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Association Between NAT2 Polymorphisms and Prostate Cancer NAT2多态性与前列腺癌症的相关性研究
Pub Date : 2017-02-14 DOI: 10.5812/IJCP.5716
M. Hasanzad, S. Ziaei, V. Montazeri, M. Afshari, S. Jamaldini, M. Imani, M. Sattari, Leila Hashemian, Seyed Rouhollah Kalantar Moaetamed, Mohammad Samzadeh
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引用次数: 1
Scientific Advances of Milk Enrichment with Conjugated Linoleic Acid to Produce Anti-Cancer Milk 共轭亚油酸富集乳生产抗癌乳的科学进展
Pub Date : 2017-01-30 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-5868
M. Biglu, H. Janmohammadi, Lila Mirzapour
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引用次数: 2
Triple Therapy with Doxorubicin, Imatinib and Tamoxifen in Recurrence Desmoids Tumor Associated with Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review 阿霉素、伊马替尼和他莫昔芬三联治疗妊娠相关硬纤维瘤复发:病例报告和文献复习
Pub Date : 2017-01-25 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-5476
M. Aznab
Introduction: Desmoid tumors, also known as aggressive fibromatosis, grow slowly but are locally aggressive. The therapy strategy consists of surgery, and radiation. Systemic therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiestrogen compounds, cytotoxic chemotherapy and protein kinase inhibitors are recommended for recurrence, unresectable, advanced disease and failure to response to primary treatment. Case Presentation: We report on a 35-year-old female patient with advanced fibromatosis of the soft tissue of neck who has been treated with triple therapy including 8 cycles of Doxorubicin, Tamoxifen daily, and Imatinib daily. Tumor response was evaluated clinically and by enhanced CT SCAN imaging. Conclusions: 90% reduction in tumor size occurred after 6 months of treatment. The response continued and after 8 courses of doxorobicine treatment switched to triple therapy with imatinib , tamoifen and celexocib
硬纤维瘤,也称为侵袭性纤维瘤病,生长缓慢,但局部具有侵袭性。治疗策略包括手术和放疗。对于复发、不可切除、疾病晚期和初级治疗无效的患者,推荐使用非甾体抗炎药、抗雌激素化合物、细胞毒性化疗和蛋白激酶抑制剂进行全身治疗。病例介绍:我们报告了一位35岁的女性晚期颈部软组织纤维瘤病患者,她接受了三联治疗,包括8个周期的阿霉素、他莫昔芬和伊马替尼。通过临床和增强CT扫描成像评估肿瘤反应。结论:治疗6个月后肿瘤缩小90%。8个疗程的多柔比滨治疗后,疗效持续,转为伊马替尼、他莫昔芬和塞来昔布的三联治疗
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引用次数: 2
The Molecular Mechanisms of Tobacco in Cancer Pathogenesis 烟草在癌症发病中的分子机制
Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-7902
Elaheh Nooshinfar, D. Bashash, Mahnaz Abbasalizadeh, A. Safaroghli-Azar, P. Sadreazami, M. Akbari
Context: Studies have shown that cancer is a multi-factorial disease in its pathogenesis, in addition to genetic disorders, the effect of environmental factors can also be pointed. Among all environmental factors, tobacco that is considered as the leading cause of respiratory and cardiovascular disease plays a key role in cancer pathogenesis and progression. More than 5,000 chemicals and 62 carcinogenes have been detected in tobacco, which could contribute to tumorgenesis through activating oncogenes, inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, genetic and epigenetic changes, alteration of growth pathways, angiogenesis and metastasis. Evidence Acquisition: To access the articles, we used valid external and internal databases. In order to set the search formula with maximum collectivity, at the first step, the main keywords were characterized and then equivalent terms were identified using various sources. In order to retrieve the last research papers, searches were conducted constantly from 1970 until 2015. The obtained results were screened in terms of relevance and quality indicators such as proper research design, control groups, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and also the statistical analysis. Accordingly, 150 articles were obtained and finally 64 articles which were eligible and had high relevance to the topic were selected and reviewed. Results: This review explains the association between tobacco smoking and the incidence of different human cancers; also it focuses on molecular mechanisms through which carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco smoke promote cancer progression. Among multiple components of tobacco smoke, three carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nictotine and nicotin-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) convincingly play major roles in the pathogenesis of a wide range of cancers. In fact, these toxic and carcinogenic agents alter the expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, DNA repair, and last but not least, apoptosis-related genes through several mechanisms, such as point mutations, deletions, translocations and gene recombination. Moreover, implication of different tumorgenic signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, STAT3, ERK1/2 and COX-2 in tobacco-induced tumorgenesis should not be underestimated. Conclusions: Although many facts about the carcinogenic character of tobacco are yet unknown, understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer development associated with smoking could be promising for early detection, treatment, and reducing metastasis of tobacco-related cancers.
