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Vertical Single-Effect Diffusion Solar Still Coupled with a Tilted Wick Still: An Experimental Study 垂直单效应扩散太阳蒸馏器与倾斜灯芯蒸馏器耦合的实验研究
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/84-01
Mohd Zaheen Khan
A single-effect diffusion still, instead of a multiple-effect diffusion (MED) still, combined with a tilted wick (TW) still was investigated experimentally under actual weather conditions to investigate whether the natural convection can transport the vapor from the TW still to an MED still adequately. It was found that the single-effect still can be heated by vapor from the TW still and solar radiation absorbed on the single-effect still. From the experiments in summer and autumn, it was found that a MED still can be heated in both seasons whether the MED still absorbs solar radiation directly or not. The experimental results agreed with the calculation results. The total daily amount of distillate, Σmd,total, did not correlate with the daily horizontal solar radiation, ΣGday, but strongly correlated with daily solar radiation incident on the still, ΣGstill. The maximum of Σmd,total obtained in experiments was about 4.88 kg/m day when ΣGday and ΣGstill were 13.6 and 18.4 MJ/m day, respectively
在实际天气条件下,用单效扩散蒸馏器代替多效扩散(MED)蒸馏器,结合倾斜灯芯(TW)蒸馏器进行了实验研究,以考察自然对流能否充分地将蒸汽从TW蒸馏器输送到倾斜灯芯蒸馏器。发现单效蒸馏器可以被TW蒸馏器产生的蒸汽和单效蒸馏器吸收的太阳辐射加热。从夏季和秋季的实验中发现,无论MED是否直接吸收太阳辐射,MED在两个季节都仍然可以加热。实验结果与计算结果吻合。蒸馏液的日总用量Σmd与日水平太阳辐射ΣGday无关,但与蒸馏器上的日太阳辐射ΣGstill密切相关。当ΣGday和ΣGstill分别为13.6和18.4 MJ/m d时,试验得到的Σmd,total最大值约为4.88 kg/m d
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引用次数: 0
Creation of Two Charginos and Neutralino Via Different Propagators 通过不同的传播子产生两个带电子和中性子
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/84-02
H. Zainab.A., A. Asmaa.A., M. M. Ahmed
We investigated the creation of two Charginos ( (cid:1)(cid:2) ± ) and neutralino ( (cid:1)(cid:2) (cid:4) ) owing to electron-positron annihilation via the process (cid:5) (cid:6) (cid:7)(cid:8) (cid:9) (cid:10) + (cid:5) (cid:12) (cid:7)(cid:8) (cid:13) (cid:10) → (cid:1)(cid:2) (cid:15)(cid:6) (cid:7)(cid:8) (cid:16) (cid:10) + (cid:1)(cid:2) (cid:17)(cid:12) (cid:7)(cid:8) (cid:18) (cid:10) + (cid:1)(cid:2) ℓ° (cid:7)(cid:8) (cid:21) (cid:10) and estimated the cross section for this interaction in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). There are three gatherings of Feynman graphs which taken by the sorts of the propagators. Group (I) when (cid:1)(cid:2) and (cid:4) boson are propagators, Group (II) when (cid:1)(cid:2) (cid:4) and h (cid:4) (lighter Higgs boson) propagators and Group (III) (cid:1)(cid:2) (cid:4) and H (cid:4) Higgs boson) propagators, (cid:10) in group III At S interval (1000- 2100) Gev, the best value of σ is (cid:7) 0.072 (cid:10) Pb in-group (I). When masses of Charginos are m /0 12 = 700 GeV , m /0 67 = 700GeV and mass of neutralino is m 8(cid:2) ℓ9 = 800 GeV
我们调查的创建两个Charginos (cid: 1) (cid: 2)±)和中性伴子((cid): 1) (cid: 2) (cid: 4)由于电子-正电子湮灭通过过程(cid: 5) (cid: 6) (cid: 7) (cid: 8) (cid: 9) (cid: 10) + (cid: 5) (cid: 12) (cid: 7) (cid: 8) (cid: 13) (cid: 10)→(cid): 1) (cid: 2) (cid: 15) (cid: 6) (cid: 7) (cid: 8) (cid: 16) (cid: 10) + (cid): 1) (cid: 2) (cid: 17) (cid: 12) (cid: 7) (cid: 8) (cid: 18) (cid: 10) + (cid): 1) (cid: 2)ℓ°(cid: 7) (cid: 8) (cid: 21) (cid: 10)和估计的横截面最小超对称标准模型(MSSM)中的相互作用。费曼图有三种集合它们是由各种传播子组成的。集团(我)时(cid): 1) (cid: 2)和(cid: 4)玻色子是繁殖专家,集团(II)时(cid): 1) (cid: 2) (cid: 4)和h (cid: 4)(轻希格斯玻色子)繁殖专家和组(3)(cid): 1) (cid: 2) (cid: 4)和h (cid: 4)希格斯玻色子)繁殖专家,在第三组(cid: 10)年代间隔(1000 - 2100)Gev,最好的σ值(cid: 7) 0.072 (cid: 10) Pb群体(我)。当大量Charginos m / 0 12 = 700 Gev, m / 0 67 = 700 Gev和中性伴子的质量是m 8 (cid: 2)ℓ9 = 800 Gev
