Raheleh Moradpoor, Raheleh Moradpoor, Raheleh Moradpoor, S. Aledavood, O. Rajabi, J. Chamani, A. Sazgarnia
Purpose: Chemotherapy-resistance of melanoma has led to poor prognosis and decreased survival in the patients. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant therapies to the conventional chemotherapy regimens has been taken into consideration to improve the clinical treatments efficiency. In this study, the effect of microwave (MW) Hyperthermia has been evaluated on the toxicity of cisplatin on the MM200 cell line in the presence and without gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Methods: Cells incubation was performed with and without cisplatin in the presence and absence of GNPs. To induce hyperthermia, the cells were immediately placed under MW irradiation for 25 and 30 minutes (4143°C) following the addition of the drug and GNPs, then they were incubated for 24 hours. Finally, cell survival was determined by MTT assay. Results: GNPs (up to 6.6 μg/mL) showed no toxicity. GNPs at the concentration of 13.2 and 26.4 μg/mL caused 13% and 20.7% drop in cell survival rate, respectively. IC50 of cisplatin decreased from 4 to 2 μg/mL in the presence of GNPs. Hyperthermia (43°C) plus chemotherapy (2 μg/mL) resulted in no significant enhancement in cisplatin cytotoxicity relative to chemotherapy alone whereas by adding GNPs, an increase in cell mortality up to 15-fold in comparison to cisplatin alone was observed. Conclusions: There is a synergistic effect between cisplatin and GNPs, this could be due to the facilitated entrance of cisplatin in the presence of GNPs. MW exposure improves the efficacy of cisplatin therapy in the presence of GNPs on MM200 cells.
{"title":"Enhancement of Cisplatin Efficacy by Gold Nanoparticles or Microwave Hyperthermia? An In Vitro Study on a Melanoma Cell Line","authors":"Raheleh Moradpoor, Raheleh Moradpoor, Raheleh Moradpoor, S. Aledavood, O. Rajabi, J. Chamani, A. Sazgarnia","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5925","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Chemotherapy-resistance of melanoma has led to poor prognosis and decreased survival in the patients. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant therapies to the conventional chemotherapy regimens has been taken into consideration to improve the clinical treatments efficiency. In this study, the effect of microwave (MW) Hyperthermia has been evaluated on the toxicity of cisplatin on the MM200 cell line in the presence and without gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Methods: Cells incubation was performed with and without cisplatin in the presence and absence of GNPs. To induce hyperthermia, the cells were immediately placed under MW irradiation for 25 and 30 minutes (4143°C) following the addition of the drug and GNPs, then they were incubated for 24 hours. Finally, cell survival was determined by MTT assay. Results: GNPs (up to 6.6 μg/mL) showed no toxicity. GNPs at the concentration of 13.2 and 26.4 μg/mL caused 13% and 20.7% drop in cell survival rate, respectively. IC50 of cisplatin decreased from 4 to 2 μg/mL in the presence of GNPs. Hyperthermia (43°C) plus chemotherapy (2 μg/mL) resulted in no significant enhancement in cisplatin cytotoxicity relative to chemotherapy alone whereas by adding GNPs, an increase in cell mortality up to 15-fold in comparison to cisplatin alone was observed. Conclusions: There is a synergistic effect between cisplatin and GNPs, this could be due to the facilitated entrance of cisplatin in the presence of GNPs. MW exposure improves the efficacy of cisplatin therapy in the presence of GNPs on MM200 cells.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41410120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Shahram Yousefi Kashi, A. Razzaghdoust, A. Rakhsha
Background: Colorectal cancer is one major health problem and cancer-related cause of death in cancer patients in countries such as Iran where the most cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and severity of toxic effects in colorectal cancer patients who have been treated with two different schedules of combination of oxaliplatin and bolus/infusional 5-fluorouracil with leucovorin (FOLFOX) and to compare them. Methods: Medical records of 458 patients with colorectal cancer treated with FOLFOX 4 and modified FOLFOX 6 regimen between 2005 and 2014 were reviewed. Data from 96 eligible patients were analyzed. Fifty-six patients (58.3%) received FOLFOX 4 and 40 patients (41.7%) received modified FOLFOX 6. Results: The study included 96 patients, 39 of whom were males (40.6%) and 57 of whom were females (59.4%). The median age was 62 years (range: 38 - 87 years). The follow up duration was between 16 - 109 months with a