Journal of psychopathology and clinical science最新文献

Psychophysiology can help elucidate the structure and developmental mechanisms of psychopathology, consistent with the Research Domain Criteria initiative. Cross-sectional research using categorical diagnoses indicates that P300 is an electrocortical endophenotype indexing genetic vulnerability to externalizing problems. However, current diagnostic systems' limitations impede a precise understanding of risk. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) overcomes these limitations by delineating reliable dimensions ranging in specificity from broad spectra to narrow syndromes. The current study used a HiTOP-aligned approach to clarify P300's associations with a higher-order externalizing factor versus syndrome-specific manifestations within externalizing and internalizing spectra during middle and late adolescence. Participants from the Minnesota Twin Family Study's Enrichment Sample contributed psychophysiological and clinical data at age 14 (N = 930) and follow-up clinical data at age 17 (N = 913). Blunted target P300 at age 14 was selectively associated with externalizing as manifested at age 17 at the superspectrum level (rather than specific externalizing syndromes). Unlike in prior work, target P300 amplitude was positively associated with age 17 depressive symptoms (once controlling for standard stimuli). No association was observed with lifetime symptoms of childhood externalizing or depression evident by age 14. The results indicate that blunted target P300 elucidates specific risk for the development of late-adolescent/young-adult expressions of general externalizing, over and above symptoms evident by middle adolescence. Additionally, the findings speak to the synergistic utility of studying HiTOP-aligned dimensions using multiple measurement modalities to build a more comprehensive understanding of the development of psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

As clinical psychological science and biological psychiatry push to assess, model, and integrate heterogeneity and individual differences, approaches leveraging computational modeling, translational methods, and dimensional approaches to psychopathology are increasingly useful in establishing brain-behavior relationships. The field is ultimately interested in complex human behavior, and disruptions in such behaviors can arise through many different pathways, leading to heterogeneity in etiology for seemingly similar presentations. Parsing this complexity may be enhanced using "simple" tasks-which we define as those assaying elemental processes that are the building blocks to complexity. Using eyeblink conditioning as one illustrative example, we propose that simple tasks assessing elemental processes can be leveraged by and enhance computational psychiatry and dimensional approaches in service of understanding heterogeneity in psychiatry, especially when these tasks meet three principles: (a) an extensively mapped circuit, (b) clear brain-behavior relationships, and (c) relevance to understanding etiological processes and/or treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological functioning is shaped by how people navigate their environment. Accordingly, psychopathology is often caused and maintained by patterns of responding to the environment that do not meet situational demands. In particular, psychopathology is often expressed in an inflexible or intense manner of coping with stressful situations. Prior research on psychopathology and daily life stress is limited by an overreliance on negative affect reactivity, which neglects the myriad responses that can create problems in a person's life. In this study, we assessed a broad range of daily manifestations of psychopathology to examine daily psychopathology-stress associations. We conceptualized individual differences in functioning as psychopathology traits and daily fluctuations in the interrelated thoughts, behaviors, and emotions as psychopathology states, with traits and states corresponding to the same domains of functioning (i.e., antagonism, detachment, disinhibition, negative affectivity, anankastia, psychoticism). Data have been taken from two samples enriched for psychopathology (N = 112, N = 294 participants) who completed daily assessments of stressors and psychopathological states (n = 9,201, n = 4,292 days). We used multilevel structural equation models to examine average, within-person associations between stressors and psychopathological states and correlations between psychopathological traits and stress responses. Results showed that (a) most people experience increases in psychopathological states when stressed and (b) psychopathological traits relate to more consistent and stronger increases in psychopathological states. Our study suggests that psychopathology reflects how people cope with stressful situations, and what distinguishes people with high-trait psychopathology from those who experience typical upticks in psychopathology when stressed is the consistency and extremity of their responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).