As in recent decades, Malta has experienced an increase in both the number of available university programs in ageing studies and graduate students, the aim of this article is to evaluate the country’s efforts in ensuring a trained workforce in gerontology, geriatrics, and dementia education. While Malta punches above its weight as far as gerontology education is concerned, one also notes a number of shortcomings. The country is still devoid of a clear space for professional gerontologists to put in practice all their knowledge, and unfortunately both public and private employers are still highly unaware of the skills that professional gerontologists can bring toward the improvement of the quality of life and well-being of older persons living either in the community or long-term care. Moreover, curricula remain hindered by two key limitations. Primarily, there is a disproportionate Western bias in the choice of theories and practices in all realms of ageing studies. Second, that no full-time faculty member at the Department of Gerontology and Dementia Studies is a geriatrician, and that such faculty members all service the University on a visiting basis. In this respect, this chapter recommends three key and urgent strategies for gerontology education in Malta. These include establishing gerontology as a discipline in its own right is long overdue, founding gerontology as a bona fide profession, and accrediting gerontology.
{"title":"The travails of gerontology education in Malta: Challenges and possibilities","authors":"M. Formosa","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1311","url":null,"abstract":"As in recent decades, Malta has experienced an increase in both the number of available university programs in ageing studies and graduate students, the aim of this article is to evaluate the country’s efforts in ensuring a trained workforce in gerontology, geriatrics, and dementia education. While Malta punches above its weight as far as gerontology education is concerned, one also notes a number of shortcomings. The country is still devoid of a clear space for professional gerontologists to put in practice all their knowledge, and unfortunately both public and private employers are still highly unaware of the skills that professional gerontologists can bring toward the improvement of the quality of life and well-being of older persons living either in the community or long-term care. Moreover, curricula remain hindered by two key limitations. Primarily, there is a disproportionate Western bias in the choice of theories and practices in all realms of ageing studies. Second, that no full-time faculty member at the Department of Gerontology and Dementia Studies is a geriatrician, and that such faculty members all service the University on a visiting basis. In this respect, this chapter recommends three key and urgent strategies for gerontology education in Malta. These include establishing gerontology as a discipline in its own right is long overdue, founding gerontology as a bona fide profession, and accrediting gerontology. ","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43956007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to examine the pattern of active life engagement and the association between cognitive functioning and active life engagement among older adults in rural China. Two waves of panel data with the previous day’s activities in a time-use survey were collected among older adults age 60 and older in rural China. Logistic and OLS regressions were used to examine the impacts of cognitive functioning on participation and intensity in six types of activities. The overall active life engagement level of older adults in rural China was relatively low. Cognitive functioning and its decline significantly associated with the active life engagement. Older adults with higher cognitive functioning were more likely to engage in household work, recreational activity, and socially connected activity, and the decline in cognitive functioning was also significantly associated with the lower likelihood of engaging in household work, recreational activity, physical activity, and lower intensity of socially connected activity. Participation in diverse life activities is an important component of successful aging. The findings of this study suggest the need for increasing awareness of the influence of cognition on daily activities. Future interventions need to consider cognitive health to maximize active life engagement in Chinese rural older adults.
{"title":"Association between cognitive functioning and active life engagement: A time-use study of older adults in rural China","authors":"Huijun Liu, Y. Pei, Bei Wu","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1301","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the pattern of active life engagement and the association between cognitive functioning and active life engagement among older adults in rural China. Two waves of panel data with the previous day’s activities in a time-use survey were collected among older adults age 60 and older in rural China. Logistic and OLS regressions were used to examine the impacts of cognitive functioning on participation and intensity in six types of activities. The overall active life engagement level of older adults in rural China was relatively low. Cognitive functioning and its decline significantly associated with the active life engagement. Older adults with higher cognitive functioning were more likely to engage in household work, recreational activity, and socially connected activity, and the decline in cognitive functioning was also significantly associated with the lower likelihood of engaging in household work, recreational activity, physical activity, and lower intensity of socially connected activity. Participation in diverse life activities is an important component of successful aging. The findings of this study suggest the need for increasing awareness of the influence of cognition on daily activities. Future interventions need to consider cognitive health to maximize active life engagement in Chinese rural older adults.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46314435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of the study is to validate the factor structure of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of China’s older population using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The validation process used the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the number of dimensions of MMSE, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the factorial structure of MMSE, and the factorial invariance to conclude the factor structure does not differ between the young-old (aged 65 – 79) and old-old (aged 80 or older). The results of the EFAs suggested two possible factor structures: A six-factor and a seven-factor solution. The seven-factor confirmatory factor model turned out as the best fit by comparison to the four competing confirmatory models. Strict factorial invariance was attained for the two age groups, indicating a high level of measurement equality, a property of invariance was seldom achieved in the literature of factorial invariance studies. In comparison to the MMSE literature that focused solely on EFA that aims to establish a single summated score, the present study suggests using EFA, CFA, and factorial invariance that takes into consideration of measurement errors as the preferred procedure since it establishes the appropriate MMSE dimensionality that is in line with their respective cognitive functions.
