Background: Suicide gene therapy is one of the modern methods of cancer treatment. However, transmission for tumor cells is one of the main challenges to overcome. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors that lead to changes in tumors microenvironment. Hypoxia-responsive element sequences are regulatory sequences that lead to activation of their upstream and downstream genes in hypoxic time. Bax is a strong proapoptotic gene that causes apoptosis in the time of over expression in cells. Objectives: The aim of this study is to use this sequence in order to specify suicide gene therapy by the help of a gene producing Bax protein under control of CMV promoter. Methods: The gene of BAX, BAX3HRE and 3HRE were cloned into interested vectors. In the next step, the function of HRE sequence on over expression of upstream gene under hypoxic condition was evaluated through western blot, MTT assay and real time PCR. Results: The results of this study indicate that cells transected by pcDNA3.1/BAX 3HRE. The rate of apoptosis in them significantly increased in comparison with pcDNA3.1/BAX in hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: Regarding the role of HREs in increasing the expression of its upstream genes, it can be used to specify suicide gene therapy in treatment of solid tumors.
背景:自杀基因治疗是现代癌症治疗方法之一。然而，肿瘤细胞的传播是需要克服的主要挑战之一。缺氧是实体肿瘤的常见现象，导致肿瘤微环境的改变。低氧响应元件序列是在缺氧时间导致其上游和下游基因激活的调控序列。Bax是一种强促凋亡基因，在细胞中过表达时导致细胞凋亡。目的:本研究的目的是利用该序列在CMV启动子控制下产生Bax蛋白的基因帮助下确定自杀基因治疗。方法:将BAX、BAX3HRE和BAX3HRE基因克隆到感兴趣的载体上。下一步，通过western blot、MTT和real - time PCR检测HRE序列在缺氧条件下对上游基因过表达的作用。结果:本研究结果表明，pcDNA3.1/BAX 3HRE对细胞进行了横切。与缺氧条件下的pcDNA3.1/BAX相比，它们的凋亡率明显升高。结论:就HREs增加其上游基因表达的作用而言，可用于指定自杀基因疗法治疗实体瘤。
{"title":"Hypoxia Response Elements Can Cause the Overexpression of the BAX mRNA Under Hypoxic Condition","authors":"Ali Ghanbariasad, M. Bandehpour, B. Kazemi","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4554","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide gene therapy is one of the modern methods of cancer treatment. However, transmission for tumor cells is one of the main challenges to overcome. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors that lead to changes in tumors microenvironment. Hypoxia-responsive element sequences are regulatory sequences that lead to activation of their upstream and downstream genes in hypoxic time. Bax is a strong proapoptotic gene that causes apoptosis in the time of over expression in cells. Objectives: The aim of this study is to use this sequence in order to specify suicide gene therapy by the help of a gene producing Bax protein under control of CMV promoter. Methods: The gene of BAX, BAX3HRE and 3HRE were cloned into interested vectors. In the next step, the function of HRE sequence on over expression of upstream gene under hypoxic condition was evaluated through western blot, MTT assay and real time PCR. Results: The results of this study indicate that cells transected by pcDNA3.1/BAX 3HRE. The rate of apoptosis in them significantly increased in comparison with pcDNA3.1/BAX in hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: Regarding the role of HREs in increasing the expression of its upstream genes, it can be used to specify suicide gene therapy in treatment of solid tumors.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fereshteh Farshidi, G. Abedi, M. Moosazadeh, M. Afshari
Background: Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus infection varies between 40% and 100% worldwide. Different studies carried out in Iran indicate this variation in this country. It is important to estimate the total infection prevalence using a reliable method such as meta- analysis in order to be applied by policymakers. This study aims to estimate the IgG and IgM seroprevalences of CMV infection among Iranian women and neonates. Method: We selected eligible articles for final meta- analysis by searching the national and international databases, excluding duplicates and irrelevant papers from primarily identified studies after abstract/full text review, implementing exclusion/inclusion criteria and quality assessment. Standard error of the prevalence was calculated according to binomial distribution formula. Based on the degree of heterogeneity, fixed or random effects models were applied for estimating the pooled prevalences. Results: In this study, 16 papers providing 20 evidences of CMV prevalence in Iran entered in the meta- analysis. CMV IgG and IgM seroprevalences as well as primary infection rate (95% confidence interval) among pregnant women were 92.8% (90.6 - 94.9), 6.4% (2.8 - 9.9) and 1.1% (0.7 - 1.5) respectively. CMV IgM seroprevalence among neonates were 0.6% (0.09 - 1.2), while CMV IgG and CMV IgM seroprevalences among non-pregnant women were 78.4% (70 - 86.8) and 4.6% (1.5 - 7.6) respectively. Conclusions: This meta- analysis showed that the prevalence of CMV infection among studied population is relatively high. Therefore, mortality, complications, anomalies and injuries among fetuses, neonates and immunocompromized patients can be partially related to the CMV infection.