Introduction: Cancer Registry is one of the important components of health information systems in developing countries. Continuous monitoring of data quality can have a crucial role in controlling cancers. This study aimed to assess the quality of cancer registry data in terms of completeness of coverage and validity. Methods: Data were collected from three main sources, including Pathology registry, Hospital and national death registries in five provinces in Iran during March 2008-March 2011. We used two source capture-recapture method for estimate of cancer registry coverage and measures of validity were percentage of death certificate only (DCO%), histological verified cases (MV%); cancer incidence in childhood based on sex and age group, percentage of cancer in the elderly (80 years or above) and mortality-to-incidence ratio (M:I).We compared them to international standards. Results: The overall completeness was estimated at 54.2% and 32.4% under reporting for stomach cancer in a period of three years (2008 - 2010). MV% and percentage of unknown primary site of the tumor were 68.7%, and 5% respectively. The mortality-to-incidence ratio for men and women was 37.6% and 28.2%, and percentage of cancer in the elderly was 10.9% in 2010 year. The age-specific rate in girls and boys in age groups of 5 - 9 and 10 - 14 years was lower than minimum of the recommended international standards. Conclusions: The results of this study showed data quality of cancer registry is relatively low in terms of the completeness and validity. Cancer registries should pay great attention to the quality of their data. In addition to technical measures in data processing, continuous evaluation of their quality in order to achieve the set goals is essential.
{"title":"Quality Assessment of the National Cancer Registry in Iran: Completeness and Validity","authors":"G. Mohammadi, M. Akbari, Y. Mehrabi, A. Motlagh","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-8479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-8479","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cancer Registry is one of the important components of health information systems in developing countries. Continuous monitoring of data quality can have a crucial role in controlling cancers. This study aimed to assess the quality of cancer registry data in terms of completeness of coverage and validity. Methods: Data were collected from three main sources, including Pathology registry, Hospital and national death registries in five provinces in Iran during March 2008-March 2011. We used two source capture-recapture method for estimate of cancer registry coverage and measures of validity were percentage of death certificate only (DCO%), histological verified cases (MV%); cancer incidence in childhood based on sex and age group, percentage of cancer in the elderly (80 years or above) and mortality-to-incidence ratio (M:I).We compared them to international standards. Results: The overall completeness was estimated at 54.2% and 32.4% under reporting for stomach cancer in a period of three years (2008 - 2010). MV% and percentage of unknown primary site of the tumor were 68.7%, and 5% respectively. The mortality-to-incidence ratio for men and women was 37.6% and 28.2%, and percentage of cancer in the elderly was 10.9% in 2010 year. The age-specific rate in girls and boys in age groups of 5 - 9 and 10 - 14 years was lower than minimum of the recommended international standards. Conclusions: The results of this study showed data quality of cancer registry is relatively low in terms of the completeness and validity. Cancer registries should pay great attention to the quality of their data. In addition to technical measures in data processing, continuous evaluation of their quality in order to achieve the set goals is essential.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Salek, N. S. Sistani, M. Forghani, Mahboobeh Sadeghi Ivari
Introduction: Phyllodes tumor (PT) is not a common phenomenon and its coexistence with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is extremely rare. A few of these cases have been reported in the literatures. Case Presentation: We report a case of PT that a DCIS tumor has arisen from its epithelial component in a 26 year-old woman. The patient was referred to a surgeon with a palpable mass in her left breast. Ultrasonography failed to distinguish between fibroadenoma and PT. Excisional biopsy was performed for her and after pathologic study, the above - mentioned diagnosis was reported. Histologically stroma showed moderate cellularity with few mitoses. The epithelial component consisted of foci of ductal hyperplasia with comedo necrosis. After consultation with oncologists, simple mastectomy and reconstruction was performed for her. The patient was satisfied with the results. Conclusions: Diagnosis of DCIS within a PT before surgery is impossible and pathologist should confirm it. Different plans for their treatment have had good short term results.