{"title":"Validity and reliability of Mini-Mental State Examination in Older Adults in China: Inline Mini-Mental State Examination with cognitive functions","authors":"Teck Kiang Tan, Qiushi Feng","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1285","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the study is to validate the factor structure of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of China’s older population using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The validation process used the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the number of dimensions of MMSE, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the factorial structure of MMSE, and the factorial invariance to conclude the factor structure does not differ between the young-old (aged 65 – 79) and old-old (aged 80 or older). The results of the EFAs suggested two possible factor structures: A six-factor and a seven-factor solution. The seven-factor confirmatory factor model turned out as the best fit by comparison to the four competing confirmatory models. Strict factorial invariance was attained for the two age groups, indicating a high level of measurement equality, a property of invariance was seldom achieved in the literature of factorial invariance studies. In comparison to the MMSE literature that focused solely on EFA that aims to establish a single summated score, the present study suggests using EFA, CFA, and factorial invariance that takes into consideration of measurement errors as the preferred procedure since it establishes the appropriate MMSE dimensionality that is in line with their respective cognitive functions.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a complex interaction between infectious diseases and child nutritional status as infections usually entail some nutritional setback and vice versa. Therefore, vaccination against childhood infectious diseases is an important preventive measure against malnutrition itself, playing a key role in reducing child mortality. However, whereas referring to vaccination coverage it is crucial to have it clear how this coverage is measured, once it may vary considerably depending on the source of information. While child vaccination status is obtained from medical records in developed countries, in developing countries, they are mostly taken from vaccination cards and/or mothers’ reports. Nevertheless, some researchers have come to diverse conclusions in terms of the accuracy of parents’ reports. Based on a rich longitudinal household survey available for Yemen collected in 2012 – 2013, we find that although mothers’ reports should not be discarded when estimating vaccination coverage (otherwise, coverage would be extremely overestimated), this information should be used with caution.
{"title":"Accuracy of mother’s reporting on child immunization in Yemen between 2012 and 2013","authors":"L. R. De Souza, L. C. Alves, R. Guimarães","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i2.1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i2.1274","url":null,"abstract":"There is a complex interaction between infectious diseases and child nutritional status as infections usually entail some nutritional setback and vice versa. Therefore, vaccination against childhood infectious diseases is an important preventive measure against malnutrition itself, playing a key role in reducing child mortality. However, whereas referring to vaccination coverage it is crucial to have it clear how this coverage is measured, once it may vary considerably depending on the source of information. While child vaccination status is obtained from medical records in developed countries, in developing countries, they are mostly taken from vaccination cards and/or mothers’ reports. Nevertheless, some researchers have come to diverse conclusions in terms of the accuracy of parents’ reports. Based on a rich longitudinal household survey available for Yemen collected in 2012 – 2013, we find that although mothers’ reports should not be discarded when estimating vaccination coverage (otherwise, coverage would be extremely overestimated), this information should be used with caution.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44311883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the data of the seventh national census, combined with the statistical data over the years, this paper studies the new situation and new characteristics of China’ s labor force population, such as the change of scale and proportion, the aging of age structure, the trend of spatial agglomeration and the change of labor force population quality, analyzes the challenges faced by China’s labor market in the future, and then puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
{"title":"On the changes of China’s labor force population from the data of seventh national census","authors":"Y. Tong, Zhili Liu, Qian-He Gong","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1355","url":null,"abstract":"According to the data of the seventh national census, combined with the statistical data over the years, this paper studies the new situation and new characteristics of China’ s labor force population, such as the change of scale and proportion, the aging of age structure, the trend of spatial agglomeration and the change of labor force population quality, analyzes the challenges faced by China’s labor market in the future, and then puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45420042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gutiérrez Misis, M. G. González Fernández, M. V. Castell Alcalá
Depression has a great impact on the disease burden of older people around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of depression in Spanish people aged 65 and over (N = 762) and to study its related factors. Logistic regression analysis showed that depression was the relevant covariate, and sociodemographic, health, social network and social support factors are independent covariates. The prevalence of depression is 29.7%. As a woman, low income and/or education, having at least one older child, low health and/or disability rates, and access to external help are all independently and strongly associated with depression.