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Primary Infection among Women and Infants in Iran: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Fereshteh Farshidi, G. Abedi, M. Moosazadeh, M. Afshari","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-3704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-3704","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus infection varies between 40% and 100% worldwide. Different studies carried out in Iran indicate this variation in this country. It is important to estimate the total infection prevalence using a reliable method such as meta- analysis in order to be applied by policymakers. This study aims to estimate the IgG and IgM seroprevalences of CMV infection among Iranian women and neonates. Method: We selected eligible articles for final meta- analysis by searching the national and international databases, excluding duplicates and irrelevant papers from primarily identified studies after abstract/full text review, implementing exclusion/inclusion criteria and quality assessment. Standard error of the prevalence was calculated according to binomial distribution formula. Based on the degree of heterogeneity, fixed or random effects models were applied for estimating the pooled prevalences. Results: In this study, 16 papers providing 20 evidences of CMV prevalence in Iran entered in the meta- analysis. CMV IgG and IgM seroprevalences as well as primary infection rate (95% confidence interval) among pregnant women were 92.8% (90.6 - 94.9), 6.4% (2.8 - 9.9) and 1.1% (0.7 - 1.5) respectively. CMV IgM seroprevalence among neonates were 0.6% (0.09 - 1.2), while CMV IgG and CMV IgM seroprevalences among non-pregnant women were 78.4% (70 - 86.8) and 4.6% (1.5 - 7.6) respectively. Conclusions: This meta- analysis showed that the prevalence of CMV infection among studied population is relatively high. Therefore, mortality, complications, anomalies and injuries among fetuses, neonates and immunocompromized patients can be partially related to the CMV infection.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68177922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Moghaddasifar, K. Lankarani, M. Moosazadeh, M. Afshari, Mina Malary
Background: Hepatitis B infection can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Although the universal neonatal vaccination and catch up vaccination of teenagers along with targeted vaccination of at risk population have decreased the prevalence of HBV infection in Iran dramatically, there is still risk of vertical transmission with subsequent chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of latent HBV infection among Iranian pregnant women using meta- analysis method. Data Sources: Papers written in Persian or English were identified during a comprehensive search within five national and four international main databases. Study Eligibility Criteria and Participants: Studies reported the HBV infection prevalence among Iranian pregnant women and provided enough quality scores were selected for this meta-analysis. Methods: After a systematic review of national and international databases, duplicated and irrelevant studies were excluded. Standard error of the infection prevalence was calculated based on the binomial distribution. Because of the significant heterogeneity observed among the results, random effects model was applied to combine the results of the primary studies. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression models were used to detect the sources of this heterogeneity. Results: At final step of the systematic search, 18 papers entered into the meta-analysis investigating 24853 pregnant women. Prevalence of HBV infection among Iranian pregnant women was estimated as 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.9 - 1.6). Among different risk factors assessed, only familial history in four studies out of five relevant evidences was statistically significant. Conclusions: HBV infection prevalence among Iranian pregnant women is low and familial history is its major determinant.
