Pub Date : 2017-11-08DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C1-032
Queena K. Qian
{"title":"Green building promotion: Barriers and incentives from transaction costs perspective","authors":"Queena K. Qian","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C1-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C1-032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S of the Problem: Climate change (CC) issue attracts attention of global community since the last couple of decades due to its detrimental consequences on social and ecological sectors. CC impacts are forecasted to disrupt most of the global ecosystems, with high altitude regions to become a worst sufferer. Mountains of such elevated regions are fragile ecosystem, and are subject to high impacts from the projected CC, that could affect distribution of existing native vegetation resulted from future unsuitable climate. As a result, vegetation can migrate or shift into areas having climate they can fully tolerate to maintain their growth and survival. The purpose of this study is to model nine native highland plants viz. Abies spectabilis, Betula utilis, Quercus semecarpifolia, Juniperus indica, Tsuga dumosa, Acer campbellii, Rohododendron campanulatum, Ephedra gerardiana, cassiope fastigiata so as to visualize the likely landscape of the Himalaya under future warming climate. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Analysis was done using CLIMEX niche modeling technique. Two global climate models, CSIRO-MK 3.0 (CS) and MIROCH-H (MR) were used under IPCC A1B and A2 emission scenarios for the year 2050 and 2100. Findings: Climatic suitability of the nine species contracts in areas that are currently suitable while expands in areas that are currently unsuitable. Currently around 1.09 million sq. km. area is climatically suitable. An addition of 0.68 and 0.35 million sq. km. will become suitable by 2050 and 2100 respectively. Cold stress is the main limiting factor for overall expansion of climatic suitability in the region. Conclusion & Significance: Existing climatic suitability of the nine high land native species will substantially shift towards north in the Tibetan Plateau. Such climatic suitability shift could impacts existing nature conservation activities and availability of water and food security in the region. Formulation and implementation of suitable adaptation strategies is necessary to offset such negative implications.
{"title":"Future warming shifts climatic suitability of native Himalayan tree species","authors":"Pramod Lamsal Lalit Kumar Farzin Shabani, Kishor Atreya","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C1-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C1-037","url":null,"abstract":"S of the Problem: Climate change (CC) issue attracts attention of global community since the last couple of decades due to its detrimental consequences on social and ecological sectors. CC impacts are forecasted to disrupt most of the global ecosystems, with high altitude regions to become a worst sufferer. Mountains of such elevated regions are fragile ecosystem, and are subject to high impacts from the projected CC, that could affect distribution of existing native vegetation resulted from future unsuitable climate. As a result, vegetation can migrate or shift into areas having climate they can fully tolerate to maintain their growth and survival. The purpose of this study is to model nine native highland plants viz. Abies spectabilis, Betula utilis, Quercus semecarpifolia, Juniperus indica, Tsuga dumosa, Acer campbellii, Rohododendron campanulatum, Ephedra gerardiana, cassiope fastigiata so as to visualize the likely landscape of the Himalaya under future warming climate. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Analysis was done using CLIMEX niche modeling technique. Two global climate models, CSIRO-MK 3.0 (CS) and MIROCH-H (MR) were used under IPCC A1B and A2 emission scenarios for the year 2050 and 2100. Findings: Climatic suitability of the nine species contracts in areas that are currently suitable while expands in areas that are currently unsuitable. Currently around 1.09 million sq. km. area is climatically suitable. An addition of 0.68 and 0.35 million sq. km. will become suitable by 2050 and 2100 respectively. Cold stress is the main limiting factor for overall expansion of climatic suitability in the region. Conclusion & Significance: Existing climatic suitability of the nine high land native species will substantially shift towards north in the Tibetan Plateau. Such climatic suitability shift could impacts existing nature conservation activities and availability of water and food security in the region. Formulation and implementation of suitable adaptation strategies is necessary to offset such negative implications.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-07DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C1-035
Inga Carlman
{"title":"To navigate within environmental limits for the benefit of future generations","authors":"Inga Carlman","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C1-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C1-035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-07DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C1-036
Xia Jia
{"title":"Elevated atmospheric CO2 benefits rhizosphere microenvironment of black locust seedlings in Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils by altering plant physiology","authors":"Xia Jia","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C1-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C1-036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-16DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C1-031
K. Popli, Seungdo Kim
{"title":"Evaluation of greenhouse gas emission and treatment cost of municipal solid waste by using system dynamics modeling","authors":"K. Popli, Seungdo Kim","doi":"10.4172/2157-7617-C1-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617-C1-031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70392190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-09DOI: 10.4172/2329-6542.1000409
Golam Rabbani Fahad, Rouzbeh Nazari, J. Daraio, D. J. Lundberg
The complex hydrologic and atmospheric dynamics of New Jersey, along with the prevailing risks of extreme weather events like floods, place this region in particular at a higher risk to the impacts of climate change. The objective of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal change in temperature and precipitation pattern over New Jersey. A multimodel ensemble provides useful information about the uncertainty of the future changes of future climate. High emission scenarios using Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8.5) of the 5th Phase Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also aids to capture the possible extremity of the climate change. Using the CMIP5 regional climate modeling predictions, this study analyzes the distribution of the temperature and precipitation over New Jersey, USA in recent years (1971–2000) and in three future periods (i.e. 2010-2040, 2041-2070 and 2070-2100) considering RCP 8.5 scenarios. Climate changes are expressed in terms of 30-yr return values of annual near-surface temperature and 24-h precipitation amounts. At the end of the century, the mean temperature increase over New Jersey expected to increase between 3.5°C to 7.6°C with an increase in total precipitation ranging from 6% to 10%. Spatial analysis exhibited that the Northern and Western part of New Jersey will experience greater change in temperature and precipitation in the future. Analysis from extreme climate indicators suggested increase in yearly total and high intensity rainfall up to 21st century.
