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Navigating a culture of evidence: The lived experiences of college of agriculture faculty regarding the academic assessment of students 驾驭证据文化:农业学院教师关于学生学术评估的生活经验
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.109
Benita Komunjeru, Richie Roberts
The accountability movement has created tensions among key actors at institutions of higher education in the U.S. in recent years. As such, a need existed to examine the lived experiences that influenced faculty (n =6) in the College of Agriculture (COA) at [State] University as they engaged in various forms of assessment to evaluate student learning. As a result of our phenomenological analysis, three themes emerged. The themes combined to form the phenomenon’s essence, which was that assessment of student learning outcomes was a product of (a) presage, (b) process, and (c) context variables that shaped faculty’s lived experiences. In particular, presage variables represented the individual traits that influenced the assessment process such as faculty’s beliefs, personal traits, professional backgrounds, and previous teaching experiences. Meanwhile, contextual variables were the unique factors and conditions that affected assessment such as course goals and objectives as well as university policies. Finally, process variables represented the specific activities that affected student learning and instructional practices. Going forward, we recommend that COA’s create faculty development opportunities that encourage faculty to reflect and explore alternative strategies that may enhance learning and promote greater equity in the academic assessment of students.
近年来,问责运动在美国高等教育机构的主要参与者之间造成了紧张关系。因此,有必要研究影响[州立]大学农业学院(COA)教师(n=6)的生活经历,因为他们参与了各种形式的评估来评估学生的学习。作为我们现象学分析的结果,出现了三个主题。这些主题结合在一起形成了这一现象的本质,即对学生学习结果的评估是(a)预测、(b)过程和(c)塑造教师生活经历的背景变量的产物。特别是,预测变量代表了影响评估过程的个人特征,如教师的信仰、个人特征、专业背景和以前的教学经历。同时,情境变量是影响评估的独特因素和条件,如课程目标和目的以及大学政策。最后,过程变量代表了影响学生学习和教学实践的具体活动。展望未来,我们建议COA为教师创造发展机会,鼓励教师反思和探索替代策略,以加强学习,促进学生学术评估的更大公平性。
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引用次数: 0
Involvement of urban agricultural education students in FFA activities and opportunities 城市农业教育学生参与FFA活动和机会
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.57
Stephen McBride, Allen Talbert, SeéTrail Mackey
Students in large cities across the United States can better understand agriculture through their involvement in School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE). Since the passage of the Smith-Hughes Act in 1917, Agricultural Education has been a pathway that encourages students to continue schooling and connect with future careers. We conducted a descriptive study to explore the involvement of 2021-2022 high school Agricultural Education students in the National FFA Organization. Involvement was calculated through self-reported participation in chapter activities, officer positions, FFA degrees, and contests or events. Additionally, the study evaluated students’ curiosity toward stretching or embracing as well as their overall adaptability in different situations. The study occurred in the fall of 2021 with 543 respondents from 18 urban SBAE programs in 12 states completing the online survey. Respondents reported self-perceived moderate curiosity, very strong adaptability, and light involvement in FFA. For urban SBAE students, involvement in FFA was not affected by demographics other than those in the 12th grade were more involved. This could imply study respondents who see the value in the organization’s leadership training or college and career readiness are the most curious and adaptable toward being involved in the organization.
美国大城市的学生可以通过参与学校农业教育(SBAE)更好地了解农业。自1917年《史密斯-休斯法案》通过以来,农业教育一直是鼓励学生继续上学并与未来职业联系的途径。我们进行了一项描述性研究,探讨2021-2022年高中农业教育学生参与国家FFA组织的情况。通过自我报告参与分会活动、官员职位、FFA学位以及竞赛或活动来计算参与度。此外,该研究还评估了学生对伸展或拥抱的好奇心,以及他们在不同情况下的整体适应性。这项研究发生在2021年秋季,来自12个州18个城市SBAE项目的543名受访者完成了在线调查。受访者报告称,自我感知的好奇心适中,适应性非常强,对FFA的参与程度较低。对于城市SBAE学生来说,参与FFA不受人口统计学的影响,除了12年级的学生更参与。这可能意味着,那些看到组织领导力培训或大学和职业准备的价值的受访者,对参与组织最好奇,也最适应。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the preparation of pre-service school-based agricultural education teachers in laboratory-based courses 评估职前农业教育校本教师在实验室课程中的准备情况
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.71
Kevin Sanders, S. Smalley, Mark Hainline
This study sought to examine laboratory-based instruction for pre-service school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers at various institutions across the nation. While research has indicated that laboratory-based instruction in SBAE programs is commonplace (Shoulders & Meyers, 2012), a myriad of literature has noted SBAE teachers are not adequately prepared to teach, manage, and facilitate learning activities in SBAE laboratories upon completing their teacher education programs (Burris et al., 2005; Hainline & Wells, 2019; Shoulders, 2012). To better understand the current state of SBAE pre-service teacher training in laboratory instruction, we surveyed 33 agricultural education certifying institutions across the country. Many of these institutions indicated they required pre-service teachers to take two laboratory-based instruction courses in the areas of agricultural mechanics (96.9%) and welding metal fabrication livestock (83.9%). However, only 46.7% of the responding institutions required students to take a greenhouse management course, and 29% required pre-service teachers to take a meat science course. The findings of this study also highlight if the laboratory-based courses had a pedagogical component, and the teacher educators were asked to provide their perceptions for a need for expansion of instruction in each context. Recommendations for practice and further investigation were provided. 