{"title":"Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection among Pregnant Women in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"I. Moghaddasifar, K. Lankarani, M. Moosazadeh, M. Afshari, Mina Malary","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-3703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-3703","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B infection can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Although the universal neonatal vaccination and catch up vaccination of teenagers along with targeted vaccination of at risk population have decreased the prevalence of HBV infection in Iran dramatically, there is still risk of vertical transmission with subsequent chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of latent HBV infection among Iranian pregnant women using meta- analysis method. Data Sources: Papers written in Persian or English were identified during a comprehensive search within five national and four international main databases. Study Eligibility Criteria and Participants: Studies reported the HBV infection prevalence among Iranian pregnant women and provided enough quality scores were selected for this meta-analysis. Methods: After a systematic review of national and international databases, duplicated and irrelevant studies were excluded. Standard error of the infection prevalence was calculated based on the binomial distribution. Because of the significant heterogeneity observed among the results, random effects model was applied to combine the results of the primary studies. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression models were used to detect the sources of this heterogeneity. Results: At final step of the systematic search, 18 papers entered into the meta-analysis investigating 24853 pregnant women. Prevalence of HBV infection among Iranian pregnant women was estimated as 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.9 - 1.6). Among different risk factors assessed, only familial history in four studies out of five relevant evidences was statistically significant. Conclusions: HBV infection prevalence among Iranian pregnant women is low and familial history is its major determinant.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68176854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Participation Rate and Related Factors in Colonoscopy Screening Program in First-Degree Relatives of Patients Affected by Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Arezoo Chouhdari, P. Yavari, M. Pourhoseingholi, M. Zali","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4808","url":null,"abstract":"Background: First-degreerelatives(FDRs)of peoplediagnosedwithcolorectalcancer(CRC)haveatwo-tothree-foldincreasedriskof developingdisease. Colonoscopy screeningtestcanbeeffectiveinpreventionandearlytreatment. Objectives: Thepurposeof thisstudywastodeterminetherateof participationincolonoscopyscreeningtestandrelatedfactorsinfirstdegreerelatives. Methods: 200FDRsof CRCcaseswereinterviewedbytheresearchers.Areliableandvalidquestionnaireaboutundergoingcolonoscopyscreeningtestandbarrierswas filledviaphone. Toreportqualitativedataresults,weusedpercentandproportion. Full(bytotalvariables)andfinal(ForwardLR)multiplelogisticregressionanalysis wereusedtomakeamodelwhichwasexecutedusingspss19. Results: Intotal,59% FDRshadundergonecolonoscopyscreeningtesttothetimeofinterview.Majorreasonsfornotparticipatingwerefearofpain(23%),concernsabout complicationsandtestpositiveresult(21.5%),lackofhealthinsurance(21.5%),notbelievinginthetesteffectiveness(17%),noneedbecauseofhealthyfeeling(13%),embar-rassment(12%)anddistrusttoserviceproviderskills(10%).Resultsofmultiplelogisticregressionanalysisindicatedthereisstatisticalsignificancebetweenparticipatingcolonoscopyscreeningandvariables“notaffectedwithhypertension(95%CI:0.4-2.04,OR=3.7),believeintesteffectivenessinFDRs(95%CI:1.8-16.9,OR=5.6),alsoageofdiagnosis 50inCRCcases(95%CI:1.7-2.3,OR=2)”.Finally,agebelow50(95%CI:1.1-5.1,OR=2.4),notbeingalivepersonaffectedbyCRC(95%CI:1.2-5.8,OR=3.3),monthly familyincome 10millionRials(95%CI:1.08-4.7,OR=2.2)andbelief ineffectivenessof thetest(95%CI:2.61-12.55,OR=5.7)werepredictorfactorstoparticipate. Conclusion: FutureInterventionsshouldfocusonfosteringpositiveattitudes,overcomingbarriers,enhancingsocialandhealthinsurancesupportandfollowingmed- icalrecommendationconsecutivetoperformingcolonoscopyscreeningtest.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Soheylizad, S. Khazaei, S. Khazaei, S. Rezaeian
: This study aimed to identify the role of HDI in the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer (LC) worldwide. Data about the incidence and mortality rate of LC for the year 2012 was obtained from the global cancer project for 172 countries. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained for 169 countries from the United Nations development programme database. In 2012, LC was estimated to have affected a total of 1,824,701 individuals (crude rate: 25.9 per 100,000 individuals), and caused 1,589,925 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 22.5 per 100,000 individuals). LC accounts for 13% of total cancers incidence. There was a positive correlation between the HDI and LC incidence (R = 0.79, P < 0.05), and also with LC mortality rate (R = 0.77, P < 0.05) in the world in 2012. Linear regression model showed that increasing of HDI, mean of life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita, percent of urbanization, and age standardized obesity had a positive effect on increase in both incidence and mortality rates of LC. Our study showed that the burden of LC is enormous in high and very high HDI regions. Such actions include primary prevention strategies to effective control of the lifestyle behaviours prevalence including tobacco avoidance and cessation of smoking, a reduction in alcohol consumption and obesity, and the promotion of increased levels of physical activity, as well as the implementation of early detection programs. Moreover, further reductions in mortality could be brought about by increasing access to curative treatment for patients with LC.
