Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s156009042460044x
I. D. Grishin, O. S. Gulyaeva, Yu. A. Kuznetsova, E. I. Zueva, D. F. Grishin
Abstract
Novel catalytic systems based on complexes of copper(II) bromide with polydentate nitrogen-containing ligands, tris[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine and tris[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]amine, and salts of organic acids (Rochelle salt, sodium oxalate, sodium lactate, and sodium pyruvate) acting as catalyst regenerating agents have been developed for the radical polymerization of acrylonitrile. It has been shown that the polymerization of acrylonitrile carried out in the presence of these systems and halogen-containing initiators occurs by the atom transfer mechanism, affording polymers with target molecular weight values. Effect of the nature of reducing agent and initiator on the process of polymerization and the degree of control over molecular weight characteristics of the resulting samples has been studied. It has been found that Rochelle salt and sodium oxalate are the most efficient reducing agents allowing for a high rate of polymerization while maintaining control over the process.
{"title":"Salts of Organic Acids as Reducing Agents in Atom Transfer Controlled Radical Polymerization","authors":"I. D. Grishin, O. S. Gulyaeva, Yu. A. Kuznetsova, E. I. Zueva, D. F. Grishin","doi":"10.1134/s156009042460044x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s156009042460044x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Novel catalytic systems based on complexes of copper(II) bromide with polydentate nitrogen-containing ligands, tris[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine and tris[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]amine, and salts of organic acids (Rochelle salt, sodium oxalate, sodium lactate, and sodium pyruvate) acting as catalyst regenerating agents have been developed for the radical polymerization of acrylonitrile. It has been shown that the polymerization of acrylonitrile carried out in the presence of these systems and halogen-containing initiators occurs by the atom transfer mechanism, affording polymers with target molecular weight values. Effect of the nature of reducing agent and initiator on the process of polymerization and the degree of control over molecular weight characteristics of the resulting samples has been studied. It has been found that Rochelle salt and sodium oxalate are the most efficient reducing agents allowing for a high rate of polymerization while maintaining control over the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Copolymers were synthesized from acrylate monomers and ladder-shaped polysilsesquioxanes (LPSQ) using free radical polymerization, and the copolymers were coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films by the lift-off impregnation method. The nanosized SiO2 sols with different particle sizes were prepared by sol-gel method, and then the nanosized SiO2 sols were coated on the surface modified PET film to construct a moth-eye-like anti-reflection coating by using the layer-by-layer self-assembly method. The structure and composition of LPSQ and modified acrylic resin copolymer were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the transmittance/haze tester and UV spectrophotometer were used to test the performance of the anti-reflection coating, which could reach 94.0% compared with 89.2% of the matrix pure PET film. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the LPSQ-modified copolymer material was higher than that of the pure acrylate copolymer.
摘要 以丙烯酸酯单体和梯形聚硅氧烷（LPSQ）为原料，采用自由基聚合法合成共聚物。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同粒径的纳米二氧化硅溶胶，然后利用逐层自组装法将纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆在表面改性的 PET 薄膜上，构建了蛾眼状抗反射涂层。利用红外光谱和 X 射线衍射对 LPSQ 和改性丙烯酸树脂共聚物的结构和组成进行了表征，并使用透射率/霞光测试仪和紫外分光光度计测试了抗反射涂层的性能。热重分析表明，LPSQ 改性共聚物材料的热分解温度高于纯丙烯酸酯共聚物。
{"title":"Preparation and Study of Moth-Eye-Like Micro-Nano Structure Optical Anti-Reflection Coating","authors":"Lielun Zhao, Yawen Guo, Tiantai Kang, Yan Jiang, Haobin Zhang, Hongwen Zhang","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600517","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Copolymers were synthesized from acrylate monomers and ladder-shaped polysilsesquioxanes (LPSQ) using free radical polymerization, and the copolymers were coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films by the lift-off impregnation method. The nanosized SiO<sub>2</sub> sols with different particle sizes were prepared by sol-gel method, and then the nanosized SiO<sub>2</sub> sols were coated on the surface modified PET film to construct a moth-eye-like anti-reflection coating by using the layer-by-layer self-assembly method. The structure and composition of LPSQ and modified acrylic resin copolymer were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the transmittance/haze tester and UV spectrophotometer were used to test the performance of the anti-reflection coating, which could reach 94.0% compared with 89.2% of the matrix pure PET film. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the LPSQ-modified copolymer material was higher than that of the pure acrylate copolymer.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600505
Dilek Şenol Bahçeci
Abstract
In this study, polythiophene (PTh) was synthesized by polymerization of thiophene (Th) using the chemical oxidative polymerization method. 4-Amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Sa) was polymerized through enzymatic polymerization method. After that, conductive polymer mixture was prepared by mixing PTh and PSa. To increase the conductivity of PTh, ionic and nonionic surfactants were used such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 (Tri-X). The prepared polymer mixtures doped with surfactants were analized by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy. HOMO-LUMO band gaps, electrochemical properties and electrical conductivity were also analyzed. As a result, it was observed that the conductivity, electrochemical and optical properties of [PTh/PSa] CTAB were better than those of [PTh/PSa]SDS and [PTh/PSa]Tri-X.
