M. Moradi-Joo, Sahar Mohabbat-Bahar, Saeed Heidari, S. Davoodi, S. Sheyklo, M. Akbari
Context: Metformin has been used for diabetic patients. This medicine might decrease the risk of breast cancer. The main objective of this article was to determine the breast cancer risk in diabetic patients and its association with metformin and sulfonylurea. Evidence Acquisition: In order to gather evidences, main databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane library, Science Direct, Trip, Google Scholar, Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), SCOPUS and EMBASE) as well as relevant websites have searched without time limitation up to June 2015. We have searched with appropriate keywords and strategies. After quality assessment of studies, consequences of risk and mortality for breast cancer have extracted. RevMan and comprehensive meta-analysis software has used, if needed, for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 423 studies, 352 studies have entered firstly and 11 studies have selected after final review. According to the signifi- cance of heterogeneity (I 2 = 94%) in these studies, meta-analysis have scrutinized by step by step removing the studies to investigate the reason of heterogeneity. So the relative risk of breast cancer was significant in favor of metformin (RR: 0.63, 95% CI (0.56 - 0.70), Pv < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, we have concluded that the incidence of breast cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes who have used metformin might be less than who have used sulfonylurea. However, this finding should consider carefully and needed to be con- firmed with further studies.
背景:二甲双胍已被用于糖尿病患者。这种药可能会降低患乳腺癌的风险。本文的主要目的是确定糖尿病患者的乳腺癌风险及其与二甲双胍和磺脲的关系。证据获取:为收集证据，截至2015年6月，检索了主要数据库(MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane library, Science Direct, Trip，谷歌Scholar, Institute of Scientific Information (ISI)， SCOPUS和EMBASE)以及相关网站，没有时间限制。我们用合适的关键词和策略进行了搜索。经过对研究的质量评估，得出了乳腺癌风险和死亡率的后果。如果需要，使用RevMan和综合元分析软件进行元分析。结果:共纳入423项研究，其中首次入组研究352项，终审筛选研究11项。根据这些研究异质性的显著性(i2 = 94%)， meta分析对这些研究进行了逐级剔除，以探究异质性的原因。因此，二甲双胍的乳腺癌相对风险显著高于二甲双胍(RR: 0.63, 95% CI (0.56 - 0.70)， Pv < 0.001)。结论:在这项研究中，我们得出结论，2型糖尿病患者中使用二甲双胍的乳腺癌发病率可能低于使用磺脲类药物的患者。然而，这一发现需要仔细考虑，并需要进一步的研究来证实。
{"title":"Metformin Versus Sulfonylurea in Breast Cancer Risk of Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"M. Moradi-Joo, Sahar Mohabbat-Bahar, Saeed Heidari, S. Davoodi, S. Sheyklo, M. Akbari","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5971","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Metformin has been used for diabetic patients. This medicine might decrease the risk of breast cancer. The main objective of this article was to determine the breast cancer risk in diabetic patients and its association with metformin and sulfonylurea. Evidence Acquisition: In order to gather evidences, main databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane library, Science Direct, Trip, Google Scholar, Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), SCOPUS and EMBASE) as well as relevant websites have searched without time limitation up to June 2015. We have searched with appropriate keywords and strategies. After quality assessment of studies, consequences of risk and mortality for breast cancer have extracted. RevMan and comprehensive meta-analysis software has used, if needed, for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 423 studies, 352 studies have entered firstly and 11 studies have selected after final review. According to the signifi- cance of heterogeneity (I 2 = 94%) in these studies, meta-analysis have scrutinized by step by step removing the studies to investigate the reason of heterogeneity. So the relative risk of breast cancer was significant in favor of metformin (RR: 0.63, 95% CI (0.56 - 0.70), Pv < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, we have concluded that the incidence of breast cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes who have used metformin might be less than who have used sulfonylurea. However, this finding should consider carefully and needed to be con- firmed with further studies.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omidvar Rezaei, G. Sharifi, K. Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Hallajnejad
Introduction: Pituitary adenoma producing symptomatic carotid compression of the internal carotid artery without any apoplexy sign would be extremely rare and there was only one report regarding to this condition. Case Presentation: In this case report we have described a 57-year-old woman with a nonfunctional pituitary macro adenoma which has resulted to symptomatic internal carotid occlusion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large pituitary adenoma caused tight stenosis of right internal carotid. The patient has also experienced the transient ischemic attack which has confirmed to be the cause of internal carotid artery occlusion by this macro adenoma tumor. There was not any sign of apoplexy at the time of admission and the patient has not shown a history of pituitary adenoma. The patient then has undergone an endonasal transsphenoidal resection because of this nonfunctional pituitary adenoma. Conclusions: Pituitary macro adenoma producing symptomatic internal carotid occlusion might develop to several serious conditions including transient ischemic attack. Urgent surgical procedure might be the best approach to prevent further severe complications in such patients.
