The aim of this paper is to analyze the squeezing and statistical properties of superposed output coherent and squeezed laser light beams. In order to carry out the analysis, we have obtained the superposition density operator along with the Q functions, we have calculated the mean photon number, the photon number variance and the quadrature variances for the superposed output light beams. It has been found that the mean photon number and quadrature variances of the superposed output light beams are the sum of the mean photon number and quadrature variances of the separate light beams, respectively. In addition, the mean photon number and quadrature squeezing of the superposed output light beams increase with linear gain coefficient. Keywords: Superposed, Squeezing, Density operator, Coherent light, Photon statistics. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/77-03 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"Superposed Output Coherent and Squeezed Laser Light Beams","authors":"Habtamu Dagnaw","doi":"10.7176/apta/77-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/77-03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the squeezing and statistical properties of superposed output coherent and squeezed laser light beams. In order to carry out the analysis, we have obtained the superposition density operator along with the Q functions, we have calculated the mean photon number, the photon number variance and the quadrature variances for the superposed output light beams. It has been found that the mean photon number and quadrature variances of the superposed output light beams are the sum of the mean photon number and quadrature variances of the separate light beams, respectively. In addition, the mean photon number and quadrature squeezing of the superposed output light beams increase with linear gain coefficient. Keywords: Superposed, Squeezing, Density operator, Coherent light, Photon statistics. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/77-03 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73097443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: This research is based on conceptual design of single purpose desalination system by utilizing the Nuclear Energy so that the Sea water can be utilized for the use of industrial and potable purpose. Materials and Methods: The power required for the desalination of 2.6 MGPD is 40 MWth. The fuel used in the nuclear reactor is Uranium Dioxide (UO 2 ) with 3% enrichment. The coolant used is light water (H 2 O) which is also used in the intermediate looping. To slow the fast neutrons to thermal energy, the moderator used is also the light water. Multi-Effect Desalination (MED) process is considered as a process of desalination after analyzing various quality and economic benefits. Results: The fuel was designed and arranged in the core using 4 assemblies with each assembly having a matrix of 15x15 fuel rods. The thermal designed of this study is based on the standards as mentioned by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The core neutronics and thermal parameters resulted in 3% enriched fuel of UO 2 . Conclusion of the Study: On the basis of numerical analysis using the similar conditions the parameters like He layer thickness, cladding thickness of Zircalloy material, length of fuel rods and coolant bulk temperature were adopted. By executing the necessary design calculations, the nuclear reactor design was finalized which is meant only for heating purpose. Keywords: nuclear energy, desalination system, design calculations, fuel rods, MED DOI : 10.7176/APTA/77-05 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"Design of a Nuclear Desalination System - An Abundant Source of Fresh Water","authors":"D. Al-Othmany","doi":"10.7176/apta/77-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/77-05","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: This research is based on conceptual design of single purpose desalination system by utilizing the Nuclear Energy so that the Sea water can be utilized for the use of industrial and potable purpose. Materials and Methods: The power required for the desalination of 2.6 MGPD is 40 MWth. The fuel used in the nuclear reactor is Uranium Dioxide (UO 2 ) with 3% enrichment. The coolant used is light water (H 2 O) which is also used in the intermediate looping. To slow the fast neutrons to thermal energy, the moderator used is also the light water. Multi-Effect Desalination (MED) process is considered as a process of desalination after analyzing various quality and economic benefits. Results: The fuel was designed and arranged in the core using 4 assemblies with each assembly having a matrix of 15x15 fuel rods. The thermal designed of this study is based on the standards as mentioned by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The core neutronics and thermal parameters resulted in 3% enriched fuel of UO 2 . Conclusion of the Study: On the basis of numerical analysis using the similar conditions the parameters like He layer thickness, cladding thickness of Zircalloy material, length of fuel rods and coolant bulk temperature were adopted. By executing the necessary design calculations, the nuclear reactor design was finalized which is meant only for heating purpose. Keywords: nuclear energy, desalination system, design calculations, fuel rods, MED DOI : 10.7176/APTA/77-05 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77732449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent year, alarming rate of natural disasters around the world have demanded the need for operative solution in field of power generation, to control polluted energy sources which are major cause of global