unspecified anemia under folic acid supplementation. The infant presented with neurological symptoms, including paroxysmal events and developmental regression. Laboratory analysis revealed pancytopenia and severe vitamin B12 deficiency. The patient’s mother's serum level of vitamin B12 was also low and ant parietal cell antibodies were positive, suggesting maternal autoimmune gastritis. Treatment with hydroxocobalamin led to clinical and analytical improvement. Maternal deficiency is the major cause of cobalamin deficiency in infants. It is paramount to raise awareness to this issue to prevent its avoidable repercussions.
{"title":"A mother's deficiency, a baby's challenge: vitamin B12 deficiency-related seizures and pancytopenia in an infant","authors":"Ana Rebelo, Margarida Serôdio, Francisco Branco Caetano, Andreia Gomes Pereira, Raquel Maia","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240011","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is prevalent in pediatric age and it stems from diverse factors. While iron deficiency is a common cause above six months of age, other nutritional deficits contribute to the disease burden. During pregnancy, anemia due to nutritional deficits is associated with adverse outcomes for the newborn. Precise diagnosis of dietary deficits in the pediatric population is vital to avert negative health consequences. We describe the case of a six-month-old exclusively breastfed infant with a mother having unspecified anemia under folic acid supplementation. The infant presented with neurological symptoms, including paroxysmal events and developmental regression. Laboratory analysis revealed pancytopenia and severe vitamin B12 deficiency. The patient’s mother's serum level of vitamin B12 was also low and ant parietal cell antibodies were positive, suggesting maternal autoimmune gastritis. Treatment with hydroxocobalamin led to clinical and analytical improvement. Maternal deficiency is the major cause of cobalamin deficiency in infants. It is paramount to raise awareness to this issue to prevent its avoidable repercussions.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233864
Waleed A. Hedar, Emad A Alsaedi, A. A. Almohammadi, Mohammed N. Almarwani, Sondos Almadhlouh, Walaa M. Alsharif, Majed H. Alsaedi, Khaled H. Alnhas, Y. N. Alaufi, Nasser N. Alsuhaymi, A. H. Alraddadi, M. A. Kurdi, A. O. Alahmadi, S. A. Alshabi, M. Z. Alhawsawi
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a severe public health issue. Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors affect the development of coronary artery disease. There are several medicinal and interventional treatments offered to treat CAD. This study aimed to compare the complications associated with conservative and surgical treatments of CAD. Data was taken from PubMed, where 679 clinic trials and randomised control trials were chosen after adding filters and 25 studies were added by hand search. Articles were then analysed, and only ten studies were taken for meta-analysis. A total of 41025 patients were added to these studies, out of which 12077 were treated surgically and 28948 were treated by conservative management either by monotherapy or combined medicinal therapy. Further, the meta-analysis done with the help of Revman concluded that 6% (CI 0.00–16.8%) complication cases were reported in conservative treatment and 2% (CI 0.00–23%) in surgical treatment, where the I2 was 100%. Considering the treatments separately, 901 patients given monotherapy and 354 given combined medicinal therapy were reported to have complications. As per the surgical treatments, 509 cases were reported when treated by SAG, and MAG, 216 with PCI, and CABG, 40 when treated by EVH and OVH, and 10 patients faced complications when treated with angioplasty, reported to suffer complications after treatment. So, the surgical treatments, as per this review, have been proven to have less complications than conservative treatment.