背景:研究表明,癌症是一种多因素疾病,在其发病机制上,除遗传疾病外,环境因素的作用也可以指出来。在所有环境因素中,烟草被认为是呼吸系统和心血管疾病的主要原因,在癌症的发病和进展中起着关键作用。烟草中已检测出5000多种化学物质和62种致癌物质,这些物质可能通过激活致癌基因、抑制肿瘤抑制基因、遗传和表观遗传变化、改变生长途径、血管生成和转移等途径促进肿瘤的发生。证据获取:为了获取文章,我们使用了有效的外部和内部数据库。为了设置集体性最大的搜索公式,首先对主要关键词进行特征描述,然后利用各种来源识别等价词。为了检索最后的研究论文,从1970年到2015年不断进行检索。对获得的结果进行相关性和质量指标筛选,如适当的研究设计、对照组、纳入和排除标准以及统计分析。据此,共获得150篇文章,最终选出64篇符合条件且与主题高度相关的文章进行评审。结果:本综述解释了吸烟与不同人类癌症发病率之间的关系;它还关注烟草烟雾中的致癌化学物质促进癌症进展的分子机制。在烟草烟雾的多种成分中,三种致癌物,包括多环芳烃(PAH)、尼古丁和尼古丁衍生的亚硝胺酮(NNK),在多种癌症的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。事实上,这些毒性和致癌性物质通过点突变、缺失、易位和基因重组等多种机制改变癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因、DNA修复以及凋亡相关基因的表达。此外,不同的肿瘤信号转导通路,如PI3K/AKT、STAT3、ERK1/2和COX-2在烟草诱导的肿瘤发生中的作用也不应被低估。结论:尽管关于烟草致癌特性的许多事实尚不清楚,但了解与吸烟相关的癌症发展的分子机制可能有助于早期发现、治疗和减少烟草相关癌症的转移。
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引用次数: 8
Association Between Cytochrome 1B1*3 Polymorphism and the Breast Cancer in a Group of Iranian Women 细胞色素1B1*3多态性与伊朗女性乳腺癌的关系
Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-6428
Faezeh Kholousi Adab, Z. T. Fard, M. Akbari
Background: Asahormone-dependentcancer,estrogenisinvolvedinthedevelopmentof breastcancer. CYP1B1 belongstotheP450 superfamily of enzymes and is involved in the metabolism of estrogen. The present study investigates the relationship between CYP1B1*3 rs1056836 polymorphism and breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods: Thepresentcase-controlstudywasconductedon79womenwithbreastcancerand79healthywomenadmittedtoShoha-daye Tajrish hospital in Tehran. Blood samples were taken from all the participants and their leukocyte DNA was extracted. The PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping the participants based on the size of the pieces on the gel. Based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model, the frequency of alleles was calculated. Results: The mean age of participants was 48 ± 8 years old in the cancer group and 43 ± 6 years old in the control group. After counting the genotypes, their percentages were calculated as 30.38% for the GG genotype, 37.97% for the GC/CG and 31.65% for the CC in the cancer group and as 32.91% for the GG genotype, 53.16% for the GC/CG and 13.93% for the CC in the control group. Based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model, the frequency of the G allele and C allele was 49.37% and 50.63 in the cancer group, and about 59.49% and 40.51% in the control group. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the CC homozygotes (P = 0.008). Conclusions: Theresultsobtainedshowedpossibilityof asignificantrelationshipbetween CYP1B1 rs1056836polymorphismandthe riskof developingbreastcancer,andthepolymorphismcan,therefore,besaidtobeinvolvedinthedevelopmentof thiscondition.