{"title":"Symptomatic Occlusion of Internal Carotid Artery Caused by Pituitary Macro Adenoma Among the Patients Without Apoplectic Signs; Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Omidvar Rezaei, G. Sharifi, K. Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Hallajnejad","doi":"10.5812/IJCP.5301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJCP.5301","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pituitary adenoma producing symptomatic carotid compression of the internal carotid artery without any apoplexy sign would be extremely rare and there was only one report regarding to this condition. Case Presentation: In this case report we have described a 57-year-old woman with a nonfunctional pituitary macro adenoma which has resulted to symptomatic internal carotid occlusion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large pituitary adenoma caused tight stenosis of right internal carotid. The patient has also experienced the transient ischemic attack which has confirmed to be the cause of internal carotid artery occlusion by this macro adenoma tumor. There was not any sign of apoplexy at the time of admission and the patient has not shown a history of pituitary adenoma. The patient then has undergone an endonasal transsphenoidal resection because of this nonfunctional pituitary adenoma. Conclusions: Pituitary macro adenoma producing symptomatic internal carotid occlusion might develop to several serious conditions including transient ischemic attack. Urgent surgical procedure might be the best approach to prevent further severe complications in such patients.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Eosinophilic Granuloma (EG) is one of the subsets of langerhans cell histiocytosis Oral presentation may comprise multiple alveolar lesions accompanied by bleeding, gingival inflammation and teeth mobility ,which may encourage patients to seek a dentist. Case Presentation: In this report, a case of an 18 year old male patient with multifocal lesions of EG in both jaws is presented. Conclusions: Although LCH remains an enigma for clinicians to date because of its ambiguous presentations, but timelydiagnosis could be critical for prognosis. And dentists could have an important role in diagnosis of rare disorders like EG.
{"title":"Importance of Considering Rare Disorder as Eosinophilic Granuloma in Differential Diagnosis of the Common Oral Disease","authors":"F. Maybodi, F. Owlia, M. Karbassi, A. Azam","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5684","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Eosinophilic Granuloma (EG) is one of the subsets of langerhans cell histiocytosis Oral presentation may comprise multiple alveolar lesions accompanied by bleeding, gingival inflammation and teeth mobility ,which may encourage patients to seek a dentist. Case Presentation: In this report, a case of an 18 year old male patient with multifocal lesions of EG in both jaws is presented. Conclusions: Although LCH remains an enigma for clinicians to date because of its ambiguous presentations, but timelydiagnosis could be critical for prognosis. And dentists could have an important role in diagnosis of rare disorders like EG.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hashemian, Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian, Behnaz Aflatoonian, M. Akbari, A. Akbari
Background: Normally, surgery is the first choice of treatment for breast cancer which brings about side eects as chronic pain. Post mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is one of the most prevalent side eects in breast cancer survivors as a chronic neuropathic pain lasting more than three months. The precise mechanisms and risk factors connected to chronic pain after breast surgery are not identified. Objectives: This study is aimed at identifying the eects of fertility on PMPS after breast surgery in breast cancer patients. Methods: In this case-control study, a total number of 111 women were studied. Of these, 56 women were diagnosed with positive PMPS and place in the case group, and 55 patients without pain were selected as the control group. The patients' demographic and clinical information were collected by means of a questionaire and their medical files. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, chi-square, Mann-whitney U, Regression Logisitic (Backward), were used to analyze the data in SPSS 22 software. Results: According to the acquired results, the mean age of the study population was 49.77 10.94, the mean weight was 69.5 11.45 kg, the mean height was 160 8.14 centimeter and mean BMI was 27.4 5.4. All in all, the results showed that fertile women were more likely not to suer from PMPS compared to nulipar women, and there was not a correlation between psychological disorders
