Advances in Polymer Technology最新文献

The growing demand for personalized biomedical devices positions polylactic acid (PLA) as a useful material because it is biodegradable and biocompatible while being easily processed by additive manufacturing. This study seeks toward optimization of key process parameters in fuzed filament fabrication (FFF). Improving the mechanical integrity and adaptability of biomedical-grade PLA components is the goal. Researchers systematically designed experiments that evaluated how four critical FFF parameters, layer thickness, wall thickness, infill density, along with infill pattern, influence tensile strength and fatigue life. For fabricated PLA specimens, standardized tensile tests in addition to low-cycle fatigue tests were used through varying combinations regarding these parameters. The results demonstrated that a layer that was 0.3 mm thick greatly improved fatigue life (1099 cycles) as well as tensile strength (39.8 MPa), while thinner layers performed worse. Wall thicknesses upto 3 mm improved fatigue performance however tensile strength gains lessened with later increases. At the 0.75 infill density, the mechanical performance was optimal (fatigue life: 1070 cycles, tensile strength: 39.6 MPa) but lower densities decreased durability. The grid structure has provided for the best balance between the strength and the fatigue resistance among all the infill patterns. It had better performance than Tri-hexagon and gyroid structures. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), that is a statistical validation, confirmed the importance of layer thickness and infill density for the mechanical outcomes at p < 0.0001. These findings suggest PLA components suitable for load bearing and bioresorbable medical applications can be yielded by careful tuning of FFF parameters. The researchers did study the issue for laying the groundwork. Engineers are allowed by this work to develop smart, patient-specific PLA composites later in biomedical engineering.

This study incorporates celery pulp microfibers into styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) composites, aiming to generate value from waste. The study addresses compatibility issues between hydrophilic fibers and the hydrophobic polymer matrix by using ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) as a compatibilizer. Results show significant enhancement of mechanical properties in EVOH-compatibilized composites. The compatibilized fiber composite (SE-05) exhibits higher tensile strength (7.437 MPa) and Young’s modulus (63.766 MPa) compared to the uncompatibilized composite (SEBS/cellulose [SC]-05) and SEBS matrix. Both composites exhibit decreased elongation at break with increased fiber loading. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicates the incorporation of EVOH and its interaction with cellulose microfibers, as evidenced by enhanced O─H and C─O stretching regions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs further show improved fiber dispersion and reduced pull out in EVOH-containing composites, suggesting enhanced interfacial adhesion and load transfer. The composites demonstrate enhanced dynamic mechanical behavior, with higher storage modulus and glass transition temperature than the matrix polymer. These improvements suggest the potential of eco-friendly, sustainable composites for diverse applications, including biomedical and packaging industries. By utilizing cellulosic fibers which obtained from celery pulp residue, this study creates advanced polymeric materials with enhanced properties through melt mixing and molding techniques. This approach highlights an innovative solution to environmental concerns while adding value to waste materials.

The study aimed to prepare alginate–carboxymethylcellulose (ALG–CMC) composite membranes containing natamycin (NA) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) for use as antimicrobial wound dressings. The membranes were fabricated using a solvent casting method with varying mass ratios of NA:TCH (0:1, 0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1) and subsequently cross-linked with calcium chloride. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that the membranes were structures without visible NA crystals, indicating good compatibility between the antimicrobial agents and the polymer matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results suggested that the interactions between the bioactive compounds and the ALG–CMC matrix were relatively weak. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents did not cause significant changes in the swelling behavior (~603%–636%), weight loss profile (75%–77%), tensile strength (~22−24 MPa), and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR; 1.3–1.5 mg/cm²·h) of the membranes. The agar diffusion assay showed that the M-0.5 membrane formulation demonstrated inhibition zones of 2.1 cm for Staphylococcus aureus, 1.3 cm for Escherichia coli, and 1.6 cm for Candida albicans. The release profile of TCH followed a diffusion-degradation mechanism, and cytotoxicity assessments indicated that M-0.5 exhibited ~87% cell viability, indicating noncytotoxicity to mouse fibroblast cells. These results demonstrate that ALG–CMC composite membranes containing NA and TCH have the potential to be useful antimicrobial wound dressing materials.

G. M. R. Lima and R. K. Bose, “Production and Application of Polymer Foams Employing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide,” Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (2022): 8905115, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8905115.