{"title":"Changes in Optical, Electrochemical and Electrical Conductivities in the Conductive Polymer Mixture by Adding Different Surfactants","authors":"Dilek Şenol Bahçeci","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600505","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this study, polythiophene (PTh) was synthesized by polymerization of thiophene (Th) using the chemical oxidative polymerization method. 4-Amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Sa) was polymerized through enzymatic polymerization method. After that, conductive polymer mixture was prepared by mixing PTh and PSa. To increase the conductivity of PTh, ionic and nonionic surfactants were used such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 (Tri-X). The prepared polymer mixtures doped with surfactants were analized by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy. HOMO-LUMO band gaps, electrochemical properties and electrical conductivity were also analyzed. As a result, it was observed that the conductivity, electrochemical and optical properties of [PTh/PSa] <sub>CTAB</sub> were better than those of [PTh/PSa]<sub>SDS</sub> and [PTh/PSa]<sub>Tri-X</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600530
Xiaoli Ji, Zhihao Xu, Jian Liu, Hongyao Xu, Shanyi Guang
Abstract
In this paper, by means of forming alternately broad-narrow band gap unit in the backbones of polymers to regulate polymer light-emitting color, a series of ethynyl-linked alternating aromatic ring oligomers (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were designed and prepared by Sonogashira coupling polycondensation. These polymers have Mw 35524–12852 in moderate yields (35–67%). The influence of this kind of polymer’s structures on the optical properties was studied in detail with 1H NMR,13C NMR, FTIR, UV, FL, CV, TGA, and fluorescence lifetime test. The results showed that these polymers exhibited good solubility, high thermal stabilities, high oxidative stability, stable optical properties and emitted variously colored fluorescence in moderate quantum yields (28–61%) due to their different energy gap. The fluorescence lifetimes of the polymers P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 0.8974, 1.695, 1.728, and 0.5929 ns, respectively. And the values of lifetime decrease with increasing solvent polarity. The effective light-emitting color regulation of poly(aryleneethynylene)s was realized by Gaussian calculation and experiment results.
{"title":"Design and Synthesis of Ethynyl-Linked Oligomers Emitting Variously Colored Fluorescence","authors":"Xiaoli Ji, Zhihao Xu, Jian Liu, Hongyao Xu, Shanyi Guang","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600530","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this paper, by means of forming alternately broad-narrow band gap unit in the backbones of polymers to regulate polymer light-emitting color, a series of ethynyl-linked alternating aromatic ring oligomers (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were designed and prepared by Sonogashira coupling polycondensation. These polymers have <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 35524–12852 in moderate yields (35–67%). The influence of this kind of polymer’s structures on the optical properties was studied in detail with <sup>1</sup>H NMR,<sup>13</sup>C NMR, FTIR, UV, FL, CV, TGA, and fluorescence lifetime test. The results showed that these polymers exhibited good solubility, high thermal stabilities, high oxidative stability, stable optical properties and emitted variously colored fluorescence in moderate quantum yields (28–61%) due to their different energy gap. The fluorescence lifetimes of the polymers P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 0.8974, 1.695, 1.728, and 0.5929 ns, respectively. And the values of lifetime decrease with increasing solvent polarity. The effective light-emitting color regulation of poly(aryleneethynylene)s was realized by Gaussian calculation and experiment results.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600529
Junwei Li, Wenxue Lu, Dan Yang, Yanzhen Jia, Haobo Su, Jialing Deng, Zuo Gong, Yongke Zhao
Abstract
The curing kinetics of the epoxy resin/nano rare earth oxides system were studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Curing reaction occurred with DSC thermal analyzers at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min, respectively. Data on enthalpy changes during heating were collected. The kinetic parameters and curing temperature of the curing reaction of the epoxy resin/ nano rare earth oxides system were calculated by Kissinger–Ozawa, Crane method and T-β extrapolation method. The results showed that the rare earth compounds reduced the activation energy of the epoxy resin curing reaction, but did not change the curing mechanism of the epoxy resin. Studies on the influence of sample fracture morphology showed that the introduction of nano rare earth compounds plays an important role in improving the tensile properties of nanocomposites. When the 1% weight component of nano Gd2O3 was added to the composite, the tensile strength of the composite increased by 65.18%, the flexural strength and modulus increased by 57.92 and 70.04%, respectively, and the glass transition temperature increased by 17.55°C.