叶状瘤(Phyllodes tumor, PT)并不常见，与导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS)共存极为罕见。文献中已经报道了其中的一些病例。病例介绍:我们报告一个26岁女性的DCIS肿瘤起源于其上皮成分。病人因左乳房有明显肿块而被转诊给外科医生。超声检查未能区分纤维腺瘤和PT。对她进行了切除活检，经病理检查后，报告了上述诊断。组织学上基质呈中等细胞性，有丝分裂少。上皮组织由导管增生灶和粉刺样坏死组成。在咨询了肿瘤学家后，为她进行了简单的乳房切除术和重建。病人对结果很满意。结论:术前在PT内诊断DCIS是不可能的，需经病理证实。不同的治疗方案都有很好的短期效果。
{"title":"Ductal Carcinoma in Situ within a Benign Phyllodes Tumor of Breast: Report of a Case","authors":"R. Salek, N. S. Sistani, M. Forghani, Mahboobeh Sadeghi Ivari","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5376","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Phyllodes tumor (PT) is not a common phenomenon and its coexistence with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is extremely rare. A few of these cases have been reported in the literatures. Case Presentation: We report a case of PT that a DCIS tumor has arisen from its epithelial component in a 26 year-old woman. The patient was referred to a surgeon with a palpable mass in her left breast. Ultrasonography failed to distinguish between fibroadenoma and PT. Excisional biopsy was performed for her and after pathologic study, the above - mentioned diagnosis was reported. Histologically stroma showed moderate cellularity with few mitoses. The epithelial component consisted of foci of ductal hyperplasia with comedo necrosis. After consultation with oncologists, simple mastectomy and reconstruction was performed for her. The patient was satisfied with the results. Conclusions: Diagnosis of DCIS within a PT before surgery is impossible and pathologist should confirm it. Different plans for their treatment have had good short term results.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Azari, Davod Panahi, M. Akbari, H. Mirzaei, H. Rezvani, R. Zendehdel, Y. Mehrabi, M. Bayatian
Background: Most cytotoxic drugs are unable to discriminate normal cells from cancer cells and they interfere with cell division and could lead to harmful effects such as carcinogenicity, genetic mutation, and teratogenicity. In order to assess dermal occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs, surface sampling was used to determine the residual drugs on the working surfaces, as well as the effectiveness of the procedures for cleaning the treatment area. Objectives: This study was designed with the aim to investigate the contamination of surfaces and hand skin of the oncology staff with cyclophosphamide drug. Methods: Environmental and personal monitoring were performed by collecting wipe and dermal samples over the span of a month at two different times of handling of cytotoxic drugs or other work like cleaning and patient admission. Samples were taken from exposed oncology staff after administering cyclophosphamide to patient. Results: The method of sampling and analysis of cyclophosphamide over a linear range surface density of 30 - 180 ng/cm2 was validated. Cyclophosphamide was detected on some wipe samples at two hospitals. Results of this study demonstrated that some staff had dermal exposure to cyclophosphamide and it was also revealed that working surfaces were also contaminated with this drug. Conclusions: Health workers with present work practice are at risk with cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, adequate training and control measures are justified.
{"title":"Environmental Monitoring of Occupational Exposure to Cyclophosphamide Drug in Two Iranian Hospitals","authors":"M. Azari, Davod Panahi, M. Akbari, H. Mirzaei, H. Rezvani, R. Zendehdel, Y. Mehrabi, M. Bayatian","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-7229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-7229","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most cytotoxic drugs are unable to discriminate normal cells from cancer cells and they interfere with cell division and could lead to harmful effects such as carcinogenicity, genetic mutation, and teratogenicity. In order to assess dermal occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs, surface sampling was used to determine the residual drugs on the working surfaces, as well as the effectiveness of the procedures for cleaning the treatment area. Objectives: This study was designed with the aim to investigate the contamination of surfaces and hand skin of the oncology staff with cyclophosphamide drug. Methods: Environmental and personal monitoring were performed by collecting wipe and dermal samples over the span of a month at two different times of handling of cytotoxic drugs or other work like cleaning and patient admission. Samples were taken from exposed oncology staff after administering cyclophosphamide to patient. Results: The method of sampling and analysis of cyclophosphamide over a linear range surface density of 30 - 180 ng/cm2 was validated. Cyclophosphamide was detected on some wipe samples at two hospitals. Results of this study demonstrated that some staff had dermal exposure to cyclophosphamide and it was also revealed that working surfaces were also contaminated with this drug. Conclusions: Health workers with present work practice are at risk with cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, adequate training and control measures are justified.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pathy, Soumyajit Roy, P. Malik, B. Mohanti, V. Raina