本研究旨在确定HDI在全球肺癌(LC)发病率和死亡率中的作用。关于2012年肝癌发病率和死亡率的数据来自172个国家的全球癌症项目。从联合国开发计划署数据库获得了169个国家的人类发展指数和其他指数的数据。2012年，估计LC总共影响了1,824,701人(原始比率:每100,000人25.9人)，并在全球造成1,589,925人死亡(原始比率:每100,000人22.5人)。LC占癌症总发病率的13%。2012年世界范围内HDI与LC发病率呈正相关(R = 0.79, P < 0.05)，与LC死亡率呈正相关(R = 0.77, P < 0.05)。线性回归模型显示，HDI、出生时平均预期寿命、平均受教育年限、人均国民总收入、城市化率和年龄标准化肥胖对LC的发病率和死亡率均有正向影响。我们的研究表明，在HDI高和非常高的地区，LC的负担是巨大的。这些行动包括旨在有效控制生活方式行为流行率的初级预防战略，包括避免和戒烟，减少酒精消费和肥胖，促进增加身体活动水平，以及实施早期发现规划。此外，通过增加对LC患者的治愈性治疗可进一步降低死亡率。
{"title":"Relation Between Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates with Human Development Index and Its Components: A Global Ecological Study","authors":"M. Soheylizad, S. Khazaei, S. Khazaei, S. Rezaeian","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5310","url":null,"abstract":": This study aimed to identify the role of HDI in the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer (LC) worldwide. Data about the incidence and mortality rate of LC for the year 2012 was obtained from the global cancer project for 172 countries. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained for 169 countries from the United Nations development programme database. In 2012, LC was estimated to have affected a total of 1,824,701 individuals (crude rate: 25.9 per 100,000 individuals), and caused 1,589,925 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 22.5 per 100,000 individuals). LC accounts for 13% of total cancers incidence. There was a positive correlation between the HDI and LC incidence (R = 0.79, P < 0.05), and also with LC mortality rate (R = 0.77, P < 0.05) in the world in 2012. Linear regression model showed that increasing of HDI, mean of life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita, percent of urbanization, and age standardized obesity had a positive effect on increase in both incidence and mortality rates of LC. Our study showed that the burden of LC is enormous in high and very high HDI regions. Such actions include primary prevention strategies to effective control of the lifestyle behaviours prevalence including tobacco avoidance and cessation of smoking, a reduction in alcohol consumption and obesity, and the promotion of increased levels of physical activity, as well as the implementation of early detection programs. Moreover, further reductions in mortality could be brought about by increasing access to curative treatment for patients with LC.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Seyedfatemi, M. M. Hamooleh, L. Borimnejad, M. Tahmasebi
Background: Palliative care is an important part of eective cancer care Objectives: The purpose of our study was to explore the lived experiences of nurses providing psychological palliative care for cancer patients in Iran. Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological study was performed. We interviewed 11 oncology nurses to understand their lived experiences in cancer wards about psychological palliative care. We employed a seven-stage process of data analysis. Results: One constitutive pattern 'palliative care as the driving force for providing psychological comfort to patients with cancer' and three associated themes, namely 'stress management', 'empathetic behavior', and 'all-embracing outlook', were identified. Conclusions: The findings present better understanding of the lived experiences of oncology nurses in Iran regarding the phenomena under study.