warming. Microgrid facilitates penetration of renewable energy sources into the existing distribution systems to reduce the overall carbon footprint of the globe by reducing the dependency on the main grid. Efficient but linear microgrid resource scheduling algorithms are gaining interest in present time due to its simplicity and fast computation. This research paper aims to serve the purposes by designing a mixed integer linear programming based microgrid scheduling problem while various types of scenario, minimize the electricity cost for the utilities also maintain the generation and load balance. The strategy is implemented on a small microgrid to prove its efficacy .In this paper mainly optimal scheduling of microgrid has been done in various scenario, and obtained there global minimum electricity cost to the help of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm. Microgrid is a small scale type of power grid, which provides the energy locally, its offers integration between distributed energy resources and the locally connected loads. Microgrid able to be operated with the main grid and in standalone mode also ability to transitions between these two modes, the mode of operation of microgrid is depends on the system operating condition. The reliability of power grid is improving more when it’s integrated with the Microgrid and works together. Power exchange with the upper stream grid is done through the point of common coupling (PCC). Microgrid having renewable energy resources i.e. PV, Wind and non-renewable energy resources, DG, FC, and MC connected with the Battery storage type system and locally connected loads. So it is a very reliable scenario, main grid with the microgrid, it is more beneficial, economy and stable types of system. Keywords : Optimal Microgrid Scheduling, Linear Programming DOI : 10.7176/APTA/76-05 Publication date :March 31 st 2019
{"title":"A Resilient and Optimal Microgrid Scheduling Portfolio in Linear Programming Platform","authors":"Archana Tamrakar, S. Pandey","doi":"10.7176/apta/76-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/76-05","url":null,"abstract":"In recent year, alarming rate of natural disasters around the world have demanded the need for operative solution in field of power generation, to control polluted energy sources which are major cause of global warming. Microgrid facilitates penetration of renewable energy sources into the existing distribution systems to reduce the overall carbon footprint of the globe by reducing the dependency on the main grid. Efficient but linear microgrid resource scheduling algorithms are gaining interest in present time due to its simplicity and fast computation. This research paper aims to serve the purposes by designing a mixed integer linear programming based microgrid scheduling problem while various types of scenario, minimize the electricity cost for the utilities also maintain the generation and load balance. The strategy is implemented on a small microgrid to prove its efficacy .In this paper mainly optimal scheduling of microgrid has been done in various scenario, and obtained there global minimum electricity cost to the help of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm. Microgrid is a small scale type of power grid, which provides the energy locally, its offers integration between distributed energy resources and the locally connected loads. Microgrid able to be operated with the main grid and in standalone mode also ability to transitions between these two modes, the mode of operation of microgrid is depends on the system operating condition. The reliability of power grid is improving more when it’s integrated with the Microgrid and works together. Power exchange with the upper stream grid is done through the point of common coupling (PCC). Microgrid having renewable energy resources i.e. PV, Wind and non-renewable energy resources, DG, FC, and MC connected with the Battery storage type system and locally connected loads. So it is a very reliable scenario, main grid with the microgrid, it is more beneficial, economy and stable types of system. Keywords : Optimal Microgrid Scheduling, Linear Programming DOI : 10.7176/APTA/76-05 Publication date :March 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82213118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotechnology is unique in that it represents not just one specific area, but a vast variety of disciplines ranging from basic material science to personal care applications. Thus this technology is very advanced and various researches are a heading in this field very quickly One of the important areas of nanotechnology is “nanomedicine,” which, refers to highly specific medical intervention at the molecular scale for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. The importance of nanotechnology in drug delivery is in the concept and ability to manipulate molecules and super molecular structures for producing devices with programmed functions. Conventional liposomes, polymeric micelles, and nanoparticles are now called “nanovehicles,”. Those conventional drug delivery systems would have evolved to the present state regardless of the current nanotechnology revolution. To achieve efficient drug delivery it is important to understand the interactions of nanomaterials with the biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, and molecular mechanisms of cell signalling involved in pathobiology of the disease under consideration. Several anti-cancer drugs including paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and dexamethasone have been successfully formulated using nanomaterials. The nano drug delivery systems hold great potential to overcome some of the barriers of cells and molecules in heart attack and cancer. Keywords : Nanotechnology, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals. Liposomes and polymer micelles, PLGA, etc,. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/80-03 Publication date :October 31 st 2019