{"title":"Prevalence of depression among people aged 65 and over in Penagrande community: Relationship with sociodemographic, health, support and social network factors","authors":"A. Gutiérrez Misis, M. G. González Fernández, M. V. Castell Alcalá","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1356","url":null,"abstract":"Depression has a great impact on the disease burden of older people around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of depression in Spanish people aged 65 and over (N = 762) and to study its related factors. Logistic regression analysis showed that depression was the relevant covariate, and sociodemographic, health, social network and social support factors are independent covariates. The prevalence of depression is 29.7%. As a woman, low income and/or education, having at least one older child, low health and/or disability rates, and access to external help are all independently and strongly associated with depression.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49382251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rocío Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Teresa Terrón-Caro, M. C. Monreal-Gimeno
The increase in the number of women entering the migration chain has made a qualitative change in this process. Many studies, including ours, have revealed how women play an active role in decision-making and advocacy and in achieving their goals. This makes immigrant women more independent and enables them to shape the fate of themselves and their children. They maintain family ties but face greater risks. Their dependence makes them belittled in front of themselves and society, and they may be abused and beaten without being regarded as a violation of their rights. Culturally, the distribution of social (productive/reproductive) roles depends on the attribution of men’s and women’s personalities, resulting in inequality.
{"title":"Qualitative study of Tamaulipas: Redefine gender roles and relationships in international migration","authors":"Rocío Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Teresa Terrón-Caro, M. C. Monreal-Gimeno","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1350","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the number of women entering the migration chain has made a qualitative change in this process. Many studies, including ours, have revealed how women play an active role in decision-making and advocacy and in achieving their goals. This makes immigrant women more independent and enables them to shape the fate of themselves and their children. They maintain family ties but face greater risks. Their dependence makes them belittled in front of themselves and society, and they may be abused and beaten without being regarded as a violation of their rights. Culturally, the distribution of social (productive/reproductive) roles depends on the attribution of men’s and women’s personalities, resulting in inequality.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41325587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main channel for the spread of COVID-19 is macro and micro population flow, and population and material flow are important means to promote economic development and ensure people’s living standards, especially for ethnic areas with relatively backward economic development. Based on Baidu migration data, this paper confirms that population flow data has a strong correlation with urban GDP indicators, and quantitatively analyzes the population inflow, population outflow and intra-city population flow in cities in ethnic areas during the new coronavirus epidemic. Influenced by the epidemic, after the Spring Festival in 2020, China’s urban population flow showed a trend of first sharp decline and then a slow upward trend, and the reduction of population outflow and population inflow after the epidemic reflects the limited long-distance population flow in my country, while the increase in urban population flow reflects the post-epidemic population flow. Short-distance mobility increased slightly. The impact of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic on different ethnic regions across the country varies greatly. The northwestern ethnic regions are greatly affected by the epidemic. The average population flow in some cities has dropped by more than 50%, while the impact on the southwestern ethnic regions is relatively small. Analyzing the population flow and economic changes in ethnic areas during the epidemic, and demonstrating the impact of the epidemic in each city will help to formulate more effective prevention and control strategies and poverty alleviation measures for these areas. The analysis results can provide decision-making reference for relevant departments.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pneumonia on population mobility in ethnic minority areas","authors":"Chen Yang, Cheng-quan Wen, Xiaoke Xu","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1361","url":null,"abstract":"The main channel for the spread of COVID-19 is macro and micro population flow, and population and material flow are important means to promote economic development and ensure people’s living standards, especially for ethnic areas with relatively backward economic development. Based on Baidu migration data, this paper confirms that population flow data has a strong correlation with urban GDP indicators, and quantitatively analyzes the population inflow, population outflow and intra-city population flow in cities in ethnic areas during the new coronavirus epidemic. Influenced by the epidemic, after the Spring Festival in 2020, China’s urban population flow showed a trend of first sharp decline and then a slow upward trend, and the reduction of population outflow and population inflow after the epidemic reflects the limited long-distance population flow in my country, while the increase in urban population flow reflects the post-epidemic population flow. Short-distance mobility increased slightly. The impact of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic on different ethnic regions across the country varies greatly. The northwestern ethnic regions are greatly affected by the epidemic. The average population flow in some cities has dropped by more than 50%, while the impact on the southwestern ethnic regions is relatively small. Analyzing the population flow and economic changes in ethnic areas during the epidemic, and demonstrating the impact of the epidemic in each city will help to formulate more effective prevention and control strategies and poverty alleviation measures for these areas. The analysis results can provide decision-making reference for relevant departments.