median of 62 months. There was a statistically significant incidence rate of grade ≥ 1 toxicity of diarrhea as gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity between FOLFOX 4 and modified FOLFOX 6 as the two regimens (P = 0.034), but there was not a statistically significant incidence rate of grade ≥ 1 toxicity of stomatitis as GI toxicity between the two regimens (P = 0.27). We observed a highly statistically significant incidence rate of grade ≥ 1 toxicity of neutropenia as hematologic toxicity between FOLFOX 4 and modified FOLFOX 6 as the two regimens (P < 0.001), but we did not observe any statistically significant differences of grade ≥ 1 of thrombocytopenia as hematologic toxicity between the two regimens (P = 0.063). There was a statistically significant incidence rate of grade ≥ 1 neurotoxicity between FOLFOX 4 and modified FOLFOX 6 as the two regimens (P = 0.017). Conclusions: We showed that in colorectal cancer patients treated with modified FOLFOX6. Some of hematological and non-hematological complications were more than FOLFOX4 and they can be concerned.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Treatment Toxicities Between FOLFOX 4 and Modified FOLFOX 6 in Iranian Colorectal Cancer Patients","authors":"Amir Shahram Yousefi Kashi, A. Razzaghdoust, A. Rakhsha","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-9429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-9429","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal cancer is one major health problem and cancer-related cause of death in cancer patients in countries such as Iran where the most cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and severity of toxic effects in colorectal cancer patients who have been treated with two different schedules of combination of oxaliplatin and bolus/infusional 5-fluorouracil with leucovorin (FOLFOX) and to compare them. Methods: Medical records of 458 patients with colorectal cancer treated with FOLFOX 4 and modified FOLFOX 6 regimen between 2005 and 2014 were reviewed. Data from 96 eligible patients were analyzed. Fifty-six patients (58.3%) received FOLFOX 4 and 40 patients (41.7%) received modified FOLFOX 6. Results: The study included 96 patients, 39 of whom were males (40.6%) and 57 of whom were females (59.4%). The median age was 62 years (range: 38 - 87 years). The follow up duration was between 16 - 109 months with a median of 62 months. There was a statistically significant incidence rate of grade ≥ 1 toxicity of diarrhea as gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity between FOLFOX 4 and modified FOLFOX 6 as the two regimens (P = 0.034), but there was not a statistically significant incidence rate of grade ≥ 1 toxicity of stomatitis as GI toxicity between the two regimens (P = 0.27). We observed a highly statistically significant incidence rate of grade ≥ 1 toxicity of neutropenia as hematologic toxicity between FOLFOX 4 and modified FOLFOX 6 as the two regimens (P < 0.001), but we did not observe any statistically significant differences of grade ≥ 1 of thrombocytopenia as hematologic toxicity between the two regimens (P = 0.063). There was a statistically significant incidence rate of grade ≥ 1 neurotoxicity between FOLFOX 4 and modified FOLFOX 6 as the two regimens (P = 0.017). Conclusions: We showed that in colorectal cancer patients treated with modified FOLFOX6. Some of hematological and non-hematological complications were more than FOLFOX4 and they can be concerned.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. M. Meybodi, A. Mortazavian, A. Monfared, S. Sohrabvandi, F. Meybodi
Context: Cancer generally is considered as a neoplastic disease with particular causative and etiologic factors as well as protective elements. Although it has remained difficult to treat, it is preventable. Recently, the interest in dietary phytochemicals intake has considerably increased for potential cancer chemoprevention. Evidence Acquisition: This report reviews the role of phytochemical consumption in cancer prevention based on publications from PubMed, Science direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus from the year 1996 onward using cancer, chemoprevention, phytochemical keywords. Results: Regular intake of phytochemicals has been demonstrated to prevent cancer during its different stages including initiation, promotion and progression. Considering the animal models, the second step is the main stage for cancer chemoprevention. Conclusions: The phytochemicals involved in chemoprevention can be categorized in different groups naming phenolics, carotenoid, alkaloids, organosulfur compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds. They are able to stop, postpone and reverse carcinogenesis by different mechanisms.
