Sudheer D. Kulkarni, B. Manjunatha, U. Chandrasekhar, G. K. Siddesh, Haiter Lenin, Sujin Jose Arul
A seal is a mechanism or a piece of material that securely shuts a hole so that air, liquid, or other substances cannot enter or exit the system. Seals are an essential component of practically all machinery and engines and have several applications in industry. The development of novel materials for sealing applications is essentially required on these days. In this research, an attempt is made to find the polymer material for the said application. Poly vinyl rubber material has been taken, and the specimens are prepared for testing the tensile properties and hardness. The specimens were prepared by using die with various temperatures and curing time. Sixteen specimens were prepared by changing the curing temperature, curing time, postcuring temperature, and postcuring time. The curing temperature 150°C and 170°C, postcuring temperature 100°C and 50°C, curing time 14 mins and 18 mins, postcuring time 120 mins and 60 mins, and the pressure of 150 kg/cm2 for all the specimens were maintained. The tensile strength and hardness analysis were done as per the ASTM standard, and it was found that the specimen prepared on 150°C curing temperature, 18 min curing time, 50°C postcuring temperature, and 120 min postcuring time provides the higher tensile strength. DOE analysis is also done to determine the best values of the factors impacting the mechanical characteristics of the seal material. Simple regression analysis is used to find the influence of curing temperature and curing time on the tensile strength and hardness for every 1°C temperature rise and 1 sec curing time.
{"title":"Effect of Curing Temperature and Time on Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Polymer Material for Sealing Applications in Industry Using Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Sudheer D. Kulkarni, B. Manjunatha, U. Chandrasekhar, G. K. Siddesh, Haiter Lenin, Sujin Jose Arul","doi":"10.1155/2023/9964610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9964610","url":null,"abstract":"A seal is a mechanism or a piece of material that securely shuts a hole so that air, liquid, or other substances cannot enter or exit the system. Seals are an essential component of practically all machinery and engines and have several applications in industry. The development of novel materials for sealing applications is essentially required on these days. In this research, an attempt is made to find the polymer material for the said application. Poly vinyl rubber material has been taken, and the specimens are prepared for testing the tensile properties and hardness. The specimens were prepared by using die with various temperatures and curing time. Sixteen specimens were prepared by changing the curing temperature, curing time, postcuring temperature, and postcuring time. The curing temperature 150°C and 170°C, postcuring temperature 100°C and 50°C, curing time 14 mins and 18 mins, postcuring time 120 mins and 60 mins, and the pressure of 150 kg/cm2 for all the specimens were maintained. The tensile strength and hardness analysis were done as per the ASTM standard, and it was found that the specimen prepared on 150°C curing temperature, 18 min curing time, 50°C postcuring temperature, and 120 min postcuring time provides the higher tensile strength. DOE analysis is also done to determine the best values of the factors impacting the mechanical characteristics of the seal material. Simple regression analysis is used to find the influence of curing temperature and curing time on the tensile strength and hardness for every 1°C temperature rise and 1 sec curing time.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47813511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Dhanasekar, A. Krishnan, Gopal Kaliyaperumal, Melvin Victor De Poures, P. Chandramohan, N. Parthipan, C. Priya, R. Venkatesh, Kassu Negash
Focusing on natural fibers are the prominent substitution for synthetic fiber and reinforced into polymer matrices found unique properties such as lightweight, cost-effectiveness, and good mechanical and wear properties. Incompatibility and low adhesive behavior are the primary drawbacks found during the fabrication of natural fiber-bonded polymer matrix composites. The constant weight percentage (10 wt%) of sisal and hemp fiber is treated with a 5% NaOH solution for improving adhesive behavior and bonded with epoxy. The prepared sisal/hemp/epoxy combination is blended with 0 wt%, 3 wt%, 6 wt%, and 9 wt% silica nanoparticles, which results in reduced voids (1.32%) and increased flexural strength (56.98 MPa). Based on the compositions of fiber and reinforcement, the density of the composite varied. Samples 3-6 wt% of silica nanoparticle-blend sisal/hemp/epoxy composite offered maximum tensile and impact strength of 52.16 MPa and 2.1 J. An optical microscope analyzed the tensile fracture surface, and the failure nature was reported. The dry sliding wear performance of composite samples is tested by pin-on-disc setup with a 10 N-40 N load of 10 N interval at 0.75 m/sec. Sample 3 found good wear resistance compared to others.