{"title":"Palliative Care as the Driving Force for Providing Psychological Comfort to Patients with Cancer: A Hermeneutic Study","authors":"N. Seyedfatemi, M. M. Hamooleh, L. Borimnejad, M. Tahmasebi","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4516","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Palliative care is an important part of eective cancer care Objectives: The purpose of our study was to explore the lived experiences of nurses providing psychological palliative care for cancer patients in Iran. Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological study was performed. We interviewed 11 oncology nurses to understand their lived experiences in cancer wards about psychological palliative care. We employed a seven-stage process of data analysis. Results: One constitutive pattern 'palliative care as the driving force for providing psychological comfort to patients with cancer' and three associated themes, namely 'stress management', 'empathetic behavior', and 'all-embracing outlook', were identified. Conclusions: The findings present better understanding of the lived experiences of oncology nurses in Iran regarding the phenomena under study.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kermani, R. Vakili, Samaneh Dadkhah, A. Jafarian, R. Bagheri
Background: HER-2/neu overexpression has been reported in various human cancers and identified as a significant predictor of poor survival. In this studyHER-2/neu overexpression and its associations with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 64 patients with histological diagnosis of primary ESCC who underwent surgery for curative treatment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess expression of HER-2/neu receptor in formalin-fixed paran-embedded tissue blocks. Results: The mean age of patients was 60.1 1.28 years. The overall HER2 expression was observed in 51.5% of ESCC patients without considering IHC scores. HER2/neu overexpression (6%) was significantly associated with the tumor dierentiation (P < 0.001). 20.3% of cases were stage I, 67.2% stage II, and 12.5% stage III. 17 patients (26.2%) had vascular invasion, 12 patients (18.8%) had neuronal invasion and 7 patients (10.9%) had invasion to margins. Nine of 12 patients withHER-2/neu over expression had thoracic tumors and only three of them had an abdominal ESCC. Conclusions: No significant correlations were found between HER2/neu overexpression and gender, age, tumor invasion, location of tumor, TNM stages and stage of tumor in patients with ESCC.
{"title":"HER-2/neu Overxpression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) and Its Correlation with Patient’s Clinicopathological Features","authors":"A. Kermani, R. Vakili, Samaneh Dadkhah, A. Jafarian, R. Bagheri","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HER-2/neu overexpression has been reported in various human cancers and identified as a significant predictor of poor survival. In this studyHER-2/neu overexpression and its associations with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 64 patients with histological diagnosis of primary ESCC who underwent surgery for curative treatment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess expression of HER-2/neu receptor in formalin-fixed paran-embedded tissue blocks. Results: The mean age of patients was 60.1 1.28 years. The overall HER2 expression was observed in 51.5% of ESCC patients without considering IHC scores. HER2/neu overexpression (6%) was significantly associated with the tumor dierentiation (P < 0.001). 20.3% of cases were stage I, 67.2% stage II, and 12.5% stage III. 17 patients (26.2%) had vascular invasion, 12 patients (18.8%) had neuronal invasion and 7 patients (10.9%) had invasion to margins. Nine of 12 patients withHER-2/neu over expression had thoracic tumors and only three of them had an abdominal ESCC. Conclusions: No significant correlations were found between HER2/neu overexpression and gender, age, tumor invasion, location of tumor, TNM stages and stage of tumor in patients with ESCC.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nowadays, research about quality of life in breast cancer patients is so important, because of progress in treatment procedure in health science. Brest cancer influences quality of life aspects and disrupts social relationships. This creates recluse lifestyle and speeds up disease trend. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the eect(s) of social capital on quality of life, treatment compliance, and pain in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial, 29 patients with breast cancer (who referred to Kashany hospital in Shahrekord during 2010 - 2012) through non-probability (available) sampling were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received some inter- ventions to promote social capital and the non-intervention group took routine treatment. Results: Before the intervention, both groups were similar in terms of the study variables. But after the intervention, in the intervention group social capital, Qol and treatment compliance increased and in the non-intervention group, these variables decreased. Pain in both groups was reduced, but this reduction was more noticeable in the intervention group. Conclusions: Increasing the social capital results in promoting Qol, health behaviors, treatment compliance and pain relief. Then methods of promoting social capital can be used as a way to improve Qol and treatment compliance and relieve pain.