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引用次数: 0
Scattering Effects of Residential Trees on Very Hugh Frequency Radio Wave Propagation 住宅树木对甚高频无线电波传播的散射效应
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/83-11
Adewumi Adebayo Segun, Adewumi Hope Kofoworola, F. Chizea, Ayantunji Gbenro, Benjamin, Ajani Sunday Adegbenro
Modeling of attenuation of Very High Frequency radio signal in residential environment can be very tedious as the channels are rarely characterized by vegetation of the same variety. This work focus on path loss measurement and attenuation modeling of the coherent scattered field intensity of VHF as it propagates through Mango and Jathropha trees. The two separate trees were illuminated uniformly with 2.15dBi dipole antenna connected to 60W transmitter while 1.7dBi short dipole connected to GSP-730 Spectrum Analyzer was used for reception. Path loss due to each canopy were estimated relative to the scattering angles. Dry-matter fraction of the leave were determined using sensitive weigh balance and corresponding effective dielectric properties of the leaves and branches peculiar to each tree were estimated using semi-empirical formula. Specific attenuation models were developed separately for the two trees relative to dielectric properties of each tree leaves and branches. The results show that path loss due to single Mango tree canopy ranges from 100dB to 140dB and that of Jathropha ranges from 95dB to 135dB. The results also show that total specific attenuation of the two trees depends on frequency, wavelength and dielectric properties of the canopies constituents
住宅环境中特高频无线电信号的衰减建模是非常繁琐的,因为信道中很少有相同种类的植被。本文主要研究了VHF在芒果树和麻疯树中传播的相干散射场强的路径损耗测量和衰减建模。用2.15dBi偶极子天线连接60W发射机均匀照射两棵独立的树,用1.7dBi短偶极子连接GSP-730频谱分析仪进行接收。根据散射角估算了各冠层的路径损耗。利用敏感称重法测定叶片干物质含量,利用半经验公式估计各树种特有的叶片和枝条的有效介电特性。针对两棵树的叶片和树枝的介电特性,分别建立了具体的衰减模型。结果表明,单株芒果树树冠造成的路径损耗在100dB ~ 140dB之间,桐树树冠造成的路径损耗在95dB ~ 135dB之间。结果还表明,两棵树的总比衰减取决于树冠成分的频率、波长和介电性质
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引用次数: 1
Radiological Hazard Indices in Federal University of Lafia (FULafia), Nasarawa State. 纳萨拉瓦州拉菲亚联邦大学(FULafia)的辐射危害指数。
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/83-10
Bello A. Aisha, Zahra Liman, Olorunsola Abel Keneth Ogbo, A. Hassan
An assessment of radiological hazard indices from background radiation exposure was carried out in FULafia using a Mobile GPS for locational coordinates and a Ludlum radiation meter. Holding the survey meter 1 m above the ground level in the exposure mode, a total of 71 sample points comprising of indoor and outdoor locations in Takeoff site (TS) and permanent site (PS) of the University was used for exposure measurement. Result showed that the indoor and outdoor mean absorbed dose is (136.51±7.46) nGyh -1 and (131.26 ± 2.09) nGyh -1 respectively. The total indoor and outdoor average values for annual effective absorbed dose equivalent (AEDE), Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and AEDE to organ was found to be (0.81 ± 0.02) mSvy -1 , (2.84 ± 0.07) x 10 -3 , and (0.35 ± 0.01) mSvy -1 . These values when compared with UNSCEAR limit of radiological indices for the general public where higher but lower when compared with ICRP limit of 1 mSvy -1 thus; there is no health concern due to the exposure from background ionizing radiation in FULafia, Nasarawa state.