{"title":"Influences of Nanosilica Particles on Density, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Sisal/Hemp Hybrid Nanocomposite","authors":"K. Dhanasekar, A. Krishnan, Gopal Kaliyaperumal, Melvin Victor De Poures, P. Chandramohan, N. Parthipan, C. Priya, R. Venkatesh, Kassu Negash","doi":"10.1155/2023/3684253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3684253","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on natural fibers are the prominent substitution for synthetic fiber and reinforced into polymer matrices found unique properties such as lightweight, cost-effectiveness, and good mechanical and wear properties. Incompatibility and low adhesive behavior are the primary drawbacks found during the fabrication of natural fiber-bonded polymer matrix composites. The constant weight percentage (10 wt%) of sisal and hemp fiber is treated with a 5% NaOH solution for improving adhesive behavior and bonded with epoxy. The prepared sisal/hemp/epoxy combination is blended with 0 wt%, 3 wt%, 6 wt%, and 9 wt% silica nanoparticles, which results in reduced voids (1.32%) and increased flexural strength (56.98 MPa). Based on the compositions of fiber and reinforcement, the density of the composite varied. Samples 3-6 wt% of silica nanoparticle-blend sisal/hemp/epoxy composite offered maximum tensile and impact strength of 52.16 MPa and 2.1 J. An optical microscope analyzed the tensile fracture surface, and the failure nature was reported. The dry sliding wear performance of composite samples is tested by pin-on-disc setup with a 10 N-40 N load of 10 N interval at 0.75 m/sec. Sample 3 found good wear resistance compared to others.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44932989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Mohan kumar, Venkatesh Naik, Vijayananda Kaup, S. Waddar, N. Santhosh, H. V. Harish
In recent years, there has been a growing awareness and demand for global sustainability, as well as a mandate for the use of renewable and environmentally sustainable materials and processes. Due to which, massive efforts are being made to develop and nurture the next generation of composite materials that are energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable. Light weight, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and comparable tensile strength exhibited by natural fibers render them the choice for use in several industrial products and applications over the last decade. Natural fibers as the reinforcing entity are pitted against their synthetic variants primarily because of the superior aspects like biodegradability and excellent strength-to-weight ratio. This article presents the review on various nonconventional natural fibers such as tamarind seed and shell, Luffa cylindrica, groundnut shell, coconut coir, papaya bast, okra, and Ashoka tree seed. The flow of the chapter includes the introduction, extraction methodologies, and fabrication, and investigations of mechanical properties, applications, and sustainability are dealt in detail for nontraditional natural fibers. The okra fibers possess greater tensile strength of up to 262.8 MPa in comparison with other fibers, while the Ashoka tree seed fibers are known to possess a maximum flexural strength of up to 125 MPa. Further, these fibers are used as reinforcements in potential applications in interiors and automobile and aircraft panels and wood-based particle board composites owing to the increase in tensile and flexural strengths of composites.