{"title":"Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention: A Review of the Evidence","authors":"N. M. Meybodi, A. Mortazavian, A. Monfared, S. Sohrabvandi, F. Meybodi","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-7219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-7219","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Cancer generally is considered as a neoplastic disease with particular causative and etiologic factors as well as protective elements. Although it has remained difficult to treat, it is preventable. Recently, the interest in dietary phytochemicals intake has considerably increased for potential cancer chemoprevention. Evidence Acquisition: This report reviews the role of phytochemical consumption in cancer prevention based on publications from PubMed, Science direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus from the year 1996 onward using cancer, chemoprevention, phytochemical keywords. Results: Regular intake of phytochemicals has been demonstrated to prevent cancer during its different stages including initiation, promotion and progression. Considering the animal models, the second step is the main stage for cancer chemoprevention. Conclusions: The phytochemicals involved in chemoprevention can be categorized in different groups naming phenolics, carotenoid, alkaloids, organosulfur compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds. They are able to stop, postpone and reverse carcinogenesis by different mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47633238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits of the newly revised “The international federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO), 2009” sytem and whether there was a difference in new system comparison to 1988 F˙IGO staging sytem for endometrial carcinoma. Methods: A total of 132 patients who underwent complete surgical staging for endometrial cancer were enrolled retrospectively. Those patients’ overall survival and disease free survival were compared with 1988 and 2009 staging system. Results: The five year overall survival (OS) rates for patients with 1988 FIGO stage 1 and 2 were 97% and 100%, respectively. In 2009 system,theOSratesfor1and2were97% and100%,respectively. Therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenstage1and stage 2 for OS rates in 1988 and 2009 as well. Conclusions: Thenewly revisedsystem couldbe lesscomplex forunderstanding, but itdoes notdiscriminatesurvival ratesbetter, especially in earlier stages. A new staging system and uniform surgical staging could be discussed.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of FIGO 1988 Versus 2009 Staging for Endometrial Carcinoma","authors":"A. E. Tahaoglu, Sait Bakir, E. Erdogdu, C. Dane","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4986","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits of the newly revised “The international federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO), 2009” sytem and whether there was a difference in new system comparison to 1988 F˙IGO staging sytem for endometrial carcinoma. Methods: A total of 132 patients who underwent complete surgical staging for endometrial cancer were enrolled retrospectively. Those patients’ overall survival and disease free survival were compared with 1988 and 2009 staging system. Results: The five year overall survival (OS) rates for patients with 1988 FIGO stage 1 and 2 were 97% and 100%, respectively. In 2009 system,theOSratesfor1and2were97% and100%,respectively. Therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenstage1and stage 2 for OS rates in 1988 and 2009 as well. Conclusions: Thenewly revisedsystem couldbe lesscomplex forunderstanding, but itdoes notdiscriminatesurvival ratesbetter, especially in earlier stages. A new staging system and uniform surgical staging could be discussed.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44469045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer whose incidence has risen by at least 100 percent over the past five decades especially in the West. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate Clinicopathology figures, overall survival (OS) and Progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with NHL in Iran. Methods: In a descriptive study, 143 patients referred to Clinic of Hematology in two centers between 2005 and 2014. We checked age, sex, types and subtypes of NHL; recurrence, Ki-67, organomegaly, lymphadenopathy, radiotherapy, OS and PFS in the patients. The mean follow-up was 49 months. All patients received R-CHOP regimen for 6 to 8 cycles. Results: The mean age at diagnosis for the patients was 46 years (range, 16 82) and 76.9% had age < 60 years and 62.2% were male. 58% patients had primary nodal NHL and out of 139 patients, 88.5% were aggressive NHL. Organomegaly and lymphadenopathy were in 12 patients (8.4%) and 80 (55.9%), respectively. Of all patients, 106 patients (74.1%) were treated with radiotherapy. 2-year OS rate was 91.5% and 5-year OS rate was 85%.2-and 5-year PFS rates were 79.6% and 63.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Percentage of NHL in males is more than females and the median age is around 45 years. Also, the prevalence of nodal is more compared with extranodal in NHL patients.