本研究旨在检验全国各机构职前农业教育(SBAE)教师的实验室教学。虽然研究表明,SBAE项目中的实验室教学很常见(Shoulders&Meyers,2012),但大量文献指出,SBAE教师在完成教师教育项目后,没有充分准备好在SBAE实验室教授、管理和促进学习活动(Burris et al.,2005;Hainline&Wells,2019;Shoulders,2012)。为了更好地了解SBAE职前教师实验室教学培训的现状,我们调查了全国33家农业教育认证机构。其中许多机构表示,他们要求职前教师参加农业机械(96.9%)和焊接金属制造牲畜(83.9%)领域的两门实验室教学课程。然而,只有46.7%的回应机构要求学生参加温室管理课程,29%的机构要求职前老师参加肉类科学课程。这项研究的结果还强调了以实验室为基础的课程是否有教学成分,并要求教师教育工作者提供他们对在每种情况下扩大教学需求的看法。提出了实践和进一步调查的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Coping with transitions during the COVID-19 global pandemic: A case study of early career teachers’ experiences in secondary agricultural Education 应对新冠肺炎全球大流行期间的转变:中等农业教育早期职业教师经验的案例研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.108
Raegan Ramage Martin, Janiece Pigg, Richie Roberts, Kristin S. Stair
The year 2020 marked an era of change and demanded that educators across the globe adapt in new and innovative ways. In secondary agricultural education, teachers experienced significant transitions as a majority of K-12 schools shifted to remote, distance, and online instructional models. Therefore, teachers’ position requirements, obligations, and expectations began to shift dramatically, creating unique challenges for early career teachers. As such, the purpose of this study was to explore the transitions that early-career SBAE teachers in [State] experienced while teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through our analysis, four themes emerged: (1) situation, (2) self, (3) support, and (4) strategies. In the first theme, the early career teachers gave voice to how situational factors greatly influenced the professional transitions they underwent as a result of COVID-19. Self, the second theme, represented the different internal mechanisms, or sources of strength, participants used during the transition process. Meanwhile, support reflected the external support systems participants used during their time of transition into a virtual teaching format. The last theme, strategies, provided insight into the approaches that participants used to address and reduce the negative effects of the pandemic on their teaching. Going forward, we provide critical implications to stoke changes so that early career teachers can better cope with transitions during periods of stress in the post-COVID-19 era.
2020年标志着一个变革的时代,要求全球的教育工作者以新的创新方式适应。在中等农业教育中,随着大多数K-12学校转向远程、远程和在线教学模式,教师经历了重大转变。因此,教师的职位要求、义务和期望开始发生巨大变化,给早期职业教师带来了独特的挑战。因此,本研究的目的是探索新冠肺炎大流行期间[州]早期SBAE教师在教学过程中经历的转变。通过我们的分析,出现了四个主题:(1)情境、(2)自我、(3)支持和(4)策略。在第一个主题中,早期职业教师表达了情境因素如何极大地影响他们因新冠肺炎而经历的职业转变。自我,第二个主题,代表了参与者在过渡过程中使用的不同内部机制或力量来源。同时,支持反映了参与者在过渡到虚拟教学模式期间使用的外部支持系统。最后一个主题是策略,它深入了解了参与者用来解决和减少疫情对教学的负面影响的方法。展望未来,我们将提供关键影响,以推动变革,使早期职业教师能够更好地应对新冠肺炎后时代压力时期的转变。
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引用次数: 0
Examining how principals support school-based agricultural education programs 研究校长如何支持校本农业教育计划
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.113
R. G. Easterly, Natalie K. Ferand, Brian Myers, Sebastian Galindo
Principals have traditionally served as the instructional leader in a school, significantly impacting school culture and effectiveness. Despite this importance, little work has been conducted to examine how administrators view and impact school-based agricultural education programs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how the leadership practices of principals support the culture of exemplary school-based agricultural education programs in Florida. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five principals who supported SBAE teachers in exemplary programs in Florida. Thematic analysis of the transcripts yielded several emergent themes. The principals relayed value in agricultural education and found that school-based agricultural education programs helped meet their school's overall goals. The principals saw their role as helping the teacher find ways to grow without micromanaging their work. The principals expressed interest in the prospect of professional development to help them support agriculture teachers in their programs. Based on these findings, the authors recommend state and national agricultural education leaders implement professional development opportunities for teachers and principals so they can work in concert to find areas where their goals intersect and focus on strengthening those areas. A model for examining principal support in SBAE is presented based on the findings.