{"title":"Fertility: A Control Factor for Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"M. Hashemian, Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian, Behnaz Aflatoonian, M. Akbari, A. Akbari","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Normally, surgery is the first choice of treatment for breast cancer which brings about side eects as chronic pain. Post mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is one of the most prevalent side eects in breast cancer survivors as a chronic neuropathic pain lasting more than three months. The precise mechanisms and risk factors connected to chronic pain after breast surgery are not identified. Objectives: This study is aimed at identifying the eects of fertility on PMPS after breast surgery in breast cancer patients. Methods: In this case-control study, a total number of 111 women were studied. Of these, 56 women were diagnosed with positive PMPS and place in the case group, and 55 patients without pain were selected as the control group. The patients' demographic and clinical information were collected by means of a questionaire and their medical files. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, chi-square, Mann-whitney U, Regression Logisitic (Backward), were used to analyze the data in SPSS 22 software. Results: According to the acquired results, the mean age of the study population was 49.77 10.94, the mean weight was 69.5 11.45 kg, the mean height was 160 8.14 centimeter and mean BMI was 27.4 5.4. All in all, the results showed that fertile women were more likely not to suer from PMPS compared to nulipar women, and there was not a correlation between psychological disorders","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PI3K/Akt/mTOR would be an important intracellular signal pathway which has found to be over-activated in neoplasia. Here, the combination eect of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and rapamycine (mTOR inhibitor) has evaluated in dierent human lung cancer cell lines. MTT assay has used to assess the viability of Calu-6, SK-MES-1 and A549 cancer cells. The levels of biochemical markers of apoptosis (activated caspase-3) and cell proliferation (c-Myc and cyclin D1) have evaluated by immunoblotting. The data has shown that blockade of PI3K/Akt cascade with LY294002 (0.1-100 M) resulted in growth inhibition with IC50 ranging from 7 to 35 M. LY294002 plus rapamycin (10 nM) significantly enhanced the growth inhibition rate and elevated cleaved caspase-3 in A549 and SK-MES-1 cells. Moreover, such combination therapy had a potent decreasing eect on c-Myc and cyclin D1 protein levels. Taken together, combined inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling has represented a promising treatment strategy for lung cancer but the eectiveness of such combination therapy has been depending on the cancer cell types.
{"title":"Combined Application of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors Suppresses Cell Growth and Promotes Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"M. Badinloo, S. E. Mahani","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-3433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-3433","url":null,"abstract":"PI3K/Akt/mTOR would be an important intracellular signal pathway which has found to be over-activated in neoplasia. Here, the combination eect of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and rapamycine (mTOR inhibitor) has evaluated in dierent human lung cancer cell lines. MTT assay has used to assess the viability of Calu-6, SK-MES-1 and A549 cancer cells. The levels of biochemical markers of apoptosis (activated caspase-3) and cell proliferation (c-Myc and cyclin D1) have evaluated by immunoblotting. The data has shown that blockade of PI3K/Akt cascade with LY294002 (0.1-100 M) resulted in growth inhibition with IC50 ranging from 7 to 35 M. LY294002 plus rapamycin (10 nM) significantly enhanced the growth inhibition rate and elevated cleaved caspase-3 in A549 and SK-MES-1 cells. Moreover, such combination therapy had a potent decreasing eect on c-Myc and cyclin D1 protein levels. Taken together, combined inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling has represented a promising treatment strategy for lung cancer but the eectiveness of such combination therapy has been depending on the cancer cell types.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68176950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breast cancer screening in the 3rd world, Iran as an example","authors":"M. Akbari","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-8373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-8373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Spartacus, R. Paliwal, R. Dana, Shwetha Mutha, P. Bhatt, Anees Malavat
Introduction: Anorectal melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Patients commonly present with advanced or metastatic disease. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with constipation and per rectal bleeding. Abdominal CT scan showed metastasis in liver and spleen along with disease spread in inguinal, iliac and abdominal lymph nodes. He was treated with single agent Dacarbazine and ultimately succumbed to the disease. Conclusions: Anorectal melanoma remains a disease with dismal prognosis especially when the patient presents with distant metastasis.