背景:激素依赖性癌症,雌激素参与了乳腺癌的发展。CYP1B1属于P450酶超家族,参与雌激素的代谢。本研究探讨了伊朗妇女CYP1B1*3rs1056836多态性与癌症的关系。方法:对德黑兰Shaha-daye Tajrish医院收治的79名乳腺癌妇女和79名健康女性进行本病例对照研究。从所有参与者身上采集血样,提取他们的白细胞DNA。PCR-RFLP方法用于根据凝胶上碎片的大小对参与者进行基因分型。基于Hardy-Weinberg平衡模型,计算了等位基因的频率。结果:癌症组和对照组的平均年龄分别为48±8岁和43±6岁。计算基因型后,癌症组GG基因型、GC/CG基因型和CC基因型的百分比分别为30.38%、37.97%和31.65%,对照组GG型、GC/GG基因型、CC基因型分别为32.91%、53.16%和13.93%。根据Hardy-Weinberg平衡模型,癌症组G等位基因和C等位基因频率分别为49.37%和50.63,对照组分别为59.49%和40.51%。在CC纯合子方面,两组之间观察到统计学上的显著差异(P=0.008)。结论:研究结果表明,CYP1B1 rs1056836多态性与乳腺癌发生风险之间可能存在明显的相关性,因此多态性可能参与这种情况的发展。
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引用次数: 4
Production of Specific Anti-EGFR Single Chain Antibodies: A Promising Strategy in the Immunotherapy of EGFR Expressing Tumor Tissues 生产特异性抗EGFR单链抗体:表达EGFR的肿瘤组织免疫治疗的一个有前途的策略
Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-6666
S. Mohammadi, F. Hosseinzadeh, Foroogh Nejatollahi
Background: EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) is overexpressed in a number of cancers and plays an important role in several phenomena such as aggressiveness of tumor, decreased survival of the patient, and resistance to treatments such as hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and also radiation. Objectives: The aim of this study is to produce specific human single-chain antibodies against EGFR and evaluate its specificity against the immunodominant epitope in order to offer a new and efficient way in the treatment of EGFR-expressing tumor tissues. Methods: A phage antibody display library of scFv (single chain fragment variable) was panned against an immunodominant epitope of EGFR. In order to select the specific clones, DNA fingerprinting was performed and the common patterns were differentiated. ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) was done to confirm the panning results and show the specificity of the selected clones. Results: Two specific clones with the frequencies of 55% and 30% were differentiated. The clones showed positive ELISA with the corresponding epitope while no positive reaction was observed for negative controls: unrelated peptide, M13KO7 (helper phage), unrelated scFv and no peptide. Conclusions: Immunotherapy against cancer has been a new treatment strategy in the recent years. Small and high affinity scFvs have had a crucial role in this regard. The specific human anti-EGFR scFvs that were selected in this study and reacted with the corresponding epitopehave the potential to be applied as a blocking antibody for interfering with tumor growth in EGFR-expressing tumors. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of these antibodies in vitro and in vivo.
背景:EGFR(表皮生长因子受体)在许多癌症中过表达,并在一些现象中发挥重要作用,如肿瘤的侵袭性、患者生存率下降以及对激素治疗、化疗和放疗等治疗的耐药性。目的:本研究的目的是产生针对EGFR的特异性人单链抗体,并评估其对免疫显性表位的特异性,为治疗表达EGFR的肿瘤组织提供一种新的有效方法。方法:构建单链抗体(scFv)噬菌体抗体展示库,筛选EGFR免疫显性表位。为了选择特定的克隆,进行DNA指纹分析并区分常见的模式。进行ELISA(酶联免疫吸附测定)以确认筛选结果并显示所选克隆的特异性。结果:分化出两个频率分别为55%和30%的特异性克隆。克隆显示出具有相应表位的阳性ELISA,而阴性对照(不相关肽、M13KO7(辅助噬菌体)、不相关scFv和无肽)未观察到阳性反应。结论:癌症免疫治疗是近年来新的治疗策略。小而高亲和力的单链抗体在这方面发挥了至关重要的作用。在本研究中选择并与相应表位反应的特异性人抗EGFR单链抗体具有作为阻断抗体应用于干扰表达EGFR的肿瘤中的肿瘤生长的潜力。需要进一步的研究来评估这些抗体在体外和体内的作用。
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引用次数: 6
Spatial Clustering of Breast Cancer: An Epidemiological Analysis of Iranian Women 癌症的空间聚类:伊朗妇女的流行病学分析
Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-5402
Meysam Olfatifar, M. Karami, A. Moghimbeigi, A. Motlagh, Ghodrat Rooshanaee, Elham Partovipour, Mansoureh Abdolahi
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Iran. The aim of this study was to explore the spatial autocorrelation and the estimation incidence rates variance among Iranian provinces. Methods: In this cross-sectional exploratory study, age-standardized incidence rates from 2004 to 2010 were analyzed in order to detect hot and cold spots map and estimate the rates using ordinary kriging Results: Mapping of clusters showed that hot and cold spots located in the East and North East regions of Iran. Maps of estimated valuesfor2004werebetween0.06-101.15andfor2010between20.85-329.68, whichindicateincreaseinincidencerates, especially in some areas. Conclusions: Therearerelativelylargedifferencesbetweenthegeographicdistributionof thebreastcancerclustersintheEastand North East regions of the country in comparison to other areas. Policy makers are advised to consider such provincial diversity for better understanding of factors affecting the incidence of breast cancer.