{"title":"Clinicopathology Figures and Survival of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Iran","authors":"S. Najafi, M. Payandeh, M. Sadeghi","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer whose incidence has risen by at least 100 percent over the past five decades especially in the West. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate Clinicopathology figures, overall survival (OS) and Progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with NHL in Iran. Methods: In a descriptive study, 143 patients referred to Clinic of Hematology in two centers between 2005 and 2014. We checked age, sex, types and subtypes of NHL; recurrence, Ki-67, organomegaly, lymphadenopathy, radiotherapy, OS and PFS in the patients. The mean follow-up was 49 months. All patients received R-CHOP regimen for 6 to 8 cycles. Results: The mean age at diagnosis for the patients was 46 years (range, 16 82) and 76.9% had age < 60 years and 62.2% were male. 58% patients had primary nodal NHL and out of 139 patients, 88.5% were aggressive NHL. Organomegaly and lymphadenopathy were in 12 patients (8.4%) and 80 (55.9%), respectively. Of all patients, 106 patients (74.1%) were treated with radiotherapy. 2-year OS rate was 91.5% and 5-year OS rate was 85%.2-and 5-year PFS rates were 79.6% and 63.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Percentage of NHL in males is more than females and the median age is around 45 years. Also, the prevalence of nodal is more compared with extranodal in NHL patients.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Salek, F. Tabrizi, K. Ghaffarzadegan, G. Sabouri, A. Fanipakdel
{"title":"A Survey in the Basal Like Breast Carcinoma Phenotype in North East of Iran","authors":"R. Salek, F. Tabrizi, K. Ghaffarzadegan, G. Sabouri, A. Fanipakdel","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44955231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Shahraki, Mansooreh Jaberipoor, N. Zare, A. Hosseini
Background: Genetic expression has been frequently considered as an efficient method for early diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we examined the simultaneous effect of 22 genes on contribution to bladder cancer. Objectives: Since these 22 genes are known as the most important risk factors in many cancers, we aimed to investigate them as potential effective genes in bladder cancer. Methods: The data consist of 25 patients with bladder cancer (the case group) and 23 matched healthy individuals as a control group. Univariate analysis was performed and differences between two groups were analyzed through the independent T-test. A multivariate gene expression model was implemented using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Adaptive LASSO regression. Standard error of coefficients was obtained using the bootstrap method. We used two methods for classification and compared areas under the curve (AUC), using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Independent T-test showed that 11 genes had a significant difference between the two groups. Also multivariate analysis using the LASSO revealed that 12 genes have a significant effect on bladder cancer and adaptive lasso regression represented SDF1, CTLA-4, Her2 and IL-23 genes as the most effective genes. The AUC for LASSO and Adaptive LASSO were 0.71 and 0.89, respectively which was statistically significant (P = 0.009). Our multivariable results for SDF1, CTLA-4 and IL-23 confirm the findings of many studies in this field. Conclusions: Among all genes were examined, SDF1, CTLA-4, Her2 and IL-23 which were selected by the two methods has the greatest contribution to bladder cancer.