{"title":"Applications of Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Heart Attack and Cancer","authors":"K. Sonamuthu","doi":"10.7176/apta/80-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/80-03","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is unique in that it represents not just one specific area, but a vast variety of disciplines ranging from basic material science to personal care applications. Thus this technology is very advanced and various researches are a heading in this field very quickly One of the important areas of nanotechnology is “nanomedicine,” which, refers to highly specific medical intervention at the molecular scale for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. The importance of nanotechnology in drug delivery is in the concept and ability to manipulate molecules and super molecular structures for producing devices with programmed functions. Conventional liposomes, polymeric micelles, and nanoparticles are now called “nanovehicles,”. Those conventional drug delivery systems would have evolved to the present state regardless of the current nanotechnology revolution. To achieve efficient drug delivery it is important to understand the interactions of nanomaterials with the biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, and molecular mechanisms of cell signalling involved in pathobiology of the disease under consideration. Several anti-cancer drugs including paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and dexamethasone have been successfully formulated using nanomaterials. The nano drug delivery systems hold great potential to overcome some of the barriers of cells and molecules in heart attack and cancer. Keywords : Nanotechnology, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals. Liposomes and polymer micelles, PLGA, etc,. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/80-03 Publication date :October 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75064613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to analyze the energy eigen value of harmonic oscillator perturbed by electric field. In order to carry out the analysis, we have used two independent methods, suchas the perturbation method and time independent schrodinger equation. We have calculated the first order energy correction, second order energy correction , and the energy eigen value for time independent schrodinger equation. It has been found that the energy eigen value of harmonic oscillator is the same in two independent methods. Keywords: Harmonic ocillator, Electric Field, Perturbation Method , Eigen value. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/78-01 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
{"title":"Solution of Harmonic Oscillator Perturbed by Electric Field","authors":"Habtamu Dagnaw","doi":"10.7176/apta/78-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/78-01","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to analyze the energy eigen value of harmonic oscillator perturbed by electric field. In order to carry out the analysis, we have used two independent methods, suchas the perturbation method and time independent schrodinger equation. We have calculated the first order energy correction, second order energy correction , and the energy eigen value for time independent schrodinger equation. It has been found that the energy eigen value of harmonic oscillator is the same in two independent methods. Keywords: Harmonic ocillator, Electric Field, Perturbation Method , Eigen value. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/78-01 Publication date :June 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89190259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Physics, one of the current hot research related to material for energy storage problem is finding superconducting materials that can work at room temperature. In this work we study the properties of FeSe superconductor under pressure. We have performed density functional theory(DFT) calculations as implemented in QUANTUM ESPRESSO. All calculation were executed using the tetragonal leadoxide or P4/nmm structure, and we used experimental value of lattice parameters a and c. We found that superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of FeSe increases sensitively under pressure. We concluded that the change in lattice parameter and the increment in DOS can be an evidence for high Tc . Furthermore, we compared the result of ferro magnetic and anti feromgnetic ordering and we found that the Fermi energy, total energy and the Tc is higher for anti ferromagnetic ordering calculations. The result shows that the lowest occupied state is in ant ferromagnetic order, in agreement with already published. Keywords: Superconductivity (SC), Band structure, Pressure and Transition Temperature (Tc). DOI : 10.7176/APTA/77-04 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"First Principle Study on the Electronic Structure of FeSe Under Pressure","authors":"M. A. Afrassa","doi":"10.7176/apta/77-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/77-04","url":null,"abstract":"In Physics, one of the current hot research related to material for energy storage problem is finding superconducting materials that can work at room temperature. In this work we study the properties of FeSe superconductor under pressure. We have performed density functional theory(DFT) calculations as implemented in