{"title":"Metastatic Anorectal Melanoma: A Case Report","authors":"R. Spartacus, R. Paliwal, R. Dana, Shwetha Mutha, P. Bhatt, Anees Malavat","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4756","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anorectal melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Patients commonly present with advanced or metastatic disease. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with constipation and per rectal bleeding. Abdominal CT scan showed metastasis in liver and spleen along with disease spread in inguinal, iliac and abdominal lymph nodes. He was treated with single agent Dacarbazine and ultimately succumbed to the disease. Conclusions: Anorectal melanoma remains a disease with dismal prognosis especially when the patient presents with distant metastasis.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68180839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Akbari, S. Atarbashi Moghadam, F. Atarbashi Moghadam, Zahra Bastani
Background The incidence of oral cancers varies from one country to another, which can be clarified by the difference in the distribution of the risk factors and the possible etiologies. Tongue is a main segment of oral cavity and malignant lesions of this region accounts for nearly 30% of all oral cancers. Objectives In the present study, we evaluated the pattern of tongue cancer in Iranian population and compared these findings with those previously reported in the other countries. Methods In this multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study recorded cases of the malignant tongue tumors in the cancer research center (CRC) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were extracted. The patient records and their microscopic reports were retrieved from the archives and age, sex and microscopic types were evaluated. It is to be noted that the CRC has been serving as a cancer registry center for major hospitals all over the country since the year of 2003. Thus, the obtained statistics are highly reliable. Results During the years 2003 to 2008, a total number of 952 new cases of the tongue cancer were recorded in the CRC. Most cases are diagnosed in the sixth and seventh decades of life. 450 cases (47.2%) occurred in men and 489 cases (51.36%) in women. Four different types of malignant lesions (epithelial, salivary gland, hematopoietic and mesenchymal) were diagnosed. Epithelial tumors were the most prevalent malignancies (93%) of which squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) made up 87.39% of all lesions. Salivary gland tumors had the second place with 3.15% of the total lesions. Conclusions In Iranian population, squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy of tongue and it is notable that the ratio of female to male population was equal. These lesions were prevalent in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Thus screening examination of tongue by dentist especially in elderly patients is necessary for early detection of cancerous lesions.
{"title":"Malignant Tumors of Tongue in Iranian Population","authors":"M. Akbari, S. Atarbashi Moghadam, F. Atarbashi Moghadam, Zahra Bastani","doi":"10.17795/ijcp-4467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/ijcp-4467","url":null,"abstract":"Background The incidence of oral cancers varies from one country to another, which can be clarified by the difference in the distribution of the risk factors and the possible etiologies. Tongue is a main segment of oral cavity and malignant lesions of this region accounts for nearly 30% of all oral cancers. Objectives In the present study, we evaluated the pattern of tongue cancer in Iranian population and compared these findings with those previously reported in the other countries. Methods In this multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study recorded cases of the malignant tongue tumors in the cancer research center (CRC) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were extracted. The patient records and their microscopic reports were retrieved from the archives and age, sex and microscopic types were evaluated. It is to be noted that the CRC has been serving as a cancer registry center for major hospitals all over the country since the year of 2003. Thus, the obtained statistics are highly reliable. Results During the years 2003 to 2008, a total number of 952 new cases of the tongue cancer were recorded in the CRC. Most cases are diagnosed in the sixth and seventh decades of life. 450 cases (47.2%) occurred in men and 489 cases (51.36%) in women. Four different types of malignant lesions (epithelial, salivary gland, hematopoietic and mesenchymal) were diagnosed. Epithelial tumors were the most prevalent malignancies (93%) of which squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) made up 87.39% of all lesions. Salivary gland tumors had the second place with 3.15% of the total lesions. Conclusions In Iranian population, squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy of tongue and it is notable that the ratio of female to male population was equal. These lesions were prevalent in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Thus screening examination of tongue by dentist especially in elderly patients is necessary for early detection of cancerous lesions.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Dabiri, T. Mahmoudi, H. Farahani, H. Nobakht, M. Zali
Background With regard to the effect of calcium against colorectal cancer (CRC) and considering the key role of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in calcium homeostasis, this study investigated whether CaSR gene rs1801725 or A986S variant was associated with susceptibility to CRC risk. Methods This study was conducted as a case-control study and 303 cases with CRC and 354 controls were enrolled. All 657 subjects were genotyped for CaSR gene A986S variant using PCR-RFLP method. Results No significant difference was observed for the A986S variant of CaSR gene in either genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and the controls and this lack of difference remained non-significant even after adjustment for age, BMI, sex, smoking status, and family history of CRC. No evidence for the effect modification of the association A986S variant and CRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was also observed. Furthermore, the risk of obesity in relation to the A986S variant in the controls and the cases was separately analyzed and we observed no significant difference between normal weight (BMI < 25kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2) subjects. Conclusions Our findings do not support a role for effect of the CaSR gene A986S variant on CRC risk; nevertheless, this finding requires confirmation and the role of the gene variant in carcinogenesis needs to be further investigated.