Objectives: To evaluate treatment compliance, toxicity and survival in geriatric patients ( ≥ 65 years) with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Methods: Departmental archive was collected for the details of demographics, treatment and outcome in elderly patients with LA-NSCLC (2008 - 2013) (n = 96). Both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method. Acute and late morbidity were scored using common terminology criteria for adverse events version 4, radiation therapy and oncology group late morbidity scoring system. Results: Overalltreatmentcompletionratewas65%. Theratesof acutegrade ≥ 3hematologicandnon-hematologictoxicitieswere 20% and 17% respectively. Overall rate of late toxicity was 12.5%. The median PFS and OS values were 7.4 months and 10.54 months, respectively. Patients with multiple comorbidities, poor socio-economic background and serum albumin level (< 3.5g/dL) were observed to have poor survival. Survival was lower for non-compliant patients. Conclusions: Curative multi-modality therapy in elderly patients with LA-NSCLC is a challenging task. They are susceptible to poor compliance, treatment-associated toxicities and poor survival. ulation with LA-NSCLC. The study reveals a treatment adherence rate of 65% among geriatric patients ( ≥ 65 years) with locally advanced NSCLC. Poor treatment compliance levelandmulti-ple poor therefore,
{"title":"Treatment Compliance and Outcome in Geriatric Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Experience from India","authors":"S. Pathy, Soumyajit Roy, P. Malik, B. Mohanti, V. Raina","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-5481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-5481","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate treatment compliance, toxicity and survival in geriatric patients ( ≥ 65 years) with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Methods: Departmental archive was collected for the details of demographics, treatment and outcome in elderly patients with LA-NSCLC (2008 - 2013) (n = 96). Both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method. Acute and late morbidity were scored using common terminology criteria for adverse events version 4, radiation therapy and oncology group late morbidity scoring system. Results: Overalltreatmentcompletionratewas65%. Theratesof acutegrade ≥ 3hematologicandnon-hematologictoxicitieswere 20% and 17% respectively. Overall rate of late toxicity was 12.5%. The median PFS and OS values were 7.4 months and 10.54 months, respectively. Patients with multiple comorbidities, poor socio-economic background and serum albumin level (< 3.5g/dL) were observed to have poor survival. Survival was lower for non-compliant patients. Conclusions: Curative multi-modality therapy in elderly patients with LA-NSCLC is a challenging task. They are susceptible to poor compliance, treatment-associated toxicities and poor survival. ulation with LA-NSCLC. The study reveals a treatment adherence rate of 65% among geriatric patients ( ≥ 65 years) with locally advanced NSCLC. Poor treatment compliance levelandmulti-ple poor therefore,","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nazem, Behrouz Kaleydari, M. Kolahdouzan, Valiollah Kashi, M. Amini
Background: One of the first steps to determine the thyroid nodules nature is fine needle aspiration. Almost 15% of the nodules are reported as atypia of unknown significance/follicular lesion of unknown significance (AUS/FLUS), with no clear nature of benign or malignant cells. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of repeated FNA in patients with AUS/FLUS undergoing thyroidectomy. Methods: This trial was conducted on 50 patients candidate for thyroid surgery due to both FNA report (AUS/FLUS) and clinical/ ultrasound findings from 2013 - 2014 in a referral surgery centre. First, a new FNA sample was taken from the lesion during surgery and was sent for cytopatholgy. Then, permanent pathology results (as gold standard method of diagnosis) and repeated FNA reports were analyzed and compared. The data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 17, with P values less than 0.05 being considered significant. Results: The obtained results revealed that repeated FNA had sensitivity of 61.9%, specificity of 100%. It had 0% false positive and 38.1% false negative results. In our study the malignancy rate in repeated FNA was 26%. Also, according to the results, the positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 46.7% respectively, and the accuracy was reported as 71.4%. Conclusions: Repeated FNA for AUS/FLUS has low sensitivity and negative predictive value despite 100% specificity and positive predictive value. Also, the prevalence of “undetermined” reports in repeated FNA for such lesions is high. It is recommended that repeating FNA for AUS/FLUS may have a limited role in decision making for managing patients with this type of thyroid nodules.