QUANTUM ESPRESSO. All calculation were executed using the tetragonal leadoxide or P4/nmm structure, and we used experimental value of lattice parameters a and c. We found that superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of FeSe increases sensitively under pressure. We concluded that the change in lattice parameter and the increment in DOS can be an evidence for high Tc . Furthermore, we compared the result of ferro magnetic and anti feromgnetic ordering and we found that the Fermi energy, total energy and the Tc is higher for anti ferromagnetic ordering calculations. The result shows that the lowest occupied state is in ant ferromagnetic order, in agreement with already published. Keywords: Superconductivity (SC), Band structure, Pressure and Transition Temperature (Tc). DOI : 10.7176/APTA/77-04 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91554485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental radiation study forms a major aspect of radiation monitoring all over the world and Gamma radiation is the prime concern for radiation protection. Measurements of gamma radiation level were made using RADEYE PRD at selected Asbestos ceiling and non-asbestos (Gypsum) ceiling rooms in Block B and C of the Boys’ Hostels and New Faculty of Art Building respectively. Annual dose rate from each selected location was then estimated and the results show that gamma radiations from rooms with asbestos ceilings are generally higher than those from rooms with non-asbestos ceilings. The higher radiation around the asbestos ceiling is attributed to likely presence of primordial radionuclides of elements like 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K in the soil where the asbestos was mined. The highest annual effective dose rate due to gamma radiation in rooms with asbestos ceilings is estimated to be 0.91 mSv per year. This is considered to be very low and insignificant to cause any serious radiological problem to the students living in the Hostel. However, the only possible health risks from asbestos ceilings rooms might be due to the toxicity of the chemical constituents of asbestos rather than radiological risks from natural gamma radiation. The outcome of this research can be used in the compilation of background radiation map and radioelement mapping of Maiduguri which will be an integral part of the national background radiation and radioelement mapping of Nigeria. Keywords: gamma, radiation, carcinogenic, asbestos, radionuclides DOI : 10.7176/APTA/75-02
{"title":"Investigation of Background Gamma Radiation from Ceilings in Students’ Hostels and Offices at the University of Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"S. Sonloye, Ibrahim.W Fawole, S. Mohammad","doi":"10.7176/apta/75-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/75-02","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental radiation study forms a major aspect of radiation monitoring all over the world and Gamma radiation is the prime concern for radiation protection. Measurements of gamma radiation level were made using RADEYE PRD at selected Asbestos ceiling and non-asbestos (Gypsum) ceiling rooms in Block B and C of the Boys’ Hostels and New Faculty of Art Building respectively. Annual dose rate from each selected location was then estimated and the results show that gamma radiations from rooms with asbestos ceilings are generally higher than those from rooms with non-asbestos ceilings. The higher radiation around the asbestos ceiling is attributed to likely presence of primordial radionuclides of elements like 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K in the soil where the asbestos was mined. The highest annual effective dose rate due to gamma radiation in rooms with asbestos ceilings is estimated to be 0.91 mSv per year. This is considered to be very low and insignificant to cause any serious radiological problem to the students living in the Hostel. However, the only possible health risks from asbestos ceilings rooms might be due to the toxicity of the chemical constituents of asbestos rather than radiological risks from natural gamma radiation. The outcome of this research can be used in the compilation of background radiation map and radioelement mapping of Maiduguri which will be an integral part of the national background radiation and radioelement mapping of Nigeria. Keywords: gamma, radiation, carcinogenic, asbestos, radionuclides DOI : 10.7176/APTA/75-02","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88629664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. M. Mohammed, Ahmed W Maseer, N. AbdulwahabMohamed
In this paper the Compton profile J(p z ) for AgBr compound is calculated by using the superposition model and compared with available experimental value ,while the values of ( Cp) J(p z ) for the covsitituent namely Ag were taken from our previous study on AgCl to check whether there is any charge transfer between Ag metal and the Br , The Ionic model was applied for this purpose and found a fraction of charge is transfer from the d-state of the metal Ag to p-state of Br ,the best electron configuration for the AgBr compound is found to be Ag (4d 9.1 5s 1 ) Br(4s 2 4p 5.1 ) Key Word : Ionic model, Superposition model, RFA model, Compton profile (CP) J(p z ) ,Free electron (FE) model ,Free atom (FA) model . DOI : 10.7176/APTA/80-06 Publication date :October 31 st 2019