{"title":"The Role of 22 Genes Expression in Bladder Cancer by Adaptive LASSO","authors":"H. Shahraki, Mansooreh Jaberipoor, N. Zare, A. Hosseini","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5051","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Genetic expression has been frequently considered as an efficient method for early diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we examined the simultaneous effect of 22 genes on contribution to bladder cancer. Objectives: Since these 22 genes are known as the most important risk factors in many cancers, we aimed to investigate them as potential effective genes in bladder cancer. Methods: The data consist of 25 patients with bladder cancer (the case group) and 23 matched healthy individuals as a control group. Univariate analysis was performed and differences between two groups were analyzed through the independent T-test. A multivariate gene expression model was implemented using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Adaptive LASSO regression. Standard error of coefficients was obtained using the bootstrap method. We used two methods for classification and compared areas under the curve (AUC), using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Independent T-test showed that 11 genes had a significant difference between the two groups. Also multivariate analysis using the LASSO revealed that 12 genes have a significant effect on bladder cancer and adaptive lasso regression represented SDF1, CTLA-4, Her2 and IL-23 genes as the most effective genes. The AUC for LASSO and Adaptive LASSO were 0.71 and 0.89, respectively which was statistically significant (P = 0.009). Our multivariable results for SDF1, CTLA-4 and IL-23 confirm the findings of many studies in this field. Conclusions: Among all genes were examined, SDF1, CTLA-4, Her2 and IL-23 which were selected by the two methods has the greatest contribution to bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive Cancer Care (CCC)","authors":"M. Akbari","doi":"10.17795/ijcp-9967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/ijcp-9967","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayed Hossein Davoodi, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, S. Esmaeili, S. Sohrabvandi, A. Mortazavian
Background: Although iron is essential for all cells, it could be potentially hazardous. This is mostly due to iron participation in oxidation-reduction reactions. In terms of cancer risk, the role of both iron deficiency and overload can be studied in two directions, protective or therapeutic effects, and carcinogenic effects. Materials and Methods:: PubMed, Science direct, Ovid, Proquest, Medline, and Google scholar databases were used to obtain articles identified by using the key words “Iron”, “Iron deficiency”, “Iron overload”, “Cancer”, and “Neoplasm” without any time limit. The relevance of studies was identified by reviewing the titles and the abstracts. 185 articles published in English, including experimental, observational, molecular and cellular studies were reviewed. Results and Conclusion: Considering the dual nature of iron, maintaining an optimal iron level in the body is important. This can be achieved when regulatory mechanisms of body iron level work properly and the amount of iron input is within the physiological range. Current evidence generally supports this possibility that higher animal-derived (heme) iron may increase the risk of some cancers. The release of iron or nitrosyl heme from iron complexes during some processing of meat may increase production of cancer promoter lipoperoxides. On the other hand, use of iron chelation or iron mediated oxidative assault for the treatment or prevention of cancer appears to be promising; but further research is required. Considering this background, this article reviews the literature and evidence, focusing on the role of iron overload and deficiency in developing and treatment of various cancers.
{"title":"The Dual Nature of Iron in Relation to Cancer: A Review","authors":"Sayed Hossein Davoodi, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, S. Esmaeili, S. Sohrabvandi, A. Mortazavian","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5494","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although iron is essential for all cells, it could be potentially hazardous. This is mostly due to iron participation in oxidation-reduction reactions. In terms of cancer risk, the role of both iron deficiency and overload can be studied in two directions, protective or therapeutic effects, and carcinogenic effects. Materials and Methods:: PubMed, Science direct, Ovid, Proquest, Medline, and Google scholar databases were used to obtain articles identified by using the key words “Iron”, “Iron deficiency”, “Iron overload”, “Cancer”, and “Neoplasm” without any time limit. The relevance of studies was identified by reviewing the titles and the abstracts. 185 articles published in English, including experimental, observational, molecular and cellular studies were reviewed. Results and Conclusion: Considering the dual nature of iron, maintaining an optimal iron level in the body is important. This can be achieved when regulatory mechanisms of body iron level work properly and the amount of iron input is within the physiological range. Current evidence generally supports this possibility that higher animal-derived (heme) iron may increase the risk of some cancers. The release of iron or nitrosyl heme from iron complexes during some processing of meat may increase production of cancer promoter lipoperoxides. On the other hand, use of iron chelation or iron mediated oxidative assault for the treatment or prevention of cancer appears to be promising; but further research is required. Considering this background, this article reviews the literature and evidence, focusing on the role of iron overload and deficiency in developing and treatment of various cancers.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Akbari, A. Akbari, N. Nafissi, Zeinab Shormeij, S. Sayad, M. R. Rasaf, Leyla Shojaee