{"title":"Fine-Needle Aspirations in Atypia of Unknown Significance/Follicular Lesion Undetermined Significance (AUS/FLUS): Usefulness of Repeated FNA of Thyroid Nodules","authors":"M. Nazem, Behrouz Kaleydari, M. Kolahdouzan, Valiollah Kashi, M. Amini","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-7879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-7879","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the first steps to determine the thyroid nodules nature is fine needle aspiration. Almost 15% of the nodules are reported as atypia of unknown significance/follicular lesion of unknown significance (AUS/FLUS), with no clear nature of benign or malignant cells. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of repeated FNA in patients with AUS/FLUS undergoing thyroidectomy. Methods: This trial was conducted on 50 patients candidate for thyroid surgery due to both FNA report (AUS/FLUS) and clinical/ ultrasound findings from 2013 - 2014 in a referral surgery centre. First, a new FNA sample was taken from the lesion during surgery and was sent for cytopatholgy. Then, permanent pathology results (as gold standard method of diagnosis) and repeated FNA reports were analyzed and compared. The data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 17, with P values less than 0.05 being considered significant. Results: The obtained results revealed that repeated FNA had sensitivity of 61.9%, specificity of 100%. It had 0% false positive and 38.1% false negative results. In our study the malignancy rate in repeated FNA was 26%. Also, according to the results, the positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 46.7% respectively, and the accuracy was reported as 71.4%. Conclusions: Repeated FNA for AUS/FLUS has low sensitivity and negative predictive value despite 100% specificity and positive predictive value. Also, the prevalence of “undetermined” reports in repeated FNA for such lesions is high. It is recommended that repeating FNA for AUS/FLUS may have a limited role in decision making for managing patients with this type of thyroid nodules.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Taherian-Esfahani, A. Abedin-Do, Elahe Nikpayam, Behnoosh Tasharofi, Akram Ghahghaei Nezamabadi, S. Ghafouri-Fard
Context: Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological malignancy with no effective screening strategy for early detection. As mostcasesarebeingdetectedinadvancestages,conventionaltherapiesarenotbeneficialforthemajorityof patients. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor associated antigens with specific expression pattern in cancers which potentiate them for application as cancer biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. Evidence Acquisition: We performed a computerized search of the MEDLINE/PUBMED databases with key words: ovarian cancer, cancer-testis antigen, biomarker and immunotherapy. Results: Thirty five CTAs have been shown to be expressed in ovarian cancer. At least 13 of them have been shown to elicit immune responses in different studies. The pattern of expression for some of them may facilitate molecular classification of different histo-logicclassesof ovariancancer. Inaddition,someCTAssuchasNY-ESO-1andMAGEhavebeenusedastargetsforimmunotherapeutic approaches with promising results. Conclusions: The expression pattern of CTAs in ovarian cancer and the preliminary results of clinical trials indicate that CTAs can be used as targets for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer patients.
{"title":"Cancer-Testis Antigens: A Novel Group of Tumor Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancers","authors":"Z. Taherian-Esfahani, A. Abedin-Do, Elahe Nikpayam, Behnoosh Tasharofi, Akram Ghahghaei Nezamabadi, S. Ghafouri-Fard","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4993","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological malignancy with no effective screening strategy for early detection. As mostcasesarebeingdetectedinadvancestages,conventionaltherapiesarenotbeneficialforthemajorityof patients. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor associated antigens with specific expression pattern in cancers which potentiate them for application as cancer biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. Evidence Acquisition: We performed a computerized search of the MEDLINE/PUBMED databases with key words: ovarian cancer, cancer-testis antigen, biomarker and immunotherapy. Results: Thirty five CTAs have been shown to be expressed in ovarian cancer. At least 13 of them have been shown to elicit immune responses in different studies. The pattern of expression for some of them may facilitate molecular classification of different histo-logicclassesof ovariancancer. Inaddition,someCTAssuchasNY-ESO-1andMAGEhavebeenusedastargetsforimmunotherapeutic approaches with promising results. Conclusions: The expression pattern of CTAs in ovarian cancer and the preliminary results of clinical trials indicate that CTAs can be used as targets for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Development Index (HDI) in Iran","authors":"M. Akbari","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-9408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-9408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasim Khorshidian, M. Y. Asli, H. Hosseini, Mahdi Shadnoush, A. Mortazavian