{"title":"Comparison of complications associated with conservative and surgical treatment for stable cases of coronary artery disease: meta-analysis and systematic review","authors":"Waleed A. Hedar, Emad A Alsaedi, A. A. Almohammadi, Mohammed N. Almarwani, Sondos Almadhlouh, Walaa M. Alsharif, Majed H. Alsaedi, Khaled H. Alnhas, Y. N. Alaufi, Nasser N. Alsuhaymi, A. H. Alraddadi, M. A. Kurdi, A. O. Alahmadi, S. A. Alshabi, M. Z. Alhawsawi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233864","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a severe public health issue. Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors affect the development of coronary artery disease. There are several medicinal and interventional treatments offered to treat CAD. This study aimed to compare the complications associated with conservative and surgical treatments of CAD. Data was taken from PubMed, where 679 clinic trials and randomised control trials were chosen after adding filters and 25 studies were added by hand search. Articles were then analysed, and only ten studies were taken for meta-analysis. A total of 41025 patients were added to these studies, out of which 12077 were treated surgically and 28948 were treated by conservative management either by monotherapy or combined medicinal therapy. Further, the meta-analysis done with the help of Revman concluded that 6% (CI 0.00–16.8%) complication cases were reported in conservative treatment and 2% (CI 0.00–23%) in surgical treatment, where the I2 was 100%. Considering the treatments separately, 901 patients given monotherapy and 354 given combined medicinal therapy were reported to have complications. As per the surgical treatments, 509 cases were reported when treated by SAG, and MAG, 216 with PCI, and CABG, 40 when treated by EVH and OVH, and 10 patients faced complications when treated with angioplasty, reported to suffer complications after treatment. So, the surgical treatments, as per this review, have been proven to have less complications than conservative treatment.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"135 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233855
Tarik Mohammed Ali Alakkad, Moayad Adnan Diwan, Mohammed Khalid Al Sanie, O. Balkhair, Faisal Musaad Al Mobarak, Rasha Ahmed Badahdah, Abdulaziz Fahad Bakhsh, Norah Rjaa Al Otaibi, Saud Fahad Bin Abdulwahed, Haifa Mohammed Al Sharif, Riyadh Obied Al Anazi
With the global population aging, the oral health of elderly individuals faces unique challenges, particularly concerning dental caries. Root caries, in particular, have become a growing concern due to the significant number of retained teeth in older adults. This review delves into the frequency of root caries among older individuals and examines the limitations of existing dental restorative materials, including amalgam, glass ionomer cement, and light-cured composite resin, in meeting the unique requirements of the elderly. It underscores the urgent necessity for improving the antibacterial, bonding, remineralization, strength, and durability characteristics of these materials. Additionally, the study discusses factors related to aging, treatment planning, and special considerations in geriatric dental care. The review also delves into the challenges associated with providing dental care to elderly individuals, including depression, postural hypotension, prescribed drugs, delayed healing, adaptive potential, mucosal quality, and poor plaque control. Moreover, it addresses the role of xerostomia, bruxism, and certain medical conditions in exacerbating dental issues in the elderly. It also introduces novel anticariogenic restorative materials, such as antimicrobial materials, remineralization materials, and self-healing/low-shrinkage materials, highlighting their potential to improve oral health in older individuals.
{"title":"Dental restorative materials and special consideration for the elderly","authors":"Tarik Mohammed Ali Alakkad, Moayad Adnan Diwan, Mohammed Khalid Al Sanie, O. Balkhair, Faisal Musaad Al Mobarak, Rasha Ahmed Badahdah, Abdulaziz Fahad Bakhsh, Norah Rjaa Al Otaibi, Saud Fahad Bin Abdulwahed, Haifa Mohammed Al Sharif, Riyadh Obied Al Anazi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233855","url":null,"abstract":"With the global population aging, the oral health of elderly individuals faces unique challenges, particularly concerning dental caries. Root caries, in particular, have become a growing concern due to the significant number of retained teeth in older adults. This review delves into the frequency of root caries among older individuals and examines the limitations of existing dental restorative materials, including amalgam, glass ionomer cement, and light-cured composite resin, in meeting the unique requirements of the elderly. It underscores the urgent necessity for improving the antibacterial, bonding, remineralization, strength, and durability characteristics of these materials. Additionally, the study discusses factors related to aging, treatment planning, and special considerations in geriatric dental care. The review also delves into the challenges associated with providing dental care to elderly individuals, including depression, postural hypotension, prescribed drugs, delayed healing, adaptive potential, mucosal quality, and poor plaque control. Moreover, it addresses the role of xerostomia, bruxism, and certain medical conditions in exacerbating dental issues in the elderly. It also introduces novel anticariogenic restorative materials, such as antimicrobial materials, remineralization materials, and self-healing/low-shrinkage materials, highlighting their potential to improve oral health in older individuals.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"33 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233859
A. Alsharif, Khalid Abdulghani Qul, Arwa Nasser Al Qahtani, Omar Ahmad Alomem, Ali Hassan Albariqi, Ameerah Mohammed Alshahrani, Raghda Mansour Rayes, Abdulelah Hussain Alanazi, Rakan Naif Almutairi, Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Almuntashiri, Rahaf Abdullah Houmady
In the field of endodontic therapies, the use of antibiotics, especially in the form of root canal medications, plays a pivotal role in ensuring successful treatment outcomes. This review examines the role of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) in such therapies, delving into its composition, application, and effects on endodontic infections. TAP, a combination of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline, targets the diverse microbial flora in odontogenic infections. Its local application within the root canal space proves more effective than systemic administration, significantly reducing microbial count and aiding in tissue regeneration and disinfection. However, the use of TAP is not without challenges, as it can cause tooth discoloration, particularly due to minocycline, and raise concerns about antibiotic resistance and long-term biocompatibility. This study, conducted through a comprehensive literature search, evaluates the efficacy of TAP, its impact on tooth structure, and its role in maintaining the vitality of diseased pulp. The findings highlight TAP’s significant role in endodontic treatments, emphasizing its benefits in achieving therapeutic goals while acknowledging the need for careful consideration of its drawbacks.