{"title":"Alanine to Serine Variant at Position 986 of Calcium Sensing Receptor and Colorectal Cancer Risk","authors":"R. Dabiri, T. Mahmoudi, H. Farahani, H. Nobakht, M. Zali","doi":"10.17795/ijcp-8098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/ijcp-8098","url":null,"abstract":"Background With regard to the effect of calcium against colorectal cancer (CRC) and considering the key role of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in calcium homeostasis, this study investigated whether CaSR gene rs1801725 or A986S variant was associated with susceptibility to CRC risk. Methods This study was conducted as a case-control study and 303 cases with CRC and 354 controls were enrolled. All 657 subjects were genotyped for CaSR gene A986S variant using PCR-RFLP method. Results No significant difference was observed for the A986S variant of CaSR gene in either genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and the controls and this lack of difference remained non-significant even after adjustment for age, BMI, sex, smoking status, and family history of CRC. No evidence for the effect modification of the association A986S variant and CRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was also observed. Furthermore, the risk of obesity in relation to the A986S variant in the controls and the cases was separately analyzed and we observed no significant difference between normal weight (BMI < 25kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2) subjects. Conclusions Our findings do not support a role for effect of the CaSR gene A986S variant on CRC risk; nevertheless, this finding requires confirmation and the role of the gene variant in carcinogenesis needs to be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer constitutes the majority of these cancers. Hormone therapy has significantly improved clinical outcomes for early- and late-stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Although most patients with early stage breast cancer are treated with curative intent, approximately 20% - 30% of patients eventually experience a recurrence. During the last two decades, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the biological mechanisms of hormone therapy resistance, with the ultimate goal of implementing new therapeutic strategies to improve the current treatments for ER positive breast cancer. Several mechanisms of hormone therapy resistance have been proposed, including genetic alterations that lead to altered ER expression or ERs with changed protein sequence. Evidence Acquisition A Pubmed search was performed utilizing various related terms. Articles over the past 20 years were analyzed and selected for review. Results On the basis of published studies, the frequencies of ESR1 (the gene encoding ER) mutations in ER positive metastatic breast cancer range from 11% to 55%. Future larger prospective studies with standardized mutation detection methods may be necessary to determine the true incidence of ESR1 mutations. ESR1 amplification in breast cancer remains a controversial issue, with numerous studies either confirmed or challenged the reports of ESR1 amplification. The combination of intra-tumor heterogeneity regarding ESR1 copy number alterations and low level ESR1 copy number increase may account for these discrepancies. Conclusions While numerous unknown issues on the role of ESR1 mutations in advanced breast cancer remain, these new findings will certainly deepen current knowledge on molecular evolution of breast cancer and acquired resistance to hormone therapy.
{"title":"Are Estrogen Receptor Genomic Aberrations Predictive of Hormone Therapy Response in Breast Cancer?","authors":"S. Tabarestani, M. Motallebi, M. Akbari","doi":"10.17795/ijcp-6565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/ijcp-6565","url":null,"abstract":"Context Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer constitutes the majority of these cancers. Hormone therapy has significantly improved clinical outcomes for early- and late-stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Although most patients with early stage breast cancer are treated with curative intent, approximately 20% - 30% of patients eventually experience a recurrence. During the last two decades, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the biological mechanisms of hormone therapy resistance, with the ultimate goal of implementing new therapeutic strategies to improve the current treatments for ER positive breast cancer. Several mechanisms of hormone therapy resistance have been proposed, including genetic alterations that lead to altered ER expression or ERs with changed protein sequence. Evidence Acquisition A Pubmed search was performed utilizing various related terms. Articles over the past 20 years were analyzed and selected for review. Results On the basis of published studies, the frequencies of ESR1 (the gene encoding ER) mutations in ER positive metastatic breast cancer range from 11% to 55%. Future larger prospective studies with standardized mutation detection methods may be necessary to determine the true incidence of ESR1 mutations. ESR1 amplification in breast cancer remains a controversial issue, with numerous studies either confirmed or challenged the reports of ESR1 amplification. The combination of intra-tumor heterogeneity regarding ESR1 copy number alterations and low level ESR1 copy number increase may account for these discrepancies. Conclusions While numerous unknown issues on the role of ESR1 mutations in advanced breast cancer remain, these new findings will certainly deepen current knowledge on molecular evolution of breast cancer and acquired resistance to hormone therapy.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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