{"title":"The Effect of Social Capital Enhancement on Quality of Life, Treatment Compliance and Pain in Patients with Breast Cancer","authors":"S. M. Hosseini, M. Mousavi, H. Rafiee, S. Karimi","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4618","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nowadays, research about quality of life in breast cancer patients is so important, because of progress in treatment procedure in health science. Brest cancer influences quality of life aspects and disrupts social relationships. This creates recluse lifestyle and speeds up disease trend. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the eect(s) of social capital on quality of life, treatment compliance, and pain in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial, 29 patients with breast cancer (who referred to Kashany hospital in Shahrekord during 2010 - 2012) through non-probability (available) sampling were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received some inter- ventions to promote social capital and the non-intervention group took routine treatment. Results: Before the intervention, both groups were similar in terms of the study variables. But after the intervention, in the intervention group social capital, Qol and treatment compliance increased and in the non-intervention group, these variables decreased. Pain in both groups was reduced, but this reduction was more noticeable in the intervention group. Conclusions: Increasing the social capital results in promoting Qol, health behaviors, treatment compliance and pain relief. Then methods of promoting social capital can be used as a way to improve Qol and treatment compliance and relieve pain.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Pourali, A. Taghizadeh, Mohammad Akhoundi, F. Varshoei, A. Zarifian, M. Andalibi
Background: Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women, worldwide. Several etiologic factors may cause anemia in a patient with breast cancer. Anemia is a prevalent complication in patients with breast cancer who undergo chemotherapy which affects the health status and quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 144 women with non-metastatic breast cancer who referred to radiotherapy and oncology department of Imam Reza hospital and met inclusion criteria were included. Data were obtained from patients’ archived documents and were analyzed by SPSS software (version16). Results: In this study, 41% of patients were anemic before the chemotherapy and 43.1% of patients became anemic during and after treatment. The prevalence of post-chemotherapy anemia was significantly higher in advanced stages of cancer (P = 0.01). The chance of developing anemia were more in patients who underwent 8 cycles and AC + paclitaxel regimen, compared to the ones with 6 cycles and other regimens. There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of anemia and type of chemotherapy regimen, number of chemotherapy cycles, positive lymph nodes, co-morbidities, menstrual status, and body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of chemotherapy-induced anemia and its effects on quality of life, even mild degrees of anemia should be detected and evaluated before treatment. Considering early interventions is of cardinal importance, especially in the elderly.