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The study investigates the sealing performance of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) seals in hydrogen facilities, with a focus on safety and reliability through extensive experimental analysis and accelerated aging simulations. This research involved a range of characterization tests, including tensile strength, swelling, hardness, and resistivity measurements, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological examinations, to assess material degradation under hydrogen pressures up to 5000 psi at room temperature. The results revealed significant changes in mechanical and physical properties, including reductions in tensile strength and hardness, increased resistivity, and material swelling, all of which were attributed to hydrogen-induced structural degradation. Morphological analysis via SEM highlighted surface roughening and microcrack formation at higher pressures. A Multivariate regression model was developed to predict key properties such as tensile strength, resistivity, weight, and hardness as functions of hydrogen pressure. Additionally, a hybrid machine learning model incorporating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for feature extraction with fully connected layers for regression was also developed, demonstrating strong predictive performance for NBR’s material properties using both numerical features and SEM images. These findings contribute to the development of safer and more reliable sealing materials, crucial for the hydrogen energy industry, ensuring that seals can withstand the unique challenges posed by hydrogen storage and transportation.

This study aims to find the influence of hot and cold beverages on single-layered (SL) and multilayered (ML) clear aligners in terms of dimensional stability, weight variations, and chemical characteristics by using attenuated total reflectance fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. One hundred clear aligners were thermoformed, 50 per material, and subdivided into five groups (10 per group). The groups were coffee at 55°C, distilled water at 55°C, cola at 5°C, distilled water at 5°C, and distilled water at 37°C. The aligners were scanned and weighed along with chemical characterization, then immersed in the solutions for 45 min daily for 14 days. After finishing the immersion period, they were rescanned and weighed, and chemical characterization analyses were taken. Scans were superimposed by GeoMagic Control X software. The root mean square (RMS) of the deviations was used to compare dimensional changes. The results revealed significantly higher RMS in distilled water at 55°C and coffee than in other groups. The SL showed higher RMS values than ML groups; all aligners gained weight, and the rate was higher for hot solutions. In conclusion, hot beverages negatively impact clear aligners’ dimensional stability, and patients should avoid drinking them while wearing their aligners.

RETRACTION: P. B. Bagali, N. I. H. Rashid, E. A. Al-Ammar, et al., “Examine the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Tetrahydride/Calotropis gigantea Based Hybrid Polyester Composites in Cryogenic Atmosphere,” Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (2022): 9164777, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9164777.

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Transforming from plastic to environmentally friendly materials is essential for both human health and the protection of the environment. In this work, a modified jute fabric (MJF) laminated with electrospun recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) nanofibers with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is presented. The purpose to apply the silver nitrate and rPET nanofiber mat is to enhance the performance properties of packaging materials like mechanical strength, thermal insulation, moisture resistance, and antibacterial properties. The jute fabric was pretreated with alkali to make it compatible with rPET electrospun nanofibers, which improved breathability with a diameter of 24.70 ± 7.79 nm and an average area percentage of fiber-to-fiber gap 17.50%. According to mechanical testing, the final product, MJF with nanofiber coating of rPET (MJNF) sample, satisfied the properties of packaging materials with a breaking force of 15,566 N and an extension of 10.79% at break. Strong thermal stability was indicated by thermal testing, which revealed a radiant heat difference of 26.75°C and thermal conductivity of 0.0607 W m⁻¹·K⁻¹. Excellent water resistance, a crucial characteristic for food preservation, was revealed by moisture management testing. Food safety was improved by antibacterial testing, which showed inhibition zones of 20.2 mm and 18.4 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. rPET nanofibers were successfully incorporated, as confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a homogeneous nanofiber network on the jute surface was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to these findings, MJNF have promise for environmentally friendly packaging since they successfully solve environmental issues by utilizing both recycled materials and improved antibacterial properties.

Anti-cut fabric is a type of personal safety protection material that can protect the human body from injuries caused by sharp objects, such as knives. It not only holds significant application value in military and police security sectors but is also widely used in civilian fields. Therefore, developing anti-cut fabrics that are both lightweight and possess excellent protective performance is of great importance in addressing the potential dangers posed by sharp tools. This study utilized ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), aramid 1414 (Kevlar), stainless steel filament (SSF), and polyamide (PA) as raw materials to design and fabricate eight types of yarns and their plain–woven cut-resistant fabrics by modifying core yarn structures. Through a series of experiments, the cut-resistant properties of fabrics with different core yarn structures were systematically investigated, followed by comprehensive evaluations and theoretical analyses. Testing results revealed that the characteristic cutting forces of B_P, B_K, C_P, and C_K specimens were 1535.78 gf, 1687.61 gf, 1731.56 gf, and 1902.54 gf, respectively, meeting the A4 grade requirements of the ANSI/ISEA 105-2016 standard. In contrast, the A_P, A_K, D_P, and D_K specimens exhibited characteristic cutting forces of 1460.20 gf, 1494.56 gf, 962.63 gf, and 1347.57 gf, complying with the A3 grade specifications. The findings indicate that twisting a single core yarn component can effectively enhance the fabric’s cut resistance. This research provides both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the design and development of high-performance cut-resistant textiles.