{"title":"Regional Study of Future Temperature and Precipitation Changes Using BiasCorrected Multi-Model Ensemble Projections Considering High EmissionPathways","authors":"Golam Rabbani Fahad, Rouzbeh Nazari, J. Daraio, D. J. Lundberg","doi":"10.4172/2329-6542.1000409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6542.1000409","url":null,"abstract":"The complex hydrologic and atmospheric dynamics of New Jersey, along with the prevailing risks of extreme weather events like floods, place this region in particular at a higher risk to the impacts of climate change. The objective of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal change in temperature and precipitation pattern over New Jersey. A multimodel ensemble provides useful information about the uncertainty of the future changes of future climate. High emission scenarios using Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8.5) of the 5th Phase Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also aids to capture the possible extremity of the climate change. Using the CMIP5 regional climate modeling predictions, this study analyzes the distribution of the temperature and precipitation over New Jersey, USA in recent years (1971–2000) and in three future periods (i.e. 2010-2040, 2041-2070 and 2070-2100) considering RCP 8.5 scenarios. Climate changes are expressed in terms of 30-yr return values of annual near-surface temperature and 24-h precipitation amounts. At the end of the century, the mean temperature increase over New Jersey expected to increase between 3.5°C to 7.6°C with an increase in total precipitation ranging from 6% to 10%. Spatial analysis exhibited that the Northern and Western part of New Jersey will experience greater change in temperature and precipitation in the future. Analysis from extreme climate indicators suggested increase in yearly total and high intensity rainfall up to 21st century.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6542.1000409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48682624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-09DOI: 10.4172/2329-6542.1000412
Zhong-sheng Guo
The instantaneous solar radiation flux density incident on the horizontal surface near the ground, consisted of three sections, direct radiation, scattered radiation, and thermal radiation flowing down through the atmosphere, directly or indirectly comes from the sun. The dynamics of the solar radiation flux density incident on the horizontal surface near the ground influence all life processes and environment. In this study, the daily variation law of solar radiation flux density incident on the horizontal surface developed. The results showed that generally, sky conditions is stable, and the daily dynamic in the solar radiation flux density incident on the horizontal surface near the ground is the function of time, and can be described by a normal distribution model in a day. The main parameters of the model change with date and the meteorological conditions in a day.
{"title":"Daily Variation Law of Solar Radiation Flux Density Incident on theHorizontal Surface","authors":"Zhong-sheng Guo","doi":"10.4172/2329-6542.1000412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6542.1000412","url":null,"abstract":"The instantaneous solar radiation flux density incident on the horizontal surface near the ground, consisted of three sections, direct radiation, scattered radiation, and thermal radiation flowing down through the atmosphere, directly or indirectly comes from the sun. The dynamics of the solar radiation flux density incident on the horizontal surface near the ground influence all life processes and environment. In this study, the daily variation law of solar radiation flux density incident on the horizontal surface developed. The results showed that generally, sky conditions is stable, and the daily dynamic in the solar radiation flux density incident on the horizontal surface near the ground is the function of time, and can be described by a normal distribution model in a day. The main parameters of the model change with date and the meteorological conditions in a day.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6542.1000412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48065314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-09DOI: 10.4172/2329-6542.1000410
Jonathan E. Thompson
Despite being broadly accepted by physical scientists, the prospect of anthropogenic climate change is often politically contentious among the broader public. In this short communication, I make the case for the development of more potent imagens that depict the physical science mechanism for anthropogenic influence on climate change. Imagens are graphics that allow viewers to construct mental visualizations and models of STEM related topics. To support the central thesis, I summarize recent survey data that suggests visualization of climate forcing mechanisms is crucial for acceptance among the public. In addition, I briefly discuss several case studies from history in which physical models used to visualize complex topics have been highly effective at communicating and gaining broad public acceptance of scientific hypothesis. I conclude that development and dissemination of imagens may catalyze the broader public acceptance of climate science and policy change.
{"title":"Climate Science Needs Effective Imagens","authors":"Jonathan E. Thompson","doi":"10.4172/2329-6542.1000410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6542.1000410","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being broadly accepted by physical scientists, the prospect of anthropogenic climate change is often politically contentious among the broader public. In this short communication, I make the case for the development of more potent imagens that depict the physical science mechanism for anthropogenic influence on climate change. Imagens are graphics that allow viewers to construct mental visualizations and models of STEM related topics. To support the central thesis, I summarize recent survey data that suggests visualization of climate forcing mechanisms is crucial for acceptance among the public. In addition, I briefly discuss several case studies from history in which physical models used to visualize complex topics have been highly effective at communicating and gaining broad public acceptance of scientific hypothesis. I conclude that development and dissemination of imagens may catalyze the broader public acceptance of climate science and policy change.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6542.1000410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48315098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-09DOI: 10.4172/2329-6542.1000411
J. Dalgaard
One major problem regarding climate change is the loss of ice at the poles; this is a problem due to that while ice reflects light, the darker ocean absorbs more energy. Thus, the loss of ice leads to a positive feedback with regard to absorption of energy and thus to an increased in the rise in temperature.
{"title":"Could Black Body Radiation Be Used for Combatting Climate Change","authors":"J. Dalgaard","doi":"10.4172/2329-6542.1000411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6542.1000411","url":null,"abstract":"One major problem regarding climate change is the loss of ice at the poles; this is a problem due to that while ice reflects light, the darker ocean absorbs more energy. Thus, the loss of ice leads to a positive feedback with regard to absorption of energy and thus to an increased in the rise in temperature.","PeriodicalId":73713,"journal":{"name":"Journal of earth science & climatic change","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6542.1000411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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