{"title":"The charge transfer in AgBr compound in terms of Compton profile and by adopting the ionic model","authors":"F. M. Mohammed, Ahmed W Maseer, N. AbdulwahabMohamed","doi":"10.7176/apta/80-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/80-06","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the Compton profile J(p z ) for AgBr compound is calculated by using the superposition model and compared with available experimental value ,while the values of ( Cp) J(p z ) for the covsitituent namely Ag were taken from our previous study on AgCl to check whether there is any charge transfer between Ag metal and the Br , The Ionic model was applied for this purpose and found a fraction of charge is transfer from the d-state of the metal Ag to p-state of Br ,the best electron configuration for the AgBr compound is found to be Ag (4d 9.1 5s 1 ) Br(4s 2 4p 5.1 ) Key Word : Ionic model, Superposition model, RFA model, Compton profile (CP) J(p z ) ,Free electron (FE) model ,Free atom (FA) model . DOI : 10.7176/APTA/80-06 Publication date :October 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91435950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our Earth is immersed into an "ocean" of free energetic electrons from the last layer in the atmosphere of the Sun called corona which is located above its other two layers: the cromosphere and the ionosphere. When electrons are aroused from their atoms striking the mentioned ocean of coronal electrons, then radio waves are created. Therefore light does not travel through vacuum contradicting the statement of two great figures: Maxwell and Einstein. Also, we must re-consider what is known as electromagnetic wave when we speak about light, as magnetic field surrounds only the passage of an electric current, where circles of electrons are created in the coronal ocean as circles of water are created around the passage of a stone thrown in a lake, but such magnetic field does not extend to radio waves. Keywords : corona , electron , the speed of light , vacuum , Maxwell's celebrated equation , special relativity , Edison's achievements. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/75-04
{"title":"Light Travels in Coronal Ocean, not in Vacuum","authors":"S. Eid","doi":"10.7176/apta/75-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/75-04","url":null,"abstract":"Our Earth is immersed into an \"ocean\" of free energetic electrons from the last layer in the atmosphere of the Sun called corona which is located above its other two layers: the cromosphere and the ionosphere. When electrons are aroused from their atoms striking the mentioned ocean of coronal electrons, then radio waves are created. Therefore light does not travel through vacuum contradicting the statement of two great figures: Maxwell and Einstein. Also, we must re-consider what is known as electromagnetic wave when we speak about light, as magnetic field surrounds only the passage of an electric current, where circles of electrons are created in the coronal ocean as circles of water are created around the passage of a stone thrown in a lake, but such magnetic field does not extend to radio waves. Keywords : corona , electron , the speed of light , vacuum , Maxwell's celebrated equation , special relativity , Edison's achievements. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/75-04","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91413913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A major drawback to photovoltaic system is the fact that solar cells become useless at night. In the quest to overcome this, use of batteries, converters, backup generator and addition of extra panels at higher cost to PV grid have been proposed but the performance of the system with integration of the said components is still very much dependent how much solar energy directly reach the solar cell surface. A feasible approach to achieve this is solar tracking. In this study, performance evaluation of a constructed dual axis solar tracker integrated PV system was carried out for five weeks and compared with that of a flat fixed PV system installed at Ogbomoso, Nigeria (8° 08’ N, 4° 16’ E). It was discovered that the power and performance of dual axis system obtained averagely was 62.91 W compared to that of flat fixed PV System which was 47.88 W thereby improving the power output by 31.4%. Keywords : Solar Energy, Dual Axis System, Photovoltaic, Performance, Tropical region, Nigeria. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/75-01
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Constructed Dual Axis Solar Tracker","authors":"Y. Sanusi, T. Asafa, A. A. Kazeem","doi":"10.7176/apta/75-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/apta/75-01","url":null,"abstract":"A major drawback to photovoltaic system is the fact that solar cells become useless at night. In the quest to overcome this, use of batteries, converters, backup generator and addition of extra panels at higher cost to PV grid have been proposed but the performance of the system with integration of the said components is still very much dependent how much solar energy directly reach the solar cell surface. A feasible approach to achieve this is solar tracking. In this study, performance evaluation of a constructed dual axis solar tracker integrated PV system was carried out for five weeks and compared with that of a flat fixed PV system installed at Ogbomoso, Nigeria (8° 08’ N, 4° 16’ E). It was discovered that the power and performance of dual axis system obtained averagely was 62.91 W compared to that of flat fixed PV System which was 47.88 W thereby improving the power output by 31.4%. Keywords : Solar Energy, Dual Axis System, Photovoltaic, Performance, Tropical region, Nigeria. DOI : 10.7176/APTA/75-01","PeriodicalId":7386,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics Theories and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80911604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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