{"title":"Nontraditional Natural Filler-Based Biocomposites for Sustainable Structures","authors":"K. Mohan kumar, Venkatesh Naik, Vijayananda Kaup, S. Waddar, N. Santhosh, H. V. Harish","doi":"10.1155/2023/8838766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8838766","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing awareness and demand for global sustainability, as well as a mandate for the use of renewable and environmentally sustainable materials and processes. Due to which, massive efforts are being made to develop and nurture the next generation of composite materials that are energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable. Light weight, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and comparable tensile strength exhibited by natural fibers render them the choice for use in several industrial products and applications over the last decade. Natural fibers as the reinforcing entity are pitted against their synthetic variants primarily because of the superior aspects like biodegradability and excellent strength-to-weight ratio. This article presents the review on various nonconventional natural fibers such as tamarind seed and shell, Luffa cylindrica, groundnut shell, coconut coir, papaya bast, okra, and Ashoka tree seed. The flow of the chapter includes the introduction, extraction methodologies, and fabrication, and investigations of mechanical properties, applications, and sustainability are dealt in detail for nontraditional natural fibers. The okra fibers possess greater tensile strength of up to 262.8 MPa in comparison with other fibers, while the Ashoka tree seed fibers are known to possess a maximum flexural strength of up to 125 MPa. Further, these fibers are used as reinforcements in potential applications in interiors and automobile and aircraft panels and wood-based particle board composites owing to the increase in tensile and flexural strengths of composites.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46403466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditya Singh, A. Srivastava, G. Singh, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Hritik Kumar Singh, Ajay Mahaputra Kumar, Gyanendra Kumar Singh
The population increases demand for plastic in every sector along with single-use plastic rapidly increasing, but it still has a low recycling rate. The use of plastic in the form of brick is challenging and overall has a better impact on the ecosystem, economy, and industrial revolution. In this paper, a study has been done of the available research work on plastic bricks from different plastic waste materials. It discusses the processes used to make bricks from plastic waste materials, the possibility of contamination from the waste materials utilized, the lack of pertinent standards, and the public adoption of waste materials-based bricks. Furthermore, it focused on research and development required for the widespread production and use of bricks made from waste materials, not only in terms of technical, economic, and environmental considerations but also in terms of standardization, governmental policy, and public awareness of waste recycling and sustainable development. It has been observed from the study that PET has mostly recycled plastic with greater efficiency compared to other plastics. However, worldwide global production is followed by PE, PVC, and PP. PET has only 5% contribution to the global recycling of plastics.
{"title":"Utilization of Plastic Waste for Developing Composite Bricks and Enhancing Mechanical Properties: A Review on Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Aditya Singh, A. Srivastava, G. Singh, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Hritik Kumar Singh, Ajay Mahaputra Kumar, Gyanendra Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1155/2023/6867755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6867755","url":null,"abstract":"The population increases demand for plastic in every sector along with single-use plastic rapidly increasing, but it still has a low recycling rate. The use of plastic in the form of brick is challenging and overall has a better impact on the ecosystem, economy, and industrial revolution. In this paper, a study has been done of the available research work on plastic bricks from different plastic waste materials. It discusses the processes used to make bricks from plastic waste materials, the possibility of contamination from the waste materials utilized, the lack of pertinent standards, and the public adoption of waste materials-based bricks. Furthermore, it focused on research and development required for the widespread production and use of bricks made from waste materials, not only in terms of technical, economic, and environmental considerations but also in terms of standardization, governmental policy, and public awareness of waste recycling and sustainable development. It has been observed from the study that PET has mostly recycled plastic with greater efficiency compared to other plastics. However, worldwide global production is followed by PE, PVC, and PP. PET has only 5% contribution to the global recycling of plastics.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42353929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to improve the flame retardancy of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and maintain its excellent foamability, nanosilica (nano-SiO2), and zinc diethyl hypophosphite (ZDP) were selected as synergistic flame retardants, and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) was used as a chain extender to carry out flame retardant and chain extension modification of PET simultaneously. The flame retardancy and flame-retardant mechanism of modified PET were characterized by limiting oxygen index, vertical combustion test, thermogravimetric analysis, and SEM. Dynamic rheological test and DSC were used to analyze the rheological and thermal properties. The foaming ability was also studied by batch foaming experiments. The test results indicated that nano-SiO2 and ZDP had a synergistic effect, which could significantly improve flame retardancy of PET. The vertical combustible grade of modified PET reached V-0 grade, and the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% to about 30%. The role of nano-SiO2 on the flame retardancy of PET was mainly to increase compactness and strength of the carbon layer, which could block combustible gas produced by the pyrolysis of PET and resist dripping behavior. At the same time, the addition of nano-SiO2 increased the crystallization temperature and crystallinity of PET. Otherwise, nano-SiO2 could act as a bubble-nucleating agent and improve the foaming ability of modified PET. When the addition amount was 1 wt%, not only did the maximum foaming ratio increase but the foaming temperature zone was also widened from 225°C-235°C to 225°C-250°C. Finally, a flame-retardant PET system with good foaming property was proposed.