在牙髓治疗领域，抗生素的使用，尤其是以根管治疗药物的形式使用抗生素，对确保成功的治疗结果起着至关重要的作用。这篇综述探讨了三联抗生素糊剂（TAP）在此类疗法中的作用，深入研究了其成分、应用以及对牙髓感染的影响。三联抗生素糊剂是甲硝唑、环丙沙星和米诺环素的复方制剂，主要针对牙源性感染中的各种微生物菌群。事实证明，在根管腔内局部使用这种药物比全身用药更有效，能显著减少微生物数量，促进组织再生和消毒。然而，使用 TAP 也并非没有挑战，因为它可能导致牙齿变色，尤其是米诺环素，并引发对抗生素耐药性和长期生物相容性的担忧。本研究通过全面的文献检索，评估了 TAP 的疗效、对牙齿结构的影响以及在保持病变牙髓活力方面的作用。研究结果突出了 TAP 在牙髓治疗中的重要作用，强调了其在实现治疗目标方面的优势，同时也承认有必要仔细考虑其缺点。
{"title":"Components and outcome of triple antibiotic paste and its application in endodontic infections","authors":"A. Alsharif, Khalid Abdulghani Qul, Arwa Nasser Al Qahtani, Omar Ahmad Alomem, Ali Hassan Albariqi, Ameerah Mohammed Alshahrani, Raghda Mansour Rayes, Abdulelah Hussain Alanazi, Rakan Naif Almutairi, Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Almuntashiri, Rahaf Abdullah Houmady","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233859","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of endodontic therapies, the use of antibiotics, especially in the form of root canal medications, plays a pivotal role in ensuring successful treatment outcomes. This review examines the role of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) in such therapies, delving into its composition, application, and effects on endodontic infections. TAP, a combination of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline, targets the diverse microbial flora in odontogenic infections. Its local application within the root canal space proves more effective than systemic administration, significantly reducing microbial count and aiding in tissue regeneration and disinfection. However, the use of TAP is not without challenges, as it can cause tooth discoloration, particularly due to minocycline, and raise concerns about antibiotic resistance and long-term biocompatibility. This study, conducted through a comprehensive literature search, evaluates the efficacy of TAP, its impact on tooth structure, and its role in maintaining the vitality of diseased pulp. The findings highlight TAP’s significant role in endodontic treatments, emphasizing its benefits in achieving therapeutic goals while acknowledging the need for careful consideration of its drawbacks.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"28 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233857
Loulwah Ahmed Alhammad, Ahmad Mahmoud Ahmad, Turki Khalid Ainosah, Mohab Sameh Samarkandi, Majed Abdullah Alharthi, Ashwaq Mohammad Alsharif, Eman Ayed Al Anazi, Samar Abdulaziz Aldugeshem, Faisal Yahya Johali
Automated sample processing systems, such as handlers, have played a role in expediting specimen handling, especially during emergencies. Additionally, automated analyzers have contributed to increased testing efficiency by enabling high throughput screening and quicker access to information. This article explores how the use of automated technology in laboratories has greatly improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare settings. By examining the integration of automated systems for processing samples and conducting tests this review highlights the impact automation has had on outcomes. One notable benefit is reduced turnaround times, streamlined workflows, and enhanced precision in diagnostic testing. The incorporation of laboratory information management systems (LIMS) has further improved efficiency through data integration and real-time monitoring. Accuracy is an aspect of processes, and automated systems meticulously adhere to predefined protocols, resulting in reduced error rates and consistently reliable results. The introduction of intelligence (AI) has enhanced accuracy, particularly in image analysis within the pathology and radiology fields. Effective clinical management of laboratory automation entails technology selection planning for implementation and ongoing monitoring. Interoperability between systems, continuous education on advancements, and efficient workforce management are all crucial components for successful implementation. Despite challenges faced along the way, adopting laboratory automation is essential for optimizing laboratories' workflows while delivering timely information. The review consistently affirms laboratory automation's valid influence in improving efficiency and accuracy within healthcare environments.
