Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.46715/JESCC2021.04.1000109
Usongo P Ajonina
Cameroon has 115 000 km2 land area designated as Protected Areas (PAs), providing society with many ecosystem services including climate change mitigation. The study was aimed at examining the potentials of inland and coastal PAs as carbon sinks and implication on climate change mitigation in Cameroon between 1978 and 2014. Data for the study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used in the analysis of satellite imageries. The land cover change trajectory revealed a drop in the rate of conversion of dense forest within inland PAs compared to coastal PAs. Results reveaked carbon sequestration within inland PAs between 1978 and 2014 and the PAs were able to absorb166,590.73 tonnes/ha CO2 from the atmosphere and build up carbon resulting to the amelioration of the local and regional climate of the area with a positive impact on global climate change. Within the coastal PAs, there was 71,418.48 tonnes/ha CO2 emission through 1978 – 2014 with resulting negative impacts on the climate. The constraints to effective PA management identified were human and capital resource problems, hostility of the local population, delayance in law enforcement and poverty. To ensure their roles in climate moderation there should be a better forest policy implementation within PAs in Cameroon by making available more capital and human resources to PAs management to enable them cope in the face of growing anthropogenic threats.
{"title":"Potentials of Protected Areas as Carbon sinks and Implication on Climate Change in\u0000Cameroon","authors":"Usongo P Ajonina","doi":"10.46715/JESCC2021.04.1000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46715/JESCC2021.04.1000109","url":null,"abstract":"Cameroon has 115 000 km2 land area designated as Protected Areas (PAs), providing society with many\u0000ecosystem services including climate change mitigation. The study was aimed at examining the potentials of\u0000inland and coastal PAs as carbon sinks and implication on climate change mitigation in Cameroon between 1978\u0000and 2014. Data for the study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Remote Sensing and\u0000Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used in the analysis of satellite imageries. The land cover\u0000change trajectory revealed a drop in the rate of conversion of dense forest within inland PAs compared to coastal\u0000PAs. Results reveaked carbon sequestration within inland PAs between 1978 and 2014 and the PAs were able to\u0000absorb166,590.73 tonnes/ha CO2 from the atmosphere and build up carbon resulting to the amelioration of the\u0000local and regional climate of the area with a positive impact on global climate change. Within the coastal PAs,\u0000there was 71,418.48 tonnes/ha CO2 emission through 1978 – 2014 with resulting negative impacts on the climate.\u0000The constraints to effective PA management identified were human and capital resource problems, hostility of\u0000the local population, delayance in law enforcement and poverty. To ensure their roles in climate moderation there\u0000should be a better forest policy implementation within PAs in Cameroon by making available more capital and\u0000human resources to PAs management to enable them cope in the face of growing anthropogenic threats.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49525884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.46715/jescc2020.12.1000106
Burl Henry
Volcanic eruptions with an intensity of VEI4, or higher, affect Earth’s climate by injecting sulfurous compounds into the stratosphere, where they are quickly converted to the SO2 aerosol, H2SO4. These aerosols circulate around the globe, temporarily cooling the climate, with the maximum cooling generally occurring a year or more after the date of the eruption. These aerosols eventually settle out of the atmosphere, after about 18-30 months, and temperatures recover to pre-eruption levels, or a bit higher, as the descending aerosol droplets coalesce with others in the troposphere, causing some temporary cleansing of the atmosphere. Warming due to the less polluted air usually results in the formation of a volcanic-induced El Nino, if there have been no other eruptions in the interim. Global “Clean Air” activities since the late 1970’s focused strongly upon the reduction in industrial (anthropogenic) SO2 aerosol emissions, primarily because of acid-rain and health concerns. As a result, a plot of average anomalous global temperatures will reflect the increases and decreases caused by the changing amounts of SO2 in the atmosphere, from both “Clean Air” reductions in industrial emissions and volcanic eruptions. In examining such a plot, increases in average anomalous global temperatures were occasionally observed which appeared to be unrelated to either volcanic eruptions or to “Clean Air” activities. One such increase was noted for the year 1958, when the author graduated from college, and jobs were difficult to find because of the ongoing business recession (1957 Aug-1958 Sept.). It thus seemed possible that other recessions might also be responsible for the unexpected temperature increases, since industrial SO2 aerosol pollution of the atmosphere decreases during such times.