传统上,校长是学校的教学领导者,对学校文化和效率有很大的影响。尽管这很重要,但很少有人研究管理者如何看待和影响学校农业教育项目。本质性研究的目的是探讨校长的领导实践如何支持佛罗里达州示范性校本农业教育计划的文化。在半结构化访谈中,我们采访了在佛罗里达州的示范项目中支持SBAE教师的五位校长。对抄本的专题分析产生了几个新主题。校长们传达了农业教育的价值,并发现以学校为基础的农业教育项目有助于实现学校的总体目标。校长们认为他们的角色是帮助老师找到成长的方法,而不是事无巨细地管理他们的工作。校长们表达了对专业发展前景的兴趣,以帮助他们在他们的项目中支持农业教师。基于这些发现,作者建议州和国家农业教育领导者为教师和校长提供专业发展机会,这样他们就可以协同工作,找到他们的目标相交的领域,并专注于加强这些领域。在此基础上,提出了一个评估中小企业校长支持的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Home demonstration work in North Carolina: Leading the way for rural women 北卡罗莱纳州的家庭示范工作:为农村妇女引领道路
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.107
Daniel Radford, Joy Morgan, Barbara Kirby, Wendy Warner
Canning and home demonstration clubs played an important role in improving agriculture and home life shortly after the turn of the 20th century. Organized in local communities, these clubs for young girls and their mothers provided the opportunity for females to engage in experiential learning through the growth and canning of vegetables. Club work and activities allowed the involved individuals to learn important home life concepts including incorporating more nutritious meals, record keeping, maintaining the family garden, and other duties surrounding the home. In addition, clubs promoted cooperation among various groups, fostered friendships, and provided entrepreneurial opportunities for farm women. Movements such as these increased the demand for agricultural and extension education and many of the strategies developed through these clubs can be implemented in both formal and non-formal education today.
20世纪之交后不久,罐头和家庭示范俱乐部在改善农业和家庭生活方面发挥了重要作用。这些针对年轻女孩及其母亲的俱乐部在当地社区组织,为女性提供了通过种植和罐装蔬菜进行体验式学习的机会。俱乐部工作和活动使参与者能够学习重要的家庭生活概念,包括融入更有营养的膳食、记录、维护家庭花园以及家庭周围的其他职责。此外,俱乐部促进各种团体之间的合作,培养友谊,并为农村妇女提供创业机会。此类运动增加了对农业和推广教育的需求,通过这些俱乐部制定的许多战略如今可以在正规和非正规教育中实施。
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引用次数: 0
Recruitment strategies used by school-based agricultural educators in Michigan 密歇根州学校农业教育工作者使用的招聘策略
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.49
Kylie M. Nowakowski, Tiffany A. Marzolino, Aaron McKim
There are many benefits to being involved in a school-based agricultural education program (SBAE). Engagement of students in SBAE programs provides students with a milieu of opportunities; as such, it is imperative to determine strategies for recruitment and retention that are impactful. Research surrounding the recruitment and retention of SBAE students is sparse. This study explored the ways that SBAE teachers are recruiting students and the perceived efficacy of those recruitment strategies to pinpoint which strategies teachers are using and perceived success. Hands-on learning and learning outdoors are the two strategies teachers are using most commonly in their programs and perceive to be most effective. The results of this study are compared to scholarship within the discipline on student recruitment as well as the Recruitment Theory.