{"title":"The Synergy of Nanosilica and Zinc Diethyl Hypophosphite Influences the Flame Retardancy and Foaming Performance of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)","authors":"Jiaxin Zheng, Congxiao Wang, Yuyin Zhao, Meng-Hao Guo, Yadong He, C. Xin","doi":"10.1155/2023/4319998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4319998","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the flame retardancy of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and maintain its excellent foamability, nanosilica (nano-SiO2), and zinc diethyl hypophosphite (ZDP) were selected as synergistic flame retardants, and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) was used as a chain extender to carry out flame retardant and chain extension modification of PET simultaneously. The flame retardancy and flame-retardant mechanism of modified PET were characterized by limiting oxygen index, vertical combustion test, thermogravimetric analysis, and SEM. Dynamic rheological test and DSC were used to analyze the rheological and thermal properties. The foaming ability was also studied by batch foaming experiments. The test results indicated that nano-SiO2 and ZDP had a synergistic effect, which could significantly improve flame retardancy of PET. The vertical combustible grade of modified PET reached V-0 grade, and the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% to about 30%. The role of nano-SiO2 on the flame retardancy of PET was mainly to increase compactness and strength of the carbon layer, which could block combustible gas produced by the pyrolysis of PET and resist dripping behavior. At the same time, the addition of nano-SiO2 increased the crystallization temperature and crystallinity of PET. Otherwise, nano-SiO2 could act as a bubble-nucleating agent and improve the foaming ability of modified PET. When the addition amount was 1 wt%, not only did the maximum foaming ratio increase but the foaming temperature zone was also widened from 225°C-235°C to 225°C-250°C. Finally, a flame-retardant PET system with good foaming property was proposed.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the emerging modern technology of additive manufacturing, the need for optimization can be found in literature in many places. Additive manufacturing (AM) is making an object layer by layer directly from digital data. Previous works of literature have classified additive manufacturing processes into seven types. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review describing the optimization challenges and opportunities in the material extrusion process (polymer technology) and also the need for FDM polymer materials application in impeller making. In this review paper, a specific optimization method called multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) from the mathematical programming technique used in additive manufacturing polymer technology (AMPT) is discussed. The other topics such as different types of optimization techniques, applications of different MCDM tools and their applications in different fields including AM, and the optimization challenges and opportunities in AMPT particularly impeller application are discussed.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing Polymer Technology: A Review Based on Optimization Perspective","authors":"S. Raja, A. John Rajan","doi":"10.1155/2023/8639185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8639185","url":null,"abstract":"In the emerging modern technology of additive manufacturing, the need for optimization can be found in literature in many places. Additive manufacturing (AM) is making an object layer by layer directly from digital data. Previous works of literature have classified additive manufacturing processes into seven types. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review describing the optimization challenges and opportunities in the material extrusion process (polymer technology) and also the need for FDM polymer materials application in impeller making. In this review paper, a specific optimization method called multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) from the mathematical programming technique used in additive manufacturing polymer technology (AMPT) is discussed. The other topics such as different types of optimization techniques, applications of different MCDM tools and their applications in different fields including AM, and the optimization challenges and opportunities in AMPT particularly impeller application are discussed.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41458606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingxian Zhao, Shijie Cai, Xiaolu Chen, Hao-hao Ren, Yonggang Yan
In this work, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) containing carboxyl group was synthesized and used to prepare PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN and composites with high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, low dielectric constant, and low dielectric loss were prepared with boron nitride/aluminum nitride (BN/AlN) and glass fiber (LGF). The results showed that the introduction of carboxyl groups did not affect the structure and thermal properties of PPS. The composites exhibited good mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 65 MPa~97 MPa and flexural strength of 112 MPa~154 MPa. The TGA results showed that the composites had good thermal stability, and the T5% of PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN (20) and PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (20) reached up to 511.6°C and 506.3°C, respectively. They were insoluble in some organic solvents, such as NMP and DMF at room temperature, and they exhibited excellent chemical resistance. The dielectric performance results showed that with the increase of frequency, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss gradually decreased, the dielectric constant of PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (15) was 3.9, and the dielectric loss of PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (15) was 0.01. From the above results, it can be concluded that the composite materials PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN and PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN have potential application prospects in the field of 5G high thermal conductivity materials.