{"title":"A Graphical Explanation of Climate Change","authors":"Burl Henry","doi":"10.46715/jescc2020.12.1000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46715/jescc2020.12.1000106","url":null,"abstract":"Volcanic eruptions with an intensity of VEI4, or higher, affect Earth’s climate by injecting sulfurous compounds into the stratosphere, where they are quickly converted to the SO2 aerosol, H2SO4. These aerosols circulate around the globe, temporarily cooling the climate, with the maximum cooling generally occurring a year or more after the date of the eruption.\u0000\u0000These aerosols eventually settle out of the atmosphere, after about 18-30 months, and temperatures recover to pre-eruption levels, or a bit higher, as the descending aerosol droplets coalesce with others in the troposphere, causing some temporary cleansing of the atmosphere. Warming due to the less polluted air usually results in the formation of a volcanic-induced El Nino, if there have been no other eruptions in the interim.\u0000\u0000Global “Clean Air” activities since the late 1970’s focused strongly upon the reduction in industrial (anthropogenic) SO2 aerosol emissions, primarily because of acid-rain and health concerns. As a result, a plot of average anomalous global temperatures will reflect the increases and decreases caused by the changing amounts of SO2 in the atmosphere, from both “Clean Air” reductions in industrial emissions and volcanic eruptions.\u0000\u0000In examining such a plot, increases in average anomalous global temperatures were occasionally observed which appeared to be unrelated to either volcanic eruptions or to “Clean Air” activities.\u0000\u0000One such increase was noted for the year 1958, when the author graduated from college, and jobs were difficult to find because of the ongoing business recession (1957 Aug-1958 Sept.). It thus seemed possible that other recessions might also be responsible for the unexpected temperature increases, since industrial SO2 aerosol pollution of the atmosphere decreases during such times.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46481223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-26DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617.1000513
A. Gourfi, L. Daoudi
In Morocco, water resources management has become a challenging request due to the arid climate of the region and the growing population, the water reservoir studied in this work is an example of solutions proposed by the Moroccan government to face this issue. However, the Lalla Takerkoust reservoir is subject to the sedimentation problematic related to soil c classified as severe in the corresponding watershed. We have applied the RUSLE and the SEDD model over two periods to understand the impact of land use change on potential c erosion as well as the suspended sediment yield SSY. Results show a decrease in the the potential soil erosion risk (42.87 t/ha/yr in 1987 to 36.59 t/ha/yr in 2009) and suspended sediment yield SSY (6.52 t/ha/year 1987 to 4.03 t/ha/year in 2009), allowing us to conclude that the green policies adopted by the Moroccan government; especially the one concerning the vegetation cover, have a direct influence on reducing erosion phenomenon, thus, sedimentation of dames. Those results were confirmed by the observed sedimentation obtained from a series of bathymetric campaigns (from 6.52 t/yr in 1987 to 4.03 t/yr in 2009) leading us to conclude that the use of alternative datasets in GIS-based models can give valuable estimations enabling the understanding of the relation of spatial distribution of vegetation-soil erosion-sedimentation in dams, even for a region characterized by lack of data. This study proves also, that rational green strategy of water and vegetation can have a long-term positive effect on dams’ lives.
{"title":"Effects of Land Use Changes on Soil Erosion and Sedimentation of Dams in Semi-Arid Regions: Example of N’Fis Watershed in Western High Atlas, Morocco","authors":"A. Gourfi, L. Daoudi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000513","url":null,"abstract":"In Morocco, water resources management has become a challenging request due to the arid climate of the region and the growing population, the water reservoir studied in this work is an example of solutions proposed by the Moroccan government to face this issue. However, the Lalla Takerkoust reservoir is subject to the sedimentation problematic related to soil c classified as severe in the corresponding watershed. \u0000We have applied the RUSLE and the SEDD model over two periods to understand the impact of land use change on potential c erosion as well as the suspended sediment yield SSY. Results show a decrease in the the potential soil erosion risk (42.87 t/ha/yr in 1987 to 36.59 t/ha/yr in 2009) and suspended sediment yield SSY (6.52 t/ha/year 1987 to 4.03 t/ha/year in 2009), allowing us to conclude that the green policies adopted by the Moroccan government; especially the one concerning the vegetation cover, have a direct influence on reducing erosion phenomenon, thus, sedimentation of dames. Those results were confirmed by the observed sedimentation obtained from a series of bathymetric campaigns (from 6.52 t/yr in 1987 to 4.03 t/yr in 2009) leading us to conclude that the use of alternative datasets in GIS-based models can give valuable estimations enabling the understanding of the relation of spatial distribution of vegetation-soil erosion-sedimentation in dams, even for a region characterized by lack of data. This study proves also, that rational green strategy of water and vegetation can have a long-term positive effect on dams’ lives.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42501726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-02DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C4-048
pShruti Bhargavap
: Climate change is already having adverse impacts on ecosystems and communities through higher temperatures, prolonged droughts and more frequent extremes. However, a gap remains be-tween public understanding, scientific knowledge about climate change and effective adaptation options identification and implementation. Adaptation to the climate change cannot effectively occur unless the planning process adopts an ecosystem-based approach. The livelihoods of smallholder farmers/community depend on natural systems that extend beyond administrative boundaries. Therefore, to enhance the climate resilience of natural environment and to sustain ecosystem services needs to con-sider the environment at a larger ecosystem level in Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas (ASHA) Project. This poster highlights the novel approaches for covering natural boundary of climate change adaptation plan by adopting the enhanced approaches for climate change adaptation planning and implementation which integrates scientific information with local perceptions and also it contributes to fulfill the gaps. These approaches are Geographic Information System (GIS) based sub-watershed and Participatory Scenario Development (PSD). Since, GIS based sub watershed assessment is necessary in order to support for ecosystem level resilience building by addressing upstream and downstream linkages whereas PSD is necessary for envisioning future for balancing both development and ecosystem needs. Therefore, this assessment process provides communities with the opportunity to interactively explore different climate futures, builds capability and capacity for dealing with complex challenges and socializes adaptation priorities with diverse publics. Furthermore, it en-hances learning effects for resilient climate futures.