参加以学校为基础的农业教育项目(SBAE)有很多好处。学生参与SBAE项目为学生提供了一个充满机会的环境;因此,必须确定有效的招聘和保留战略。关于招收和保留SBAE学生的研究很少。本研究探讨了中小企业教师招聘学生的方式和这些招聘策略的感知效果,以确定教师使用的策略和感知成功。实践学习和户外学习是教师在教学中最常用的两种策略,也是最有效的。本研究的结果与招生学科内的学术研究以及招生理论进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Metacognition and teacher beliefs 元认知与教师信念
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.61
R. McKendree, Shannon Washburn
Metacognition is an important component of the learning process for students and teachers. With disparate findings regarding teacher attention to student thinking, and other indications that teachers enter the profession with preconceived notions, we use semi-structured interviews and a researcher-created professional development experience on metacognition to explore how metacognition influences educators’ perceptions of the learning process and their beliefs about teaching and learning. First, we present themes corresponding to each of the two research questions, with themes substantiated by participant quotes. Next, we present conclusions, including reflecting on how professional development offerings for secondary school teachers have the potential to challenge currently held paradigms by prospective participants. Additionally, we discuss the value of metacognition within the profession.
元认知是学生和教师学习过程的重要组成部分。关于教师对学生思维的关注,以及教师带着先入为主的观念进入职业的其他迹象,我们使用半结构化访谈和一位研究人员创造的元认知专业发展经验来探讨元认知如何影响教育工作者对学习过程的感知以及他们对教学的信念。首先,我们提出了与两个研究问题中的每一个问题相对应的主题,参与者引用的话证实了这些主题。接下来,我们提出结论,包括反思中学教师的专业发展课程如何有可能挑战潜在参与者目前持有的范式。此外,我们还讨论了元认知在职业中的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Are we developing leaders? Connecting undergraduate leadership identities to their needs and contexts 我们在培养领导者吗?将本科生的领导身份与他们的需求和背景联系起来
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i2.112
Sarah Bush, Anna Pratt Lickley, RyAnna Meacham
Graduates of the college are expected to have the skills needed to enter the workforce including leadership competencies. The purpose of this mixed methods case study was to identify leadership development influences and assess the leadership needs of undergraduate student leaders (n = 17) in the [college] at the [university]. We conducted the research through in-person, semi-structured interviews. We utilized a concurrent, sequential, multi-phase mixed methods design with a qualitative priority. In phase one, we open coded transcriptions and used an iterative process to find emerging themes. Results revealed four themes: engaged leadership, leadership experiences, group dynamics, and resources. In phase two, we employed a cross case comparison to explore similarities and differences across emergent themes related to leadership identity. it was evident that differing hierarchical and relational views of leadership existed based upon leadership identities.
该学院的毕业生应具备进入职场所需的技能,包括领导能力。这项混合方法案例研究的目的是确定领导力发展的影响,并评估[学院]和[大学]本科生领导者(n=17)的领导力需求。我们通过面对面的半结构化访谈进行了研究。我们采用了具有定性优先级的并行、顺序、多阶段混合方法设计。在第一阶段,我们打开编码转录,并使用迭代过程来寻找新出现的主题。结果揭示了四个主题:参与式领导、领导经验、团队动态和资源。在第二阶段,我们采用了跨案例比较来探索与领导身份相关的新兴主题之间的异同。很明显,基于领导身份,存在着不同的领导阶层和关系观。
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引用次数: 0
We’ve crossed a line: A philosophical examination of systemic implications surrounding SBAE teachers’ attempts at boundary setting 我们已经越过了一条线:围绕SBAE教师在边界设置方面的尝试的系统性影响的哲学检查
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.5032/jae.v64i1.31
Becky Haddad, Haley Q. Traini, Aaron McKim
This philosophical paper situates the system of School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE) in light of teachers’ attempts at boundary work. We define the system of SBAE through a Social Ecological Resilience approach, particularly by examining publications in the Journal of Agricultural Education (JAE) from 2021 to explore what SBAE demands of its teachers. Having worked with SBAE teachers over the last three years as they have struggled with attempts at boundary ownership, we question what this personal struggle indicates about a broader system. We argue for a bounded system by which respect for boundary ownership is reciprocated as an expected norm. We conclude by situating solutions oriented around the factors of Social Ecological Resilience theory. This work engages individuals across the system, rather than just the teachers, toward systemic accountability and transformation.
本文从教师边界工作的尝试出发,对校本农业教育体系进行了哲学定位。我们通过社会生态韧性方法来定义SBAE系统,特别是通过研究2021年《农业教育杂志》(JAE)上的出版物来探索SBAE对教师的要求。在过去的三年里,我们与SBAE教师合作,因为他们一直在努力争取边界所有权,我们质疑这种个人斗争对更广泛的系统意味着什么。我们主张一个有界系统,通过该系统,对边界所有权的尊重作为一种预期规范得到回报。最后,我们围绕社会生态韧性理论的因素提出了解决方案。这项工作让整个系统的个人,而不仅仅是教师,参与到系统问责制和转型中来。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of agricultural education
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