在FULafia使用移动GPS作为位置坐标和Ludlum辐射计对背景辐射暴露的辐射危害指数进行了评估。在暴露模式下,将测量仪置于离地1米的高度,在学校起飞点(TS)和永久点(PS)的室内和室外共71个采样点进行暴露测量。结果表明,室内和室外的平均吸收剂量分别为(136.51±7.46)nGyh -1和(131.26±2.09)nGyh -1。室内、室外年有效吸收剂量当量(AEDE)、超额终身癌症危险度(ELCR)和AEDE对器官的总平均值分别为(0.81±0.02)mSvy -1、(2.84±0.07)× 10 -3和(0.35±0.01)mSvy -1。这些数值与UNSCEAR对一般公众的放射指数限值相比较高,但与ICRP的1毫西维-1限值相比较低;在纳萨拉瓦州FULafia,没有因本底电离辐射照射而引起的健康问题。
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引用次数: 0
DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR ELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING BY A CALCIUM ATOM AT LOW ENERGY RANGE. 钙原子在低能区弹性电子散射的微分截面。
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/83-09
P. Kinyanjui, W. Ndeke, J. Okumu, C. Singh
In this study the distorted wave method was applied in calculation of the differential cross sections (DCS) for elastic scattering of electron by a calcium atom at electron impact energies of 10, 15, 20, and 40 eV. At lower incident energies, 10, 15, and 20 eV the present DCS results are not in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental results. However, at 40 eV the present DCS results are in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental results. Key words : Cross-sections, distortion potential, distorted wave, static potential and spherical harmonics. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/83-09 Publication date: September 29 th 2020
本文应用畸变波法计算了钙原子在电子冲击能为10、15、20和40 eV时弹性散射电子的微分截面(DCS)。在较低的入射能量下,即10、15和20 eV,本DCS的结果与其他理论和实验结果不太一致。然而,在40 eV下,目前的DCS结果与其他理论和实验结果吻合得很好。关键词:截面,畸变势,畸变波,静势,球面谐波。DOI: 10.7176/APTA/83-09出版日期:2020年9月29日
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引用次数: 0
The Radius of Electron 电子半径
Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/83-07
E. David
: One electron inside neutron's system divides its 2.2 Mev energy between its proton in this system and another proton forming deuteron nucleus, and two electrons with negative and positive charges forming gamma ray that separated the neutron from the proton in deuteron nucleus experimentally. Using our universal constant U, we can determine 1-the radius of neutron nucleus in the first state as the basic nuclear radius in the universe according to the well known historical result of Rutherford, and 2-Determine, for the first time, the radius of the electron in the second state.
中子系统中的一个电子将其2.2 Mev的能量分配给该系统中的质子和另一个质子形成氘核,两个带负电荷和正电荷的电子形成伽马射线,实验上将氘核中的中子和质子分离。利用我们的通用常数U,我们可以根据众所周知的卢瑟福的历史结果,确定1-第一状态的中子核半径作为宇宙中的基本核半径,2-第一次确定第二状态的电子半径。
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引用次数: 1
Estimation of land surface Temperature of Maiduguri Metropolitan Area: A Case Study of Jere & some part of Mafa using Landsat 8 Operational Land Image (OLI) 基于Landsat 8 Operational land Image (OLI)的迈杜古里大都市区地表温度估算——以Jere和马法部分地区为例
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/83-06
M. K. Salihu, A. Aliyu, A. Hayatu, R. O. Amusat, Samaila Hassan
Estimation of land surface Temperature of Maiduguri Metropolitan Area: A Case Study of Jere & some part of Mafa using Landsat 8 Operational Land Image (OLI) the research revealedmean solar radiance as 10.54 W/m 2 /str/μm the calculated minimum and maximum NDVI values are respectively -0.01674 and 0.5489, used to obtain proportion to vegetation which is then used to determine the emmissivity of the area having minimum emmissivity of 0.986 and maximum of 0.99, the minimum and maximum land surface temperature of Maiduguri Metropolitan areas are respectively 41.16 o C and 26.11 o C. KEY WORDS :- Landsat 8 satellite images, Temperature, Solar Radiance and Emmissivity DOI : 10.7176/APTA/83-06 Publication date: March 31 st , 2020
迈杜古里大都市区地表温度的估算利用Landsat 8 Operational Land Image (OLI)对Jere和Mafa部分地区进行研究,研究发现平均太阳辐照度为10.54 W/ m2 /str/μm,计算出的最小值和最大值NDVI分别为-0.01674和0.5489,用于获得与植被的比例,然后用于确定最小和最大发射率分别为0.986和0.99的区域的发射率。关键词:- Landsat 8卫星图像,温度,太阳辐射率和发射率DOI: 10.7176/APTA/83-06发布日期:2020年3月31日
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引用次数: 0
Interactions of Axion Photons in Magnetised Media 磁化介质中轴子光子的相互作用
Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/83-01