{"title":"Industrial initiatives towards reducing water pollution","authors":"pShruti Bhargavap","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C4-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C4-048","url":null,"abstract":": Climate change is already having adverse impacts on ecosystems and communities through higher temperatures, prolonged droughts and more frequent extremes. However, a gap remains be-tween public understanding, scientific knowledge about climate change and effective adaptation options identification and implementation. Adaptation to the climate change cannot effectively occur unless the planning process adopts an ecosystem-based approach. The livelihoods of smallholder farmers/community depend on natural systems that extend beyond administrative boundaries. Therefore, to enhance the climate resilience of natural environment and to sustain ecosystem services needs to con-sider the environment at a larger ecosystem level in Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas (ASHA) Project. This poster highlights the novel approaches for covering natural boundary of climate change adaptation plan by adopting the enhanced approaches for climate change adaptation planning and implementation which integrates scientific information with local perceptions and also it contributes to fulfill the gaps. These approaches are Geographic Information System (GIS) based sub-watershed and Participatory Scenario Development (PSD). Since, GIS based sub watershed assessment is necessary in order to support for ecosystem level resilience building by addressing upstream and downstream linkages whereas PSD is necessary for envisioning future for balancing both development and ecosystem needs. Therefore, this assessment process provides communities with the opportunity to interactively explore different climate futures, builds capability and capacity for dealing with complex challenges and socializes adaptation priorities with diverse publics. Furthermore, it en-hances learning effects for resilient climate futures.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C6-054
pSardar Muhammad Rafique Khanp
{"title":"Impacts of climate change on the water resources of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"pSardar Muhammad Rafique Khanp","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C6-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C6-054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C5-050
pSergei Petrovskiip
{"title":"Climate change can lead to global anoxia and mass extinctions by disrupting oxygen production in oceans","authors":"pSergei Petrovskiip","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C5-050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C5-050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-29DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617.1000495
A. Sy, B. Diop, Abou Karim Farota, D. Sarr, A. Dia, A. Diop, B. Pohl, C. Duroure
This study focused on the influence of Indian monsoon on the 10-30 days variability of the West African monsoon. One relies on the 500-300 hPa moisture fluxes calculated from specific wind and moisture fields from the ERAInterim reanalysis over the 1998-2008 period. These fluxes carry a signal of a spatio-temporal Rossby wave structure propagating westward from India. In the active phase of high convection of this wave, 500-300 hPa fluxes are Easterly. This high-tropospheric Rossby wave signal from the Indian monsoon area would modulate the dynamics over the Sahel.
{"title":"Role of Indian fluxes in the intraseasonal 10-30 days variability of the African monsoon.","authors":"A. Sy, B. Diop, Abou Karim Farota, D. Sarr, A. Dia, A. Diop, B. Pohl, C. Duroure","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617.1000495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000495","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the influence of Indian monsoon on the 10-30 days variability of the West African monsoon. One relies on the 500-300 hPa moisture fluxes calculated from specific wind and moisture fields from the ERAInterim reanalysis over the 1998-2008 period. These fluxes carry a signal of a spatio-temporal Rossby wave structure propagating westward from India. In the active phase of high convection of this wave, 500-300 hPa fluxes are Easterly. This high-tropospheric Rossby wave signal from the Indian monsoon area would modulate the dynamics over the Sahel.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"9 1","pages":"1000495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7617.1000495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46729729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C3-044
pXiangrong Wangp
{"title":"Urban resilience design to tackle with climate change for sustainability","authors":"pXiangrong Wangp","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C3-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C3-044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70393350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C3-046
Sara Palacinop
{"title":"Carbon stocks in tropical high-land ecosystems in the Santuario de Fauna y Flora de Iguaque, Colombia","authors":"Sara Palacinop","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C3-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C3-046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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