{"title":"Preparation and Properties of Boron Nitride or Aluminum Nitride Reinforced Glass Fiber/Modified Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites","authors":"Jingxian Zhao, Shijie Cai, Xiaolu Chen, Hao-hao Ren, Yonggang Yan","doi":"10.1155/2023/7484634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7484634","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) containing carboxyl group was synthesized and used to prepare PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN and composites with high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, low dielectric constant, and low dielectric loss were prepared with boron nitride/aluminum nitride (BN/AlN) and glass fiber (LGF). The results showed that the introduction of carboxyl groups did not affect the structure and thermal properties of PPS. The composites exhibited good mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 65 MPa~97 MPa and flexural strength of 112 MPa~154 MPa. The TGA results showed that the composites had good thermal stability, and the T5% of PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN (20) and PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (20) reached up to 511.6°C and 506.3°C, respectively. They were insoluble in some organic solvents, such as NMP and DMF at room temperature, and they exhibited excellent chemical resistance. The dielectric performance results showed that with the increase of frequency, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss gradually decreased, the dielectric constant of PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (15) was 3.9, and the dielectric loss of PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (15) was 0.01. From the above results, it can be concluded that the composite materials PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN and PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN have potential application prospects in the field of 5G high thermal conductivity materials.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41442886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mustafa, S. Raja, Layth Abdulrasool A. L. Asadi, N. Jamadon, N. Rajeswari, Avvaru Praveen Kumar
Pipes are manufactured primarily through the extrusion process. One of the material extrusion processes in recent digital manufacturing is additive manufacturing’s fusion deposition modeling. Pipes are made from various materials such as metal and plastic/polymers, and the main challenge has been in selecting the pipe material for the customized application. For the creation of water-passing tubes, this research has chosen appropriate carbon-reinforced polymers that can be used with filament made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). For this goal, the analytical hierarchy process, also known as the AHP, is used to choose the best material based on factors such as cost, temperature resistance, printing speed, and mechanical properties of the material. The results revealed that PEEK-CF is a better material for the customized impeller application than PETG-CF. The PEEK-CF obtains the higher priority value of 0.6363, and the PETG-CF obtains 0.2791. This decision-making technique can be used to select other comparable customized applications.