{"title":"Frequency of Chemotherapy Induced Anemia in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"L. Pourali, A. Taghizadeh, Mohammad Akhoundi, F. Varshoei, A. Zarifian, M. Andalibi","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4672","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women, worldwide. Several etiologic factors may cause anemia in a patient with breast cancer. Anemia is a prevalent complication in patients with breast cancer who undergo chemotherapy which affects the health status and quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 144 women with non-metastatic breast cancer who referred to radiotherapy and oncology department of Imam Reza hospital and met inclusion criteria were included. Data were obtained from patients’ archived documents and were analyzed by SPSS software (version16). Results: In this study, 41% of patients were anemic before the chemotherapy and 43.1% of patients became anemic during and after treatment. The prevalence of post-chemotherapy anemia was significantly higher in advanced stages of cancer (P = 0.01). The chance of developing anemia were more in patients who underwent 8 cycles and AC + paclitaxel regimen, compared to the ones with 6 cycles and other regimens. There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of anemia and type of chemotherapy regimen, number of chemotherapy cycles, positive lymph nodes, co-morbidities, menstrual status, and body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of chemotherapy-induced anemia and its effects on quality of life, even mild degrees of anemia should be detected and evaluated before treatment. Considering early interventions is of cardinal importance, especially in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Fetography has named the radiography of the fetus in utero. Due to the potential risk of radiation-induced cancers and other malignant effects, this procedure has avoided and has completely replaced by ultrasonography. However it has observed that this invasive procedure has still followed in some clinical departments. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the current status of the fetography and its prevalence as an un-recommended diagnostic procedure in teaching hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: The radiology and ultrasonography reception systems of two teaching hospitals of Ahvaz have investigated to identify pregnant patients who has undergone fetal presentation imaging (cephalic or breech) between 21 March 2013 and 21 March 2015. Results: In general 3741 pregnant women who have undergone fetal-presentation imaging during two past years have identified. There was significant statistically differences between X-ray and ultrasonography examinations (2528 vs. 1213; P value < 0.05), as those have accounted for 67.5% and 32.5% of the performed examinations, respectively. Women younger than 30 years, who were more sensitive to radiation, accounted for 51.2% of the X-ray examinations. The number of fetographies has increased as much as 2.2 fold during 2013 to 2015. Discussion: Women of the investigated hospital have received avoidable fetal irradiation due to fetography then it was a reason for concern. Ultrasonography should be the first-line imaging modality for pregnant women, especially in the case of fetal-presentation.
背景:胎儿造影(Fetography)被称为子宫内胎儿的影像学检查。由于潜在的风险辐射引起的癌症和其他恶性影响，这一程序已避免，并已完全取代超声检查。然而，据观察，这种侵入性手术在一些临床部门仍然沿用。目的:本研究的目的是评估胎儿造影的现状及其作为伊朗阿瓦士教学医院不推荐的诊断程序的流行程度。方法:对2013年3月21日至2015年3月21日阿瓦士两所教学医院的影像学和超声接收系统进行调查，确定2013年3月21日至2015年3月21日期间接受胎儿表现成像(头侧或臀侧)的孕妇。结果:在过去的两年中，有3741名孕妇接受了胎儿表现成像。x线与超声检查有显著的统计学差异(2528 vs 1213;P值< 0.05)，分别占检查次数的67.5%和32.5%。年龄小于30岁的女性对放射更敏感，占x线检查的51.2%。从2013年到2015年，胎状图的数量增加了2.2倍。讨论:被调查医院的妇女由于胎儿造影而接受了可避免的胎儿照射，这是一个值得关注的原因。超声检查应该是孕妇的一线成像方式，特别是在胎儿出现的情况下。
{"title":"Current Status of the Fetography: Preventing of the Future Radiation Induced Cancer","authors":"M. Zabihzadeh, V. Karami","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5209","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fetography has named the radiography of the fetus in utero. Due to the potential risk of radiation-induced cancers and other malignant effects, this procedure has avoided and has completely replaced by ultrasonography. However it has observed that this invasive procedure has still followed in some clinical departments. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the current status of the fetography and its prevalence as an un-recommended diagnostic procedure in teaching hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: The radiology and ultrasonography reception systems of two teaching hospitals of Ahvaz have investigated to identify pregnant patients who has undergone fetal presentation imaging (cephalic or breech) between 21 March 2013 and 21 March 2015. Results: In general 3741 pregnant women who have undergone fetal-presentation imaging during two past years have identified. There was significant statistically differences between X-ray and ultrasonography examinations (2528 vs. 1213; P value < 0.05), as those have accounted for 67.5% and 32.5% of the performed examinations, respectively. Women younger than 30 years, who were more sensitive to radiation, accounted for 51.2% of the X-ray examinations. The number of fetographies has increased as much as 2.2 fold during 2013 to 2015. Discussion: Women of the investigated hospital have received avoidable fetal irradiation due to fetography then it was a reason for concern. Ultrasonography should be the first-line imaging modality for pregnant women, especially in the case of fetal-presentation.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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