Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities最新文献

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines reproductive health as the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive Justice is the complete physical, mental, spiritual, political, social, and economic wellbeing of women and girls, based on the full achievement and protection of women's human rights. While these concepts are similar, the latter was an approach that grew out of the need to better articulate the language and realities of women of color as it related to sexual and reproductive health issues. The current U.S. reproductive health agenda is polarized to a choice or abortion issue without any alignment to other issues that predominantly impact women of color within the reproductive health framework. This article acknowledges the history and challenges of reproductive health and rights, while offering a non-polarized, more inclusive ethical course of action, using an optimal health approach with new alliances for the reproductive justice movement today.

The age range 45-64 covers a life-stage when ideally, health status is reasonably manageable. However, this life-stage also poses health risks, which may lead to diseases, illnesses, dysfunctions, disabilities and early death. In fact, over the last three years, life expectancy among non-Hispanic white men has decreased. The opportunity to synergize ethics, health and well-being at the individual and group/community level is also highlighted. Various sphere of ethics and how they impact on individual, group/community well-being strategically, infuses ethics into health and health care conversations. Difficult term to operationalize like well-being, health, ethics and healing are deliberated. The phrase "70 is the new 50" reflects an importance opportunity to discuss what it means to be middle age and be healthy. There are health threats created by social and environment injustices and food deserts which are important considerations influencing health. The concept of Optimal Health, as a group strategy to advance health, particularly for people of African descent, details five group domains: optimal physical, emotional, social-economic, intellectual, and spiritual health. Optimal Health translated into individual behavior also has five health promotion principles that are detailed in the article. Synergizing Optimal Health, at the group/community level, with the five Health Promotion Principles, at the individual level, is the ideal journey toward individual and group/community well-being. Persons ages 45-64 are poised to combine the wisdom gained from their lived experiences, with the knowledge acquired from their positive or negative interfaces with the health delivery system, are generously available to achieve Optimal Health. The article concludes by discussing the Ancient African Imhotep, True Father of Medicine, 2980 B.C.E.

Oral and systemic health constitute overall health. In recent years, dentists and physicians have acknowledged the relationship between these two areas of health. There are oral and systemic diseases that have similar risk factors. Fresh fruits and vegetables enhance oral and systemic health and the lack of these food products in the diet adversely affects both aspects of health. The availability, accessibility and acceptability of fresh fruits and vegetables were all assessed in Macon County, Alabama, using an observational research method. A Likert scale (1-4) was used to assess color, texture and smell of fresh fruits and vegetables. Within Macon County there are three grocery stores with the highest quality of fresh fruits and vegetables being in the town of Notasulga. With lack of availability, accessibility and acceptability of fresh fruits and vegetables in Macon County, residents are at a higher risk of experiencing adverse health outcomes. Strategies are needed to increase the factors that contribute to the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables if overall health are expected to improve.

This article examines the challenges of being young and black in America. In the United States, African Americans have historically suffered from systemic discrimination. Such discrimination deprived them of fundamental rights such as the right to vote. Although African Americans are no longer denied the right to vote based solely on race, the future of the black vote remains threatened by the criminalization of African American youth. African American youths are increasing alienated from systems that are supposed to help them. They are excessively disciplined in schools and disproportionately incarcerated, resulting in the New Jim Crow. This article recounts some of the reasons why and what can be done to address these problems.

The purposes of the present analysis are twofold: 1) to assess the extent to which African Americans that are living with HIV subscribe to conspiracy beliefs about antiretroviral medications for HIV/AIDS; and 2) ascertain the differences, if any, between men, women and educational attainment regarding these beliefs. Findings indicate that over one-third (36.6%) somewhat or strongly agreed that "people who take the new medicines for HIV/AIDS are human guinea pigs for the government," while 28.8% somewhat or strongly endorsed the statement that "the medicine that doctors prescribe to treat HIV is poison." One quarter of all the respondents endorsed the belief that "the medicine used to treat HIV causes people to get AIDS" (25.3%). Patients who were high school or beyond high school graduates were less likely than their peers with less education to endorse belief about HIV treatments. The calculated effect sizes confirm education's effect is meaningful in this sample. There are no gender differences in belief about HIV treatments.

Partnership is a much-venerated concept and is regularly applied to a broad range of human endeavors, as both a means to an end and the desired end itself. For example, to promote the public's health many programs often rely on partnerships between institutions and communities to implement interventions. Yet despite their generally positive value, partnerships are not without challenges. Unfortunately there are times when a given partnership does not advance a common good, as illustrated by the U.S Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, Alabama (the Syphilis Study), which lasted forty years. However, despite this tragic history, by employing the principles of authentic partnership, the relationships between the federal government, Tuskegee University, and the affected communities are experiencing transformation. By collaboratively working together these partners are able to effectively promote and support ethical public health research and practice.

This review article will examine differences and similarities of constructivism and behaviorism to determine the best method(s) to teach pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, elementary and secondary students with special needs. Some educators may use constructivism methods and others may use behaviorism methods to teach students with special needs. Others are unsure what methods to use and decide it may be best to integrate the two.