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46120001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to explore the driving mechanism of population aging and solve the dilemma of getting old before getting rich, this paper uses ESDA to analyze the evolution characteristics and driving factors of population aging temporal and spatial pattern in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020, so as to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that: (1) the aging of the population in the Yellow River Basin is gradually deepening, showing a ladder rising pattern from west to east; (2) the population aging in the Yellow River Basin shows a positive spatial correlation, forming a spatial pattern dominated by high-high and low-lowaggregation. Among them, high-high aggregation is mainly distributed in Shandong and low-low aggregation is mainly distributed in Qinghai; (3) population factor is the direct reason for the evolution of the pattern of population aging in the Yellow River Basin, and socio-economic factors are the fundamental reason. Therefore, from these two dimensions, this paper puts forward some suggestions on actively coping with population aging in the Yellow River Basin, such as: adhering to the comprehensive two-child policy, promoting the implementation of the three-child policy, and appropriately increasing the fertility rate; relying on the urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin to attract the return of labor force; establishing a cross regional pension coordination mechanism to realize joint pension; vigorously developing education for the elderly and fully developing human resources for the elderly.
{"title":"Study on temporal and spatial differences and driving factors of population aging in the Yellow River Basin","authors":"G. Qi, Zhibao Wang, Nana Zhao","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i1.1353","url":null,"abstract":"In order to explore the driving mechanism of population aging and solve the dilemma of getting old before getting rich, this paper uses ESDA to analyze the evolution characteristics and driving factors of population aging temporal and spatial pattern in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020, so as to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that: (1) the aging of the population in the Yellow River Basin is gradually deepening, showing a ladder rising pattern from west to east; (2) the population aging in the Yellow River Basin shows a positive spatial correlation, forming a spatial pattern dominated by high-high and low-lowaggregation. Among them, high-high aggregation is mainly distributed in Shandong and low-low aggregation is mainly distributed in Qinghai; (3) population factor is the direct reason for the evolution of the pattern of population aging in the Yellow River Basin, and socio-economic factors are the fundamental reason. Therefore, from these two dimensions, this paper puts forward some suggestions on actively coping with population aging in the Yellow River Basin, such as: adhering to the comprehensive two-child policy, promoting the implementation of the three-child policy, and appropriately increasing the fertility rate; relying on the urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin to attract the return of labor force; establishing a cross regional pension coordination mechanism to realize joint pension; vigorously developing education for the elderly and fully developing human resources for the elderly.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47003987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human life and activities are associated with risk, as risk is inherent in all forms of human existence and action. Risk is regarded as a phenomenological variable considering how people perceive it, especially during a crisis they experience. This paper discusses the characteristics of human behavior in a crisis, with an emphasis on hazard perception and risk assessment, for the purpose of understanding people’s decisions and adaptation before, during, and after a crisis. The discussion focuses on the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic.
{"title":"Psychosocial stress and risk assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Some preliminary thoughts","authors":"M. Čabarkapa, Teodora Safiye, Medo Gutić","doi":"10.18063/ijps.v8i2.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v8i2.1335","url":null,"abstract":"Human life and activities are associated with risk, as risk is inherent in all forms of human existence and action. Risk is regarded as a phenomenological variable considering how people perceive it, especially during a crisis they experience. This paper discusses the characteristics of human behavior in a crisis, with an emphasis on hazard perception and risk assessment, for the purpose of understanding people’s decisions and adaptation before, during, and after a crisis. The discussion focuses on the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49132551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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