{"title":"A Decision-Making Carbon Reinforced Material Selection Model for Composite Polymers in Pipeline Applications","authors":"M. Mustafa, S. Raja, Layth Abdulrasool A. L. Asadi, N. Jamadon, N. Rajeswari, Avvaru Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1155/2023/6344193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6344193","url":null,"abstract":"Pipes are manufactured primarily through the extrusion process. One of the material extrusion processes in recent digital manufacturing is additive manufacturing’s fusion deposition modeling. Pipes are made from various materials such as metal and plastic/polymers, and the main challenge has been in selecting the pipe material for the customized application. For the creation of water-passing tubes, this research has chosen appropriate carbon-reinforced polymers that can be used with filament made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). For this goal, the analytical hierarchy process, also known as the AHP, is used to choose the best material based on factors such as cost, temperature resistance, printing speed, and mechanical properties of the material. The results revealed that PEEK-CF is a better material for the customized impeller application than PETG-CF. The PEEK-CF obtains the higher priority value of 0.6363, and the PETG-CF obtains 0.2791. This decision-making technique can be used to select other comparable customized applications.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41270998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is aimed at producing a biofoam cup made from sugarcane bagasse with tempeh mold (Rhizopus oligosporus). Soybean flour (SF) was added to promote the growth of mycelia, which could bind the bagasse fiber matrix. The main materials were whole bagasse (B) and depithed bagasse (DB). The SF weight ratios to bagasse were 1 : 1 (SF1) and 1.5 : 1 (SF1.5). Therefore, the studied specimens were labeled B-SF1, DB-SF1, B-SF1.5, and DB-SF1.5. All biofoam cups were analyzed for their physical properties (water absorption and porosity), mechanical properties (puncture and compressive strengths), biodegradability, and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis). The lowest water absorption rates were obtained from the B biofoam cups ( 23 % ± 2.45 % ) and the SF1.5 biofoam cups ( 25.83 % ± 5.19 % ). Both B-SF1 and B-SF1.5 had lower porosity ( 8.72 % ± 0.88 % and 10.77 % ± 1.54 % , respectively) than the DB biofoam cups. Moreover, the B biofoam cups had smoother biofoam surfaces, smaller voids, and lower porosity compared with the DB samples. However, the DB biofoam cups showed the highest puncture strength ( 2.95 ± 0.37 kg cm−2) among all samples. Nevertheless, the B-SF1.5 biofoam cup had the highest compressive strength ( 3.98 ± 0.39 MPa) and the DB-SF1.5 exhibited the slowest degradation rate ( 27 % ± 0.7 % ) after 14 days of soil burial. The highest thermal stability was obtained from B-SF1.5, which had a thermal degradation temperature of 264°C. Overall, B-SF1.5 had the smoothest surface, good thermal stability, and high compressive strength.
以甘蔗渣为原料，利用豆豉霉(根霉寡孢霉)制备生物泡沫杯。添加大豆粉促进菌丝体生长，菌丝体与甘蔗渣纤维基质结合。主要原料为全甘蔗渣(B)和深度甘蔗渣(DB)。SF与甘蔗渣的质量比分别为1:1 (SF1)和1.5:1 (SF1.5)。因此，所研究的标本被标记为B-SF1、DB-SF1、B-SF1.5和DB-SF1.5。分析了所有生物泡沫杯的物理性能(吸水率和孔隙率)、机械性能(穿刺和抗压强度)、生物降解性和热性能(热重分析)。B型生物泡沫杯吸水率最低(23%±2.45%)，SF1.5型生物泡沫杯吸水率最低(25.83%±5.19%)。B-SF1和B-SF1.5的孔隙率均低于DB生物泡沫杯(分别为8.72%±0.88%和10.77%±1.54%)。此外，与DB样品相比，B生物泡沫杯具有更光滑的生物泡沫表面，更小的空隙和更低的孔隙率。然而，DB生物泡沫杯在所有样品中表现出最高的穿刺强度(2.95±0.37 kg cm−2)。然而，B-SF1.5生物泡沫杯在14天后的抗压强度最高(3.98±0.39 MPa)，而DB-SF1.5的降解率最低(27%±0.7%)。B-SF1.5的热稳定性最高，热降解温度为264℃。总体而言，B-SF1.5表面光滑，热稳定性好，抗压强度高。
{"title":"Characteristics of Biofoam Cups Made from Sugarcane Bagasse with Rhizopus oligosporus as Binding Agent","authors":"E. Indarti, S. Muliani, D. Yunita","doi":"10.1155/2023/8257317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8257317","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at producing a biofoam cup made from sugarcane bagasse with tempeh mold (Rhizopus oligosporus). Soybean flour (SF) was added to promote the growth of mycelia, which could bind the bagasse fiber matrix. The main materials were whole bagasse (B) and depithed bagasse (DB). The SF weight ratios to bagasse were 1 : 1 (SF1) and 1.5 : 1 (SF1.5). Therefore, the studied specimens were labeled B-SF1, DB-SF1, B-SF1.5, and DB-SF1.5. All biofoam cups were analyzed for their physical properties (water absorption and porosity), mechanical properties (puncture and compressive