Journal of psychopathology and clinical science最新文献

Psychological distress and functional impairment are key diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, most studies focus on PTSD symptom distress with minimal attention on functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal dynamics of PTSD symptom severity and global functional impairment, as well as specific areas of functioning (e.g., family, work, parenting, self-care). A gender-balanced sample of 1,461 returning veteran men and women completed measures of PTSD symptom severity and functional impairment at five timepoints between 2010 and 2019. Latent growth curve modeling revealed that during the 18-year period following return from deployment, PTSD symptoms and global functioning showed statistically significant improvement among both men and women, although women experienced more modest improvements in both constructs. There was significant heterogeneity in initial level and rate of change among both men and women, but on average the changes were modest in terms of their clinical meaningfulness. Among subdomains of functioning, women and men exhibited different patterns of change, with only women experiencing improvements in some areas (family, parenting), only men experiencing improvements in some areas (work, romantic relationships), and both experiencing improvements in friendship. Women experienced modest worsening in self-care functioning over time. Parallel process growth modeling indicated that over time, and across virtually all domains of functioning, worse initial symptom severity was associated with greater functioning improvement, and vice versa. Results suggest that interventions directly targeting functioning could be as effective as targeting PTSD symptoms in improving veterans' psychosocial outcomes and enhancing adaptive recovery processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is a reasoning bias that has been linked to delusions. Studies have explored the contribution of impaired working memory to JTC, but this research has yet to be synthesized. A systematic review and two multilevel meta-analyses were conducted to quantify the association between working memory and JTC. One meta-analysis included correlational studies, whereas the other included studies comparing working memory among people with and without JTC biases. Meta-regressions tested the moderating effects of clinical status and JTC task difficulty in the correlation meta-analysis. Twenty-three studies (N = 2,058) met the inclusion criteria. A small but significant pooled effect for the association between working memory and JTC was present across correlational studies (k = 30; Fisher's z = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.09, 0.23], p < .001). There was also a significant pooled effect across studies when comparing working memory performance among people with JTC biases to those without (k = 44; Hedges' g = -0.43, 95% CI [-0.51, -0.34], p < .001). There was inconclusive evidence of moderation by clinical status or task difficulty. Findings were limited by differences in the way JTC was operationalized and measured across studies, requiring included studies to be divided between two meta-analyses and reducing statistical power. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Research has identified numerous personal, school, and family factors associated with youth mental health, yet it remains unclear which correlates best predict mental health outcomes accurately. This study used machine learning to identify the strongest personal, school, and family correlates of mental well-being, overall mental health problems, and internalizing (anxiety and depression) and externalizing (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder) symptoms among school-age children and youth and examines whether associations vary across demographic subgroups. Data were drawn from the 2014-2015 School Mental Health Survey in Canada. Machine learning-based feature importance analyses on 24,692 youth (12,754 [51.7%] girls) identified school belonging as the strongest correlate of general mental well-being, lifestyle behaviors (e.g., sleep and exercise) as the strongest correlate of internalizing symptoms, and class preparedness as the strongest correlate of externalizing symptoms. By leveraging generalized random forest models, we found that the strongest correlates of general well-being and internalizing symptoms, but not externalizing symptoms, exhibited statistically significant group differences by gender, family immigration background, and parent education. For example, although school belonging was the strongest correlate of general mental well-being for both genders, higher belonging was associated with greater well-being among girls compared with boys. In addition, higher academic achievement and family relationship quality were associated with fewer internalizing symptoms among youth from immigrant families than those from nonimmigrant families. These findings highlight unique sets of personal, school, and family factors related to mental health among diverse youth, which may inform tailored interventions targeting these multilevel factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Etiological models of alcohol and cannabis use disorders hypothesize that people are more likely to use substances when experiencing heightened negative affect, yet recent Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) studies found no evidence for this daily association. To provide a robust understanding of whether and when affect regulation is supported in EMA, we tested within-person associations between affect and substance use across hundreds of statistical models in a diverse sample of young adults (n = 496) recruited from both college and community sources, aged 18-22 years (55.8% assigned female sex at birth, 44.2% assigned male sex at birth; 47.2% cisgender female, 43.8% cisgender male, 12.9% nonbinary/genderqueer/gender nonconforming, 4.0% transgender; 69.6% non-Hispanic White, 26.2% Asian, 6.7% African American, 8.5% Hispanic/Latino). Using specification curve analyses, we examined how different affect operationalizations, time scales, and moderators influenced these associations. For alcohol use, higher negative affect predicted decreased likelihood of drinking (median odds ratio = .95, p < .001), with 20.6% of specifications reaching significance. This counterintuitive pattern was strongest for sadness and when examining maximum daily negative affect. Surprisingly, and contrary to theoretical predictions, this negative association was slightly more pronounced among those with higher coping motives and at lower levels of alcohol use disorder symptoms. Positive affect showed a complex pattern, with high-arousal states like joviality strongly predicting increased drinking likelihood, whereas low-arousal states showed weaker associations. Neither affect type consistently predicted drinking quantity. For cannabis use, neither positive nor negative affect predicted use likelihood or quantity across specifications. These associations remained consistent regardless of substance use disorder severity or social context. Our findings challenge core assumptions of affect regulation models and suggest that, at least in young adults, the affect-substance use relationship is more nuanced than previously theorized, with implications for refining etiological models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).