Background: Breast cancer treatment success depends upon prolonging survival with effective treatment, and constant monitoring of recurrence. Survival rate can well be improved by better understanding of prognostic factors, preventive measures, and effective treatments together with follow-up and post-treatment care. Objectives: This study is aimed to know prognostic factors effective in recurrence and death in Iranian breast cancer patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted by reviewing data acquired from 1604 female breast cancer patients who were admitted to Cancer Research Center at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences between October, 1982 and March, 2014. During the follow-up, after diagnosis, 313 patients experienced recurrence then were classified into two groups: early recurrence, less than 1 year and late recurrence after 5 years. We analyzed prognostic factors of recurrence in each groups and evaluated effective factors of death in this patients. Results: Median age of patients at diagnosis was 50 years. Median follow up time was 4.33 years (range: 0.005-24.9 years). Of these patients, 210 (67.09 %) and 76 (24.28%), developed distant and loco -regional recurrence. Among 313 patients, 62 (21/60%) and 69 (24/04%) had early and late recurrence. In the univariate analysis, tumor grade, stage of disease, ER and PR status, axillary lymph node involvement and lymph vascular invasion were the prognostic factors affecting recurrence in patients, but in the multivariate analysis, ER/PR status was the most important independent prognostic factor affecting the early recurrence and stage of disease were prognostic factors in late recurrence. In all of the recurrent patients, 56.86% (178 individuals) survived and 43.13% (135 individuals) died at the end of follow-up period. The most important factors of death were histologic grade, disease free survival time, site of recurrence and age of disease. Conclusions: Biologic marker, estrogen and progesterone receptors status, had most influence in early recurrence, unlike late recurrence, stage of disease had a more important role. However, lymph vascular invasion has been an effective factor either in early or late recurrence. As a result of studying effective factors in death of these patients, recurrence site, DFS, pathologic grade and patients’ age at the time of recurrence came to be effective. Knowing more about affecting factors on recurrence and the death of patients with recurrence, one can try to enhance survival and quality of life in patients by adopting more effective treatments.
{"title":"Prognostic Factors of Recurrence (Early and Late) and Death in Breast Cancer Patients in Iranian Women","authors":"M. Akbari, A. Akbari, N. Nafissi, Zeinab Shormeij, S. Sayad, M. R. Rasaf, Leyla Shojaee","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5747","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer treatment success depends upon prolonging survival with effective treatment, and constant monitoring of recurrence. Survival rate can well be improved by better understanding of prognostic factors, preventive measures, and effective treatments together with follow-up and post-treatment care. Objectives: This study is aimed to know prognostic factors effective in recurrence and death in Iranian breast cancer patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted by reviewing data acquired from 1604 female breast cancer patients who were admitted to Cancer Research Center at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences between October, 1982 and March, 2014. During the follow-up, after diagnosis, 313 patients experienced recurrence then were classified into two groups: early recurrence, less than 1 year and late recurrence after 5 years. We analyzed prognostic factors of recurrence in each groups and evaluated effective factors of death in this patients. Results: Median age of patients at diagnosis was 50 years. Median follow up time was 4.33 years (range: 0.005-24.9 years). Of these patients, 210 (67.09 %) and 76 (24.28%), developed distant and loco -regional recurrence. Among 313 patients, 62 (21/60%) and 69 (24/04%) had early and late recurrence. In the univariate analysis, tumor grade, stage of disease, ER and PR status, axillary lymph node involvement and lymph vascular invasion were the prognostic factors affecting recurrence in patients, but in the multivariate analysis, ER/PR status was the most important independent prognostic factor affecting the early recurrence and stage of disease were prognostic factors in late recurrence. In all of the recurrent patients, 56.86% (178 individuals) survived and 43.13% (135 individuals) died at the end of follow-up period. The most important factors of death were histologic grade, disease free survival time, site of recurrence and age of disease. Conclusions: Biologic marker, estrogen and progesterone receptors status, had most influence in early recurrence, unlike late recurrence, stage of disease had a more important role. However, lymph vascular invasion has been an effective factor either in early or late recurrence. As a result of studying effective factors in death of these patients, recurrence site, DFS, pathologic grade and patients’ age at the time of recurrence came to be effective. Knowing more about affecting factors on recurrence and the death of patients with recurrence, one can try to enhance survival and quality of life in patients by adopting more effective treatments.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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