strengths), biodegradability, and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis). The lowest water absorption rates were obtained from the B biofoam cups (\u0000 \u0000 23\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 2.45\u0000 %\u0000 \u0000 ) and the SF1.5 biofoam cups (\u0000 \u0000 25.83\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 5.19\u0000 %\u0000 \u0000 ). Both B-SF1 and B-SF1.5 had lower porosity (\u0000 \u0000 8.72\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 0.88\u0000 %\u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 10.77\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 1.54\u0000 %\u0000 \u0000 , respectively) than the DB biofoam cups. Moreover, the B biofoam cups had smoother biofoam surfaces, smaller voids, and lower porosity compared with the DB samples. However, the DB biofoam cups showed the highest puncture strength (\u0000 \u0000 2.95\u0000 ±\u0000 0.37\u0000 \u0000 kg cm−2) among all samples. Nevertheless, the B-SF1.5 biofoam cup had the highest compressive strength (\u0000 \u0000 3.98\u0000 ±\u0000 0.39\u0000 \u0000 MPa) and the DB-SF1.5 exhibited the slowest degradation rate (\u0000 \u0000 27\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 0.7\u0000 %\u0000 \u0000 ) after 14 days of soil burial. The highest thermal stability was obtained from B-SF1.5, which had a thermal degradation temperature of 264°C. Overall, B-SF1.5 had the smoothest surface, good thermal stability, and high compressive strength.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47885776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymeric and plastic materials currently have numerous positive impacts due to their unique properties that make them important for various engineering applications. However, sustainability is a vital factor that should be considered, because of environmental issues. Eggshells (ES) are an important way to reduce the impact of nondegradable materials when applied to reinforce different types of polymer matrices, whether natural or synthetic polymers. Therefore, this study is an attempt to explore the potential application of waste eggshell fillers for the first time as a natural reinforcement in polyamide 12 (PA) composites. PA was loaded with three different ratios (3, 5, and 10 wt. %) of eggshell powder. Morphological studies of the PA powder, ES powder, and their composites were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were performed to study the thermal and chemical properties of the raw materials and the produced composites. The results indicate ES fillers’ potential usage as a reinforcement material to develop the thermal and chemical properties of the PA polymer matrix composites, thereby reducing costs and minimizing the environmental pollution caused by waste eggshells and petroleum-based polymers.
{"title":"Studying the Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Waste Eggshell Powder","authors":"Wasan A. Alkaron, Sameer F. Hamad, M. Sabri","doi":"10.1155/2023/7640478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7640478","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric and plastic materials currently have numerous positive impacts due to their unique properties that make them important for various engineering applications. However, sustainability is a vital factor that should be considered, because of environmental issues. Eggshells (ES) are an important way to reduce the impact of nondegradable materials when applied to reinforce different types of polymer matrices, whether natural or synthetic polymers. Therefore, this study is an attempt to explore the potential application of waste eggshell fillers for the first time as a natural reinforcement in polyamide 12 (PA) composites. PA was loaded with three different ratios (3, 5, and 10 wt. %) of eggshell powder. Morphological studies of the PA powder, ES powder, and their composites were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were performed to study the thermal and chemical properties of the raw materials and the produced composites. The results indicate ES fillers’ potential usage as a reinforcement material to develop the thermal and chemical properties of the PA polymer matrix composites, thereby reducing costs and minimizing the environmental pollution caused by waste eggshells and petroleum-based polymers.","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42006861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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