Context: Nowadays, it has been proved that there is a relation between dietary habits and incidence of different types of cancers. Consumption of processed foods exposes human to a wide range of toxicants such as heterocyclic aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide and nitrosamines that have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on body and especially induce colon cancer. Under such circumstances, search for antimutagenic agents and helpful strategies have gained interest. Evidence Acquisition: We performed a computerized search of Scopus, Pubmed and google scholar databases with keywords: cancer, food toxicants, lactic acid bacteria, and probiotics. Results: Natural dietary compounds like lactic acid bacteria and probiotics can be beneficial in decline of detrimental effects associated with toxicants formed during food processing. It has been stated that binding ability of lactic acid bacteria and probiotics via their cell wall have prominent roles in detoxifying these toxicants. Also, this capability is influenced by various factors. Conclusions: It can be concluded that probiotics can play a vital role in prevention of colon cancer that is induced by food toxicants and their incorporation into food can be helpful in this respect. Keywords: Anticarcinogenic; Cancer; Food Toxicants; Lactic Acid Bacteria; Probiotics
{"title":"Potential anticarcinogenic effects of lactic acid bacteria and probiotics in detoxification of process-induced food toxicants","authors":"Nasim Khorshidian, M. Y. Asli, H. Hosseini, Mahdi Shadnoush, A. Mortazavian","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-7920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-7920","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Nowadays, it has been proved that there is a relation between dietary habits and incidence of different types of cancers. Consumption of processed foods exposes human to a wide range of toxicants such as heterocyclic aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide and nitrosamines that have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on body and especially induce colon cancer. Under such circumstances, search for antimutagenic agents and helpful strategies have gained interest. \u0000Evidence Acquisition: We performed a computerized search of Scopus, Pubmed and google scholar databases with keywords: cancer, food toxicants, lactic acid bacteria, and probiotics. \u0000Results: Natural dietary compounds like lactic acid bacteria and probiotics can be beneficial in decline of detrimental effects associated with toxicants formed during food processing. It has been stated that binding ability of lactic acid bacteria and probiotics via their cell wall have prominent roles in detoxifying these toxicants. Also, this capability is influenced by various factors. \u0000Conclusions: It can be concluded that probiotics can play a vital role in prevention of colon cancer that is induced by food toxicants and their incorporation into food can be helpful in this respect. \u0000Keywords: Anticarcinogenic; Cancer; Food Toxicants; Lactic Acid Bacteria; Probiotics","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Suicide gene therapy is one of the modern methods of cancer treatment. However, transmission for tumor cells is one of the main challenges to overcome. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors that lead to changes in tumors microenvironment. Hypoxia-responsive element sequences are regulatory sequences that lead to activation of their upstream and downstream genes in hypoxic time. Bax is a strong proapoptotic gene that causes apoptosis in the time of over expression in cells. Objectives: The aim of this study is to use this sequence in order to specify suicide gene therapy by the help of a gene producing Bax protein under control of CMV promoter. Methods: The gene of BAX, BAX3HRE and 3HRE were cloned into interested vectors. In the next step, the function of HRE sequence on over expression of upstream gene under hypoxic condition was evaluated through western blot, MTT assay and real time PCR. Results: The results of this study indicate that cells transected by pcDNA3.1/BAX 3HRE. The rate of apoptosis in them significantly increased in comparison with pcDNA3.1/BAX in hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: Regarding the role of HREs in increasing the expression of its upstream genes, it can be used to specify suicide gene therapy in treatment of solid tumors.
背景:自杀基因治疗是现代癌症治疗方法之一。然而，肿瘤细胞的传播是需要克服的主要挑战之一。缺氧是实体肿瘤的常见现象，导致肿瘤微环境的改变。低氧响应元件序列是在缺氧时间导致其上游和下游基因激活的调控序列。Bax是一种强促凋亡基因，在细胞中过表达时导致细胞凋亡。目的:本研究的目的是利用该序列在CMV启动子控制下产生Bax蛋白的基因帮助下确定自杀基因治疗。方法:将BAX、BAX3HRE和BAX3HRE基因克隆到感兴趣的载体上。下一步，通过western blot、MTT和real - time PCR检测HRE序列在缺氧条件下对上游基因过表达的作用。结果:本研究结果表明，pcDNA3.1/BAX 3HRE对细胞进行了横切。与缺氧条件下的pcDNA3.1/BAX相比，它们的凋亡率明显升高。结论:就HREs增加其上游基因表达的作用而言，可用于指定自杀基因疗法治疗实体瘤。
{"title":"Hypoxia Response Elements Can Cause the Overexpression of the BAX mRNA Under Hypoxic Condition","authors":"Ali Ghanbariasad, M. Bandehpour, B. Kazemi","doi":"10.17795/IJCP-4554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/IJCP-4554","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide gene therapy is one of the modern methods of cancer treatment. However, transmission for tumor cells is one of the main challenges to overcome. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors that lead to changes in tumors microenvironment. Hypoxia-responsive element sequences are regulatory sequences that lead to activation of their upstream and downstream genes in hypoxic time. Bax is a strong proapoptotic gene that causes apoptosis in the time of over expression in cells. Objectives: The aim of this study is to use this sequence in order to specify suicide gene therapy by the help of a gene producing Bax protein under control of CMV promoter. Methods: The gene of BAX, BAX3HRE and 3HRE were cloned into interested vectors. In the next step, the function of HRE sequence on over expression of upstream gene under hypoxic condition was evaluated through western blot, MTT assay and real time PCR. Results: The results of this study indicate that cells transected by pcDNA3.1/BAX 3HRE. The rate of apoptosis in them significantly increased in comparison with pcDNA3.1/BAX in hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: Regarding the role of HREs in increasing the expression of its upstream genes, it can be used to specify suicide gene therapy in treatment of solid tumors.","PeriodicalId":73510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of cancer prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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