{"title":"A Novel Rare Earth Enhanced Epoxy Composites: Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability and Curing Kinetics","authors":"Junwei Li, Wenxue Lu, Dan Yang, Yanzhen Jia, Haobo Su, Jialing Deng, Zuo Gong, Yongke Zhao","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600529","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The curing kinetics of the epoxy resin/nano rare earth oxides system were studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Curing reaction occurred with DSC thermal analyzers at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min, respectively. Data on enthalpy changes during heating were collected. The kinetic parameters and curing temperature of the curing reaction of the epoxy resin/ nano rare earth oxides system were calculated by Kissinger–Ozawa, Crane method and T-β extrapolation method. The results showed that the rare earth compounds reduced the activation energy of the epoxy resin curing reaction, but did not change the curing mechanism of the epoxy resin. Studies on the influence of sample fracture morphology showed that the introduction of nano rare earth compounds plays an important role in improving the tensile properties of nanocomposites. When the 1% weight component of nano Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was added to the composite, the tensile strength of the composite increased by 65.18%, the flexural strength and modulus increased by 57.92 and 70.04%, respectively, and the glass transition temperature increased by 17.55°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, TiO2 particles submicron were prepared by sol-gel method and modified with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) after coating SiO2 on its surface. Subsequently, combined with the breath figure method (BF), slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) of polyimide composites were prepared by a two-step method using TiO2/SiO2 particles, amino terminated polysiloxanes (APT-PDMS), 2,2'-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxyphenyl)]propane (BAPP) and 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA) as the raw materials. The compositions and properties of the composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and thermal weight loss, respectively. The apparent morphology of the porous membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the hydrophobic properties of the porous membrane were investigated before and after the infilling of the silicone oil by contact angle tester. The results show that the hydrophobicity of the porous substrate prepared when the content of TiO2/SiO2 particles is 15% and the concentration of composite material is 20 mg/mL is the best, and the sliding angle of the oil-filled SLIPS is 2° at the minimum. The SLIPS owns good stability, self-cleaning, and anti-freezing properties and so on.
{"title":"Preparation and Properties of Ultra-Smooth Surfaces of Polyimide Composites","authors":"Yawen Guo, Lielun Zhao, Tiantai Kang, Yan Jiang, Haobin Zhang, Hongwen Zhang","doi":"10.1134/s156009042460027x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s156009042460027x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this paper, TiO<sub>2</sub> particles submicron were prepared by sol-gel method and modified with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) after coating SiO<sub>2</sub> on its surface. Subsequently, combined with the breath figure method (BF), slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) of polyimide composites were prepared by a two-step method using TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> particles, amino terminated polysiloxanes (APT-PDMS), 2,2'-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxyphenyl)]propane (BAPP) and 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA) as the raw materials. The compositions and properties of the composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and thermal weight loss, respectively. The apparent morphology of the porous membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the hydrophobic properties of the porous membrane were investigated before and after the infilling of the silicone oil by contact angle tester. The results show that the hydrophobicity of the porous substrate prepared when the content of TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> particles is 15% and the concentration of composite material is 20 mg/mL is the best, and the sliding angle of the oil-filled SLIPS is 2° at the minimum. The SLIPS owns good stability, self-cleaning, and anti-freezing properties and so on.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600219
N. A. Knyazeva, I. D. Grishin
Abstract
The radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) mechanism under the action of systems based on ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) carborane complexes containing chelate P‒O‒P ligands of various structures has been studied. It has been shown that systems based on these metal complexes, carbon tetrachloride, and isopropylamine as a reducing agent are capable of initiating the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The most effective among those studied are systems based on ruthenacarboranes containing 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis-(diphenylphosphino)xanthene as a ligand. These compounds are capable of carrying out the process in a controlled manner, as evidenced by a linear increase in the molecular weight of the polymer and a decrease in dispersity values with increasing conversion. The controlled process according to the ATRP mechanism is confirmed by the presence of chlorine atoms at the ends of the polymer chains, as it has been detected by MALDI mass spectrometry. It has been shown that the possibility of coordination of the ruthenium atom with the oxygen atom of the ligand reduces the rate of the polymerization process and the degree of control over it.