E. Umoren, J. Atat, Augustine A. Umoh, I. Essien, Cyril C. Umoren, A. Antia
We have compared between the standard model and generational model of particle physics. By means of a special Lagrangian function we consider the interaction of photon axions in both magnetic field and magnetic medium. We also present a polynomial in powers of the external magnetic field with even and odd powers .... DOI : 10.7176/APTA/83-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
我们比较了粒子物理学的标准模型和分代模型。利用一个特殊的拉格朗日函数,我们考虑了光子轴子在磁场和磁介质中的相互作用。我们也给出了一个具有奇偶幂的外磁场幂的多项式....DOI: 10.7176/APTA/83-01出版日期:2月29日2020
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引用次数: 0
The Study on Effect of Carbon© on the Electronic Structure of MgBXC(x = 1, 2) 碳©对MgBXC(x = 1,2)电子结构影响的研究
Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/83-03
M. A. Afrassa
In this work first principle study on electronic structure calculations for MgBC, and MgB 2 C is presented. The density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in Quantum-ESPRESSO was used. The band structure and density of state (DOS) is compared with the already reported MgB 2 . It is clearly observed that the presence of Carbon in both compounds change the Fermi level and the hole bands. In MgB 2 C the Fermi level is higher than MgBC that results in suppression of Tc in MgB 2 C. In MgBC the hole band shifted up from gamma to X direction and this may improve superconductivity of the material. Comparison of the DOS at the Fermi level reveals that  MgBC has the highest value (0.9424 state/cell/ev). Using reasonable approximations, the calculated Tc values are, 27.07k and 41.09k for MgB2C and MgBC respectively. This suggests that Carbon(C) has a better contribution than Boron(B) and MgBC is a good candidate for high Tc. Keywords : Superconductivity, Band structure, Density of state(DOS), Density Functional theory(DFT) DOI : 10.7176/APTA/83-03 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
本文对MgBC和mgb2c的电子结构计算进行了第一性原理研究。采用了Quantum-ESPRESSO中实现的密度泛函理论(DFT)。将其能带结构和态密度(DOS)与已有报道的mgb2进行了比较。可以清楚地观察到,两种化合物中碳的存在改变了费米能级和空穴带。在mgb2c中,费米能级高于MgBC,这抑制了mgb2c中的Tc。在MgBC中,空穴带从伽马方向向上移动到X方向,这可能改善了材料的超导性。比较费米能级的DOS,发现MgBC的值最高(0.9424 state/cell/ev)。通过合理的近似计算,MgB2C和MgBC的Tc值分别为27.07k和41.09k。这表明碳(C)比硼(B)有更好的贡献,MgBC是高Tc的良好候选者。关键词:超导,能带结构,态密度(DOS),密度泛函理论(DFT) DOI: 10.7176/APTA/83-03出版日期:2020年2月29日
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引用次数: 0
The Application of 4D Seismic in Niger Delta Basin: A Review 四维地震在尼日尔三角洲盆地的应用综述
Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.7176/apta/83-05
Ayorinde Janet Olaide, Ehinola Olugbenga, Durogbitan A Abimbola
Time-lapse seismic also known as 4D seismic is one of the advanced techniques employed in the oil and gas industry for petroleum production management and monitoring for over 20years. It involves carrying out two or more 3D seismic at different calendar times, before and after production over the same reservoir. We present advances in Time Lapse 3D seismic (also known as 4D seismic) and its application in the Niger Delta basin of Nigeria. Over the years, the technique has been used in Niger Delta to understand reservoir drainage performance, enable better well placement, identifying bypassed oil, detecting fluid communication, understanding of internal architecture of the reservoirs, and locating infill wells for future re-development. 4D seismic has demonstrated its potential and it is fast becoming a standard tool in the oil companies. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/83-05 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
时移地震又称四维地震,是20多年来油气行业用于石油生产管理和监测的先进技术之一。它包括在同一储层的生产前后,在不同的日历时间进行两次或两次以上的三维地震。本文介绍了时移三维地震(又称四维地震)及其在尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲盆地的应用进展。多年来,该技术已在尼日尔三角洲应用,以了解储层排水性能,更好地布置井,识别旁路油,检测流体流动,了解储层内部结构,并为未来的重新开发定位填充井。4D地震已经证明了它的潜力,并迅速成为石油公司的标准工具。DOI: 10.7176/APTA/83-05出版日期:2月29日2020
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引用次数: 0
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Advances in Physics Theories and Applications
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