{"title":"The impact of laboratory automation on efficiency and accuracy in healthcare settings","authors":"Loulwah Ahmed Alhammad, Ahmad Mahmoud Ahmad, Turki Khalid Ainosah, Mohab Sameh Samarkandi, Majed Abdullah Alharthi, Ashwaq Mohammad Alsharif, Eman Ayed Al Anazi, Samar Abdulaziz Aldugeshem, Faisal Yahya Johali","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233857","url":null,"abstract":"Automated sample processing systems, such as handlers, have played a role in expediting specimen handling, especially during emergencies. Additionally, automated analyzers have contributed to increased testing efficiency by enabling high throughput screening and quicker access to information. This article explores how the use of automated technology in laboratories has greatly improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare settings. By examining the integration of automated systems for processing samples and conducting tests this review highlights the impact automation has had on outcomes. One notable benefit is reduced turnaround times, streamlined workflows, and enhanced precision in diagnostic testing. The incorporation of laboratory information management systems (LIMS) has further improved efficiency through data integration and real-time monitoring. Accuracy is an aspect of processes, and automated systems meticulously adhere to predefined protocols, resulting in reduced error rates and consistently reliable results. The introduction of intelligence (AI) has enhanced accuracy, particularly in image analysis within the pathology and radiology fields. Effective clinical management of laboratory automation entails technology selection planning for implementation and ongoing monitoring. Interoperability between systems, continuous education on advancements, and efficient workforce management are all crucial components for successful implementation. Despite challenges faced along the way, adopting laboratory automation is essential for optimizing laboratories' workflows while delivering timely information. The review consistently affirms laboratory automation's valid influence in improving efficiency and accuracy within healthcare environments.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"91 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233862
M. Y. Abdullah, Rakan Turki Alotaibi, Khalid Abdulllah Althagafi, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Shatha Thani Alanizi, Yasser Yahya Alzahrani, Mohammad Ahmed Alshamrani, Hassan Ali Alnahwi, Ali Obaid Alrashidi, Naif Nasser Almutawa, Khalid Mohammed Alkwai
Osteoporosis is a health condition that involves bones and an elevated likelihood of fractures. In the realm of family medicine, the prevention of osteoporosis entails evaluating risks promoting bone health and minimizing the occurrence of fractures. This review explores aspects of care for osteoporosis in family medicine, focusing on early detection and intervention. Family physicians need to be observant of signs like fragility fractures, postural changes, and height loss that indicate osteoporosis. Many different elements, such as one’s age, gender, family medical background and the choices they make in their lifestyle can contribute to the likelihood of developing osteoporosis. These factors also help in devising measures to address the condition effectively. Managing osteoporosis requires an approach led by family physicians that includes lifestyle adjustments, medication interventions tailored to risks, and patient education. Emphasizing weight-bearing exercises, nutrition personalized medications are elements of preventive care. Patient education plays a role in ensuring adherence to prescribed treatments as well as adopting strategies to prevent falls. Tools like FRAX help family physicians assess risks and tailor interventions accordingly. Collaborating with therapists and dietitians further enhances the effectiveness of managing osteoporosis through care. Family doctors go beyond their duties. Take a role in community initiatives that aim to increase awareness offer education and carry out screenings to prevent osteoporosis. Family doctors, as healthcare providers, play a role in minimizing the effects of osteoporosis on bone health and overall well-being. This review provides a summary of measures for osteoporosis, in family medicine emphasizing the significance of early identification, personalized treatment and community involvement.
{"title":"Preventive care for osteoporosis in family medicine: risk assessment, bone health, and fracture prevention","authors":"M. Y. Abdullah, Rakan Turki Alotaibi, Khalid Abdulllah Althagafi, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Shatha Thani Alanizi, Yasser Yahya Alzahrani, Mohammad Ahmed Alshamrani, Hassan Ali Alnahwi, Ali Obaid Alrashidi, Naif Nasser Almutawa, Khalid Mohammed Alkwai","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233862","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis is a health condition that involves bones and an elevated likelihood of fractures. In the realm of family medicine, the prevention of osteoporosis entails evaluating risks promoting bone health and minimizing the occurrence of fractures. This review explores aspects of care for osteoporosis in family medicine, focusing on early detection and intervention. Family physicians need to be observant of signs like fragility fractures, postural changes, and height loss that indicate osteoporosis. Many different elements, such as one’s age, gender, family medical background and the choices they make in their lifestyle can contribute to the likelihood of developing osteoporosis. These factors also help in devising measures to address the condition effectively. Managing osteoporosis requires an approach led by family physicians that includes lifestyle adjustments, medication interventions tailored to risks, and patient education. Emphasizing weight-bearing exercises, nutrition personalized medications are elements of preventive care. Patient education plays a role in ensuring adherence to prescribed treatments as well as adopting strategies to prevent falls. Tools like FRAX help family physicians assess risks and tailor interventions accordingly. Collaborating with therapists and dietitians further enhances the effectiveness of managing osteoporosis through care. Family doctors go beyond their duties. Take a role in community initiatives that aim to increase awareness offer education and carry out screenings to prevent osteoporosis. Family doctors, as healthcare providers, play a role in minimizing the effects of osteoporosis on bone health and overall well-being. This review provides a summary of measures for osteoporosis, in family medicine emphasizing the significance of early identification, personalized treatment and community involvement.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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