{"title":"Features of Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in the Presence of New Ruthenium(II) and Ruthenium(III) Carborane Complexes with Chelate P‒O‒P Ligands","authors":"N. A. Knyazeva, I. D. Grishin","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600219","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) mechanism under the action of systems based on ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) carborane complexes containing chelate P‒O‒P ligands of various structures has been studied. It has been shown that systems based on these metal complexes, carbon tetrachloride, and isopropylamine as a reducing agent are capable of initiating the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The most effective among those studied are systems based on ruthenacarboranes containing 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis-(diphenylphosphino)xanthene as a ligand. These compounds are capable of carrying out the process in a controlled manner, as evidenced by a linear increase in the molecular weight of the polymer and a decrease in dispersity values with increasing conversion. The controlled process according to the ATRP mechanism is confirmed by the presence of chlorine atoms at the ends of the polymer chains, as it has been detected by MALDI mass spectrometry. It has been shown that the possibility of coordination of the ruthenium atom with the oxygen atom of the ligand reduces the rate of the polymerization process and the degree of control over it.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1560090424600177
V. B. Fedoseev, T. A. Kovylina, E. N. Fedoseeva
Abstract
Size effects during chemical transformations in aerosols can lead to a shift in chemical equilibrium and a significant change in reaction rates. The most sensitive to them are polymerization processes, in which both the reaction rate and the degree of polymerization can depend on the number of monomers in a droplet. For the reversible polycondensation reaction, a kinetic equation is formulated based on the assumption that in a small volume, as conversion increases, the equilibrium molecular weight distribution (Flory distribution normalized to a finite number of monomers) is continuously reproduced. Kinetic curves were plotted to demonstrate the influence of droplet size on monomer conversion, degree of polymerization, and evolution of molecular weight distribution. The kinetics of polycondensation was modeled using the example of lactic acid polycondensation and compared with experimental patterns. The model demonstrates that a decrease in droplet size leads to a significant (power-law dependence on the radius) acceleration of the polymerization process and a decrease in the number-average mass of the polymer.
{"title":"Size Kinetic Effects during Aerosol Polymerization","authors":"V. B. Fedoseev, T. A. Kovylina, E. N. Fedoseeva","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600177","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Size effects during chemical transformations in aerosols can lead to a shift in chemical equilibrium and a significant change in reaction rates. The most sensitive to them are polymerization processes, in which both the reaction rate and the degree of polymerization can depend on the number of monomers in a droplet. For the reversible polycondensation reaction, a kinetic equation is formulated based on the assumption that in a small volume, as conversion increases, the equilibrium molecular weight distribution (Flory distribution normalized to a finite number of monomers) is continuously reproduced. Kinetic curves were plotted to demonstrate the influence of droplet size on monomer conversion, degree of polymerization, and evolution of molecular weight distribution. The kinetics of polycondensation was modeled using the example of lactic acid polycondensation and compared with experimental patterns. The model demonstrates that a decrease in droplet size leads to a significant (power-law dependence on the radius) acceleration of the polymerization process and a decrease in the number-average mass of the polymer.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intention of this research turned into to manufacture a new hybrid cloth referred to as poly(benzaldehyde-co-thiophene)/zinc oxide (PBT/ZnO) composites. The copolymer changed into synthesized the use of the chemical oxidative approach. Composites have been organized through stirring PBT and zinc oxide in dichloromethane at room temperature, with one-of-a-kind concentrations of zinc oxide (3, 7, and 10%). The researchers performed numerous analyses to study the structural and optical properties of the materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV/Visible spectroscopy had been employed for this reason. The optical gap energy values of the samples indicated their semiconductor behavior. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of PBT, PBT/ZnO 10% composite, and zinc oxide changed into evaluated in opposition to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The inhibition region diameter changed into measured as an indicator of antimicrobial efficacy. For Staphylococcus aureus, the inhibition region diameter of PBT/ZnO 10% composite turned into extra than that of PBT and the person zinc oxide. In the case of Candida albicans, the inhibition region diameter expanded with higher concentrations of zinc oxide. However, E. Coli showed mild sensitivity to the copolymer and become fairly resistant to each the composite and the zinc oxide. Overall, this research aimed to synthesize and analyze the properties of PBT/ZnO composites, inclusive of their structural, optical, and antimicrobial traits, highlighting their ability applications in diverse fields.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Poly(benzaldehyde-co-thiophene)/Zinc Oxide (PBT/ZnO) Composites for Potential Applications","authors":"Hinane Baleh, Abdelkader Dehbi, Chahrazed Benhaoua, Khaled Zidane, Ali Alsalme, Massimo Messori","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600189","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The intention of this research turned into to manufacture a new hybrid cloth referred to as poly(benzaldehyde-<i>co</i>-thiophene)/zinc oxide (PBT/ZnO) composites. The copolymer changed into synthesized the use of the chemical oxidative approach. Composites have been organized through stirring PBT and zinc oxide in dichloromethane at room temperature, with one-of-a-kind concentrations of zinc oxide (3, 7, and 10%). The researchers performed numerous analyses to study the structural and optical properties of the materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV/Visible spectroscopy had been employed for this reason. The optical gap energy values of the samples indicated their semiconductor behavior. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of PBT, PBT/ZnO 10% composite, and zinc oxide changed into evaluated in opposition to <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. The inhibition region diameter changed into measured as an indicator of antimicrobial efficacy. For <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, the inhibition region diameter of PBT/ZnO 10% composite turned into extra than that of PBT and the person zinc oxide. In the case of <i>Candida albicans</i>, the inhibition region diameter expanded with higher concentrations of zinc oxide. However, <i>E. Coli</i> showed mild sensitivity to the copolymer and become fairly resistant to each the composite and the zinc oxide. Overall, this research aimed to synthesize and analyze the properties of PBT/ZnO composites, inclusive of their structural, optical, and antimicrobial traits, highlighting their ability applications in diverse fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two novel curing agents N-((4-(12-(4-(o-hydroxyphenylimino) methyl)phenoxy)dodecanyl-oxy)benzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzenamine) and N-((4-(12-(4-(p-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)phenoxy)-dodecanyloxy) benzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzenamine) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectral analysis. A series of novel polymers were obtained via curing reaction of epoxy resin. The characterization of the thermosets was performed by FTIR spectral analysis. The photo-physical properties of the synthesized thermosets were evaluated by UV–Vis and photoluminescence spectral analyses. All the thermosets absorbed in the UV region (271–281 nm), which is attributed to the CH=N in conjugation with phenol moieties, incorporated into polymer network. Thermoset based on the synthesized curing agents emitted light in the blue region, which is attributed to the azomethine linkage in polymeric thermoset. Thermal stability and light emissive properties of the new polymer systems suggested their future use as a blue light emissive, thermally resistant adhesives.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy/Phenol Thermosets from Bis-azomethine Based Phenolics as Light Emissive Adhesives","authors":"Shababuddin, Umme Kalsoom, Naila Khalid, Ahtaram Bibi","doi":"10.1134/s1560090424600190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1560090424600190","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Two novel curing agents <i>N</i>-((4-(12-(4-(<i>o</i>-hydroxyphenylimino) methyl)phenoxy)dodecanyl-oxy)benzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzenamine) and <i>N</i>-((4-(12-(4-(<i>p</i>-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)phenoxy)-dodecanyloxy) benzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzenamine) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectral analysis. A series of novel polymers were obtained via curing reaction of epoxy resin. The characterization of the thermosets was performed by FTIR spectral analysis. The photo-physical properties of the synthesized thermosets were evaluated by UV–Vis and photoluminescence spectral analyses. All the thermosets absorbed in the UV region (271–281 nm), which is attributed to the CH=N in conjugation with phenol moieties, incorporated into polymer network. Thermoset based on the synthesized curing agents emitted light in the blue region, which is attributed to the azomethine linkage in polymeric thermoset. Thermal stability and light emissive properties of the new polymer systems suggested their future use as a blue light emissive, thermally resistant adhesives.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.049,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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