背景:乳腺癌是伊朗女性中最常见的癌症。本研究的目的是探讨伊朗各省之间的空间自相关和估计发病率的差异。方法:采用横断面探索性研究方法,对2004 - 2010年年龄标准化发病率进行分析,以检测热点和冷点图,并用普通克里格法估算发病率。结果:聚类图显示,热点和冷点位于伊朗东部和东北部地区。2004年的估计值在0.06-101.15之间,2010年的估计值在20.85-329.68之间,这表明发病率在增加,特别是在一些地区。结论:与其他地区相比,我国东部和东北部地区乳腺癌集群的地理分布存在较大差异。为了更好地了解影响乳腺癌发病率的因素,建议政策制定者考虑这种省级差异。
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引用次数: 8
Investigation of Stigma Phenomenon in Cancer: A Grounded Theory Study 癌症病耻感现象的研究:基于理论的研究
Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-6596
Sahar Mohabbat-Bahar, I. Bigdeli, A. Mashhadi, M. Moradi-Joo
Background: Adjustment to cancer as a stressful event is affected by bio-psycho-social factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate stigma phenomenon, the process of formation, and its impact on cancer patients and their families. Methods: This research was conducted based on the grounded theory study. Semi-structured interview was used with 12 cancer patients (7 women and 5 men), one of the immediate family members (spouse, parent or sibling) and 8 oncology staff members. Participants were selected in a purposeful non-probability sampling method and data analysis was performed in three steps: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Results: Four conceptual categories with sub-categories were emerged through three-step analysis of the grounded theory study: social stigma, self-stigma, coping strategies and acceptance as a main concept. Results showed gradual process of stigma formation to cancer and its different dimensions. Conclusions: Comprehensive assessment of stigma through various information sources may provide a deep understanding of this phenomenon in social context. The results of this study may lead to development of effective therapeutic protocols for promotion of community awareness, and improvement of mental health levels in patients and their families by eliminating all dimensions of this phenomenon in the context of society.
背景:对癌症作为应激事件的适应受到生物、心理和社会因素的影响。目的:本研究旨在探讨耻辱感现象、形成过程及其对癌症患者及其家庭的影响。方法:本研究在扎根理论研究的基础上进行。采用半结构化访谈法对12名癌症患者(7女5男)、1名直系亲属(配偶、父母或兄弟姐妹)和8名肿瘤科工作人员进行访谈。采用有目的的非概率抽样方法选取受试者,分开放编码、轴向编码和选择性编码三步进行数据分析。结果:通过对扎根理论研究的三步分析,得出社会耻感、自我耻感、应对策略和以接受为主要概念的四个概念类别及其子类别。结果表明,柱头形成癌的过程是渐进的,柱头形成癌的尺度不同。结论:通过各种信息来源对病耻感进行综合评估,可以在社会背景下对这一现象有更深刻的理解。这项研究的结果可能会导致有效的治疗方案的发展,以促进社区意识,并通过消除社会背景下这一现象的所有方面来改善患者及其家属的心理健康水平。
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引用次数: 8
No Detection of Streptococcus gallolyticus and Helicobacter pylori in Colorectal Cancer Tissue Samples in Shiraz, Iran 伊朗设拉子大肠癌癌症组织标本中溶没食子链球菌和幽门螺杆菌检测不到
Pub Date : 2017-01-23 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-6337
Shahab Mahmoudvand, K. Zamani, A. Safaei, R. Khashei, M. Motamedifar, Zohreh Azizi, J. Sarvari
Background: Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Infectious agents have long been associated with development of gastrointestinal malignancies including colorectal cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus and Helicobacter pylori in colorectal cancer tissue specimens in comparison with healthy tissue specimens. Methods: A total of 210 tissue samples including 70 adenocarcinoma colorectal tissue, 70 adenomatous polyposis colorectal tissues, and 70 normal colorectal tissues were subjected to DNA extraction. The quality of the extracted DNA was confirmed by the amplification of a β-globin fragment using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of sod and glm genes were evaluated as Streptococcus gallolyticus and H. pylori presence markers by PCR method, respectively. Results: Out of 210 subjects, 112 were male and the rest were female. The age of our patients ranged from 22 to 87 with an average of 54 years. None of the samples in two studied groups were positive for the sod and glm genes. Conclusions: According to our results, S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus and H. pylori might not be involved in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. More investigation on huge sample in different area might be clarified this results.
