Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1037/abn0000931
Sonia G Ruiz, Ifat Levy, Arielle Baskin-Sommers
Heightened sensitivity to costs during decision making consistently has been related to substance use. However, no work in this area has manipulated cost information to examine how people evaluate and compare multiple costs. Furthermore, limited work has examined how affective motivations for substance use modulate the evaluation of cost information. We administered a loss-frame variant of the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task in a diverse community sample (N = 126). Individuals who use substances to avoid negative affect allocated comparable effort across varying likelihoods of loss and computational modeling parameters indicated that they did not systematically consider cost information, which ultimately led these individuals to exert effort when it was disadvantageous to do so. Individuals who use substances to enhance positive affect allocated effort when loss magnitudes were small, suggesting that they effectively compared costs and worked to minimize those costs. Motivations for substance use differentially relate to the comparison of costly information, ultimately influencing effective decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Affective motivations for substance misuse differentially relate to consideration of multiple costs during effortful decision making.","authors":"Sonia G Ruiz, Ifat Levy, Arielle Baskin-Sommers","doi":"10.1037/abn0000931","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heightened sensitivity to costs during decision making consistently has been related to substance use. However, no work in this area has manipulated cost information to examine how people evaluate and compare multiple costs. Furthermore, limited work has examined how affective motivations for substance use modulate the evaluation of cost information. We administered a loss-frame variant of the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task in a diverse community sample (<i>N</i> = 126). Individuals who use substances to avoid negative affect allocated comparable effort across varying likelihoods of loss and computational modeling parameters indicated that they did not systematically consider cost information, which ultimately led these individuals to exert effort when it was disadvantageous to do so. Individuals who use substances to enhance positive affect allocated effort when loss magnitudes were small, suggesting that they effectively compared costs and worked to minimize those costs. Motivations for substance use differentially relate to the comparison of costly information, ultimately influencing effective decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1037/abn0000927
Ian H Stanley, Brian P Marx
Suicide attempts (SAs) are commonly assessed by asking patients and study participants face-valid questions about whether an individual has engaged in any self-injurious behavior with the intent to die within a given timeframe. Unfortunately, for most clinical and scientific endeavors, only information about the presence vs. absence of a SA is documented and analyzed. In this Viewpoint, we discuss how such a dichotomous operationalization of SAs obscures important heterogeneity among those who have attempted suicide. There are several facets of SAs, beyond the simple presence vs. absence, that are important to consider because they have implications regarding acute and long-term clinical outcomes. These facets include the level of intent to die, the means used and associated risk for death, the actual medical consequences of the attempt, and the chronicity of the behavior. We discuss how considering these SA facets-in theory testing and refinement, the design, analysis, and interpretation of research findings, and clinical practice-will improve the impact of scientific findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
本文讨论了自杀未遂的二分法操作方法。每年,全世界都有数百万人试图自杀(SA)。由于自杀未遂的重要性不言而喻,临床医生和研究人员通常会通过询问一个人在特定时间段内是否有过以死亡为目的的自残行为来评估其自杀未遂史。回答选项通常是二分法(是/否),因此,如果一个人报告其行为与死亡意向非零相关,或者如果有其他暗示死亡意向的指标,则该人将被视为企图自杀。无论采用哪种确定方法,人们普遍认为患者和研究参与者要么有自杀史,要么没有。我们的目的并不是要表明,与不太严重的自杀行为相比,更严重的自杀行为--无论是从死亡意图的程度、使用的手段、实际的医疗后果还是慢性标准来看--更值得临床和科学界关注。相反,我们的目的是让更多的人意识到,在理论测试和完善、研究结果的设计、分析和解释以及临床实践中,应将可猝死行为视为在死亡意图、使用手段、实际医疗后果和慢性程度方面各不相同的多维行为。通过这样做,科学发现的临床影响将更容易辨别。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
{"title":"Beyond a dichotomous operationalization of suicide attempts.","authors":"Ian H Stanley, Brian P Marx","doi":"10.1037/abn0000927","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide attempts (SAs) are commonly assessed by asking patients and study participants face-valid questions about whether an individual has engaged in any self-injurious behavior with the intent to die within a given timeframe. Unfortunately, for most clinical and scientific endeavors, only information about the presence vs. absence of a SA is documented and analyzed. In this Viewpoint, we discuss how such a dichotomous operationalization of SAs obscures important heterogeneity among those who have attempted suicide. There are several facets of SAs, beyond the simple presence vs. absence, that are important to consider because they have implications regarding acute and long-term clinical outcomes. These facets include the level of intent to die, the means used and associated risk for death, the actual medical consequences of the attempt, and the chronicity of the behavior. We discuss how considering these SA facets-in theory testing and refinement, the design, analysis, and interpretation of research findings, and clinical practice-will improve the impact of scientific findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework offers the potential to better understand how neurobiological mechanisms relate to psychopathology. The P300 is an event-related potential component that indexes attention, stimulus evaluation, and categorization. A blunted P300 has been associated with psychiatric disorders across externalizing, internalizing, and thought disorder domains. However, there has been little research investigating whether the P300 is related to higher-order dimensions of psychopathology. In a sample of 225 adults aged 18-35 years (Mage = 23.09, SD = 3.83, 82.2% female) who were oversampled for psychopathology, the present study examined the associations between the P300 and both psychopathology spectra and a general factor. Participants completed multiple experimental tasks, while electroencephalography was recorded to measure the P300 elicited by auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli. Participants also completed the self-report Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorder to assess pathological personality dimensions. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between a latent P300 factor and both psychopathology spectra (negative emotionality, detachment, psychoticism, disinhibition, and antagonism) and a general factor. The results indicated that the P300 was inversely related to the general factor. Further analyses revealed no relationships between the P300 and any individual spectrum when accounting for the general factor. Overall, the present study indicates that the P300 is associated with the general factor of psychopathology, which might explain its association with multiple categorical disorders. The study also demonstrates the potential importance of neuroscience-informed dimensional systems to understand clinical phenomena. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"The P300 and hierarchical dimensions of psychopathology.","authors":"Jadyn Trayvick, Elise M Adams, Brady D Nelson","doi":"10.1037/abn0000955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework offers the potential to better understand how neurobiological mechanisms relate to psychopathology. The P300 is an event-related potential component that indexes attention, stimulus evaluation, and categorization. A blunted P300 has been associated with psychiatric disorders across externalizing, internalizing, and thought disorder domains. However, there has been little research investigating whether the P300 is related to higher-order dimensions of psychopathology. In a sample of 225 adults aged 18-35 years (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 23.09, <i>SD</i> = 3.83, 82.2% female) who were oversampled for psychopathology, the present study examined the associations between the P300 and both psychopathology spectra and a general factor. Participants completed multiple experimental tasks, while electroencephalography was recorded to measure the P300 elicited by auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli. Participants also completed the self-report Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorder to assess pathological personality dimensions. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between a latent P300 factor and both psychopathology spectra (negative emotionality, detachment, psychoticism, disinhibition, and antagonism) and a general factor. The results indicated that the P300 was inversely related to the general factor. Further analyses revealed no relationships between the P300 and any individual spectrum when accounting for the general factor. Overall, the present study indicates that the P300 is associated with the general factor of psychopathology, which might explain its association with multiple categorