Journal of prevention (2022)最新文献

Brazil has experienced a significant increase in climate emergencies and environmental disasters. Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southern state of the country, shows an annual rise in climate, hydrological, and meteorological disasters, underscoring its vulnerability to extreme events and the urgent need for proactive mitigation and adaptation strategies. Despite this growing concern, the literature has provided limited focus on the specific public health demands arising from these disasters, particularly regarding prevention. This debate article highlights the short-, medium-, and long-term health needs following the recent floods in RS, integrating disaster prevention science to enhance preventive actions. Floods have profound mental health and behavioral consequences, including increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, particularly among displaced individuals and first responders. This analysis uses the RS case to illustrate a multi-tiered prevention approach-spanning primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary measures-while presenting a model that could be adapted to similar vulnerable regions worldwide. By emphasizing early detection, strategic resource allocation, and evidence-based interventions, the findings highlight the importance of structured responses in minimizing health risks, bolstering community resilience, and preventing health deterioration in climate-vulnerable regions.

Females who are involved with the juvenile justice system as adolescents are at risk for heavy alcohol use, which is associated with an increased risk of recidivism and negative health outcomes. Alcohol use peaks during emerging adulthood and intimate partners play an increasingly important role in decision making during this developmental period. Using data from a longitudinal study of females who were involved in the juvenile justice system as adolescents (n = 80), we investigated whether intimate partner encouragement of alcohol use is associated with higher rates of alcohol use frequency among this population as they enter emerging adulthood. Participants reported on their partners' encouragement of their alcohol use at an in-person study visit when they were emerging adults, and then reported on their own alcohol use approximately six months later. A negative binomial regression was fit to the data and estimated that for each standard deviation increase in reported intimate partner encouragement of alcohol use, participants' rate of alcohol consumption increased by 109% six months later. These findings indicate that intimate partner encouragement of alcohol use may be a risk factor for heavy drinking among emerging adult females with a history of chronic and severe delinquency. These findings have implications for prevention, as they indicate a need to measure intimate partner encouragement of alcohol use in studies that involve high-risk emerging adult females and may suggest that intimate partners should be included in interventions intended to reduce heavy alcohol use.

Theatre Testing, a method extensively employed in marketing research and advertising, involves presenting materials to an audience in a controlled setting to gather feedback and insights. While the application of Theatre Testing in marketing and advertising is long-standing, its increasing application in prevention science raises several critical questions. This article describes the Theatre Testing process, debates the merits and drawbacks of the method, and exemplifies the pros and cons by discussing the method in relation to gender-based violence prevention within the Swedish 'open preschool' context. Advocates of Theatre Testing argue that simulating interventions before actual implementation offers valuable insights into participant responses, which can enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of these interventions. However, the controlled setting of Theatre Testing may not accurately reflect real-world conditions, leading to potentially misleading conclusions about the intervention. One promising development in addressing certain limitations, such as reaching the target group, is the introduction of social media-based Theatre Testing.

The deterioration in health and functionality in older ages, in addition to biological changes, is affected by physical changes. Therefore, early retirement may become an inevitable choice. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between limitations in daily living activities, mobility, and other health factors with early retirement in workers aged 50-67 in the 4th wave of the SHARE study in Europe. In this prospective cohort study, the working status was examined in 4 waves. The frequency of early retirement was 16.1%; it was higher in male and low-educated people. Those with poor self-perceived health and those with more chronic diseases retired earlier. The frequency of early retirement was 16.0% for those who had no difficulty in basic daily living activities, 22.4% for those who had difficulties (p 0.019), and those who had limitations retired earlier (RR 1.50). Early retirement was higher in those with two or more chronic diseases compared to those without (RR 1.26) and was higher in those who consumed alcohol 5 days a week than those who didn't (RR 1.34). A 1-unit increase in BMI increased the risk by 1.02 times. It has been clearly revealed how important basic activities are for early retirement. This new finding is a gain for the literature and will provide new insights intervention studies. Those who had difficulty in instrumental activities and mobility retired early more often, but this wasn't statistically significant. Our findings will contribute to increasing workplace protective approaches, and maintaining a healthy working force for years.

Globorisk is a country-specific risk prediction model that estimates 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aims to evaluate the agreement between different versions of Globorisk and their ability to predict CVD in a nationwide Turkish cohort. Baseline data from 5449 participants aged 40-74 were obtained from Türkiye Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Survey 2011. Office- and laboratory-based Globorisk risk scores were calculated using age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), current smoking status, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and total cholesterol levels. Correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were employed to assess the agreement between 10-year risk scores. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated with Globorisk variables to predict the presence of CVD over a 6-year follow-up period. Model calibration was performed. The study identified 515 incident CVD cases during the 6-year follow-up period. There was a strong positive correlation between 10-year Globorisk versions (r = 0.89). The limit of the agreement was narrower in males (- 6.11 to 6.89%) compared to females (- 7.01 to 7.73%). Age and systolic blood pressure were associated with 6-year CVD in both office- and laboratory-based models. The models showed similar discriminative performance (AUC: 0.68) and predictive accuracy (mean absolute error: 0.009) for 6-year CVD. Both Globorisk models were strongly correlated, had similar discrimination power and predictive accuracy. The office-based Globorisk can be used instead of the laboratory-based model, especially where resources are limited.

This study aimed to analyze the causes of school accidents and examine the preliminary findings of a nurse-led, drama-based accident prevention program for children. This was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest approach with a single group. Data were collected using demographic information, school accident notification form, and Information and Behavior Scales for the Safety Measures of the Students. A total of 407 students formed the sample. A drama-supported education program designed to prevent accidents, developed by nurses working in school health, was implemented based on the most common school accidents. The nurses were actively involved in every program stage, including designing the content, guiding participants, and monitoring progress throughout the intervention. The mean age of the students was 11.2 ± 1.4; 51.8% were girls, and 50.3% were at the primary school. The students' average knowledge scale pretest score was 102.15 ± 21.4736; the behavior scale pretest score was 78.22 ± 11,228; the mean knowledge scale posttest score was 174.75 ± 9.34, behavior scale posttest mean score was 109.62 ± 14.56. This study highlights the crucial role of school nurses in accident prevention and health promotion among students. Based on preliminary findings, drama-based educational programs may improve knowledge and safety behaviors in the school environment.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant shifts in societal norms and individual behaviors, including changes in physical activity levels. This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors and changes in physical activity levels during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels among adult Arkansans. Survey data were collected from 1,205 adult Arkansans in July and August 2020, capturing socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics and information on physical activity changes since the onset of the pandemic. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relative risk of reporting increased or decreased physical activity compared to unchanged levels. Age (RRR _{more physical activity} =0.98, RRR _{less physical activity} =0.98), marital status (RRR _{less physical activity} =0.66), COVID-19-related income loss (RRR _{less physical activity} =0.61), and receipt of a stimulus check (RRR _{less physical activity} =0.64) were significantly associated with changes in physical activity levels during the pandemic. Older individuals, married individuals, those without COVID-19-related income loss, and recipients of stimulus checks were less likely to report decreased physical activity levels. No significant association was found between race/ethnicity and physical activity changes. This study highlights the influence of socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors on physical activity behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings underscore the importance of considering socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors in public health interventions to promote physical activity and mitigate health disparities beyond the pandemic.

Background: Wearable technologies have the potential to support health promotion and disease prevention. However, it remains unclear how the role of social determinants of health (SDoH) and digital determinants of health (DDoH) plays in this context.

Objective: This study investigates differences in sociodemographic factors and digital health literacy between wearable users and non-users, whether the association with wearable use varies across age groups and its potential mediator.

Methods: A cross-sectional nationwide telephone survey was conducted in November 2022 in a panel of adult internet users in Germany. Assessments included self-reported wearable use, sociodemographic factors (sex, age, education, household size and income, and residence region), and digital health literacy (measured with the eHealth Literacy Scale, eHEALS). Associations between wearable use, sociodemographic factors and digital health literacy were analyzed using binomial logistic regression models in the total sample and with age group stratification, with a supplementary mediation analysis examining digital health literacy as a mediator in the relationship between age and wearable use.

Results: Overall, 24% (223/932) of participants (52% male, mean age 55.6 years) reported using wearables for health. Wearable use was lower among participants aged 65 and above, with lower educational attainment, living in 1-2 person households, with below-average household income, and residing in smaller cities or former East Germany. Wearable use prevalence is substantially lower in older age groups (18-40: 36%; 41-64: 26%; 65+:14%). Wearable users reported higher levels of digital health literacy (mean: 30.7, SD = 5) than non-users (mean: 28.3, SD = 6). Stratified analyses indicate that the association between digital health literacy and wearable use varies by age group, with significant positive association observed in older age groups (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.07 in age group 18-40; OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.12 in age group 41-64; OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.19 in age group 65+). Mediation analysis indicated that digital health literacy partially mediates the relationship between age and wearable use (indirect effect: coefficient = -0.0156, 95% CI: -0.0244 to -0.00791, p <.001).

Conclusions: This study indicates sociodemographic disparities in wearable use among the German population and differences in digital health literacy between wearable users and non-users. A generational divide in wearable use was identified, with older adults being less likely to embrace this technology. This was especially true for older adults with lower digital health literacy. Future public health initiatives employing health technologies should take SDoH and DDoH into consideration to ensure effective and equitable impacts.