背景:在世界范围内,结直肠癌是癌症相关死亡的第四大常见原因。感染因子长期以来一直与胃肠道恶性肿瘤的发展有关,包括结肠直肠癌。因此,本研究的目的是检测溶胆链球菌亚种。结直肠癌组织标本与健康组织标本中溶血性大肠杆菌和幽门螺杆菌的比较方法:210份组织样本,包括70份腺癌结直肠组织、70份腺瘤性息肉病结直肠组织和70份正常结直肠组织,进行DNA提取。用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增β-珠蛋白片段,证实了提取DNA的质量。采用PCR法分别检测sod和glm基因作为溶食链球菌和幽门螺杆菌存在标记。结果:210名受试者中,男性112名,女性其余。患者年龄22 ~ 87岁,平均54岁。两个研究组的样品均未检测出sod和glm基因阳性。结论:根据我们的研究结果,大肠杆菌亚sp。大肠杆菌和幽门螺杆菌可能与结直肠癌的发病机制无关。对不同地区的大样本进行更多的调查可能会澄清这一结果。
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引用次数: 15
Cancer Stem Cell’s Potential Clinical Implications 癌症干细胞的潜在临床意义
Pub Date : 2017-01-23 DOI: 10.17795/IJCP-5897
A. Mirzaei, Z. Madjd, Azade Amini Kadijani, S. Alinaghi, A. Akbari, Gholamreza Tavoosidana
Context: To date, CSCs have been identified in a variety of hematopoietic and solid tumors. Applying CSC in clinical implication still depends on future studies to remove complexities including CSC heterogeneity and CSC similarity to normal stem cells. However, several potential clinical applications including therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic implications have been introduced for cancer stem cells (CSC). In this review, we discuss previously considered and unconsidered potential clinical application of CSCs including how CSCs could be applied for pan-specific cancer screening and therapy. Evidence Acquisition: We will first discuss the previously proposed CSC clinical implications using a brief review of the literature. Subsequently, we will discuss some theoretical potential CSC implications which have not been discussed before including pan-specific cancer screening and therapy, and present confirmatory references for each part of our hypothesis. Results: We hypothetically demonstrated the presence of similar markers in the CSC subset of different tumors and introduced it as a way to simultaneously screen several cancers using one CSC marker. Conclusions: Simultaneous screening of several cancers applying one CSC marker could be regarded as a novel high-value cost-conscious cancer screening approach which might evolve cancer screening concept. However, this application remains to be explored in the future instigations.
背景:迄今为止,CSCs已在多种造血和实体肿瘤中被发现。在临床应用CSC仍取决于未来的研究,以消除复杂性,包括CSC异质性和CSC与正常干细胞的相似性。然而,一些潜在的临床应用包括癌症干细胞(CSC)的治疗、诊断和预后意义已经被介绍。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了之前被认为和未被认为的CSCs的潜在临床应用,包括CSCs如何应用于泛特异性癌症筛查和治疗。证据获取:我们将首先通过对文献的简要回顾来讨论先前提出的CSC临床意义。随后,我们将讨论一些理论上潜在的CSC影响,包括泛特异性癌症筛查和治疗,并为我们假设的每个部分提供验证性参考。结果:我们假设在不同肿瘤的CSC亚群中存在类似的标记物,并将其作为使用一个CSC标记物同时筛选几种癌症的方法。结论:应用一种CSC标记物同时筛查多种癌症可被视为一种新的高价值的具有成本意识的癌症筛查方法,可能会推动癌症筛查概念的发展。然而,在未来的研究中,这一应用仍有待探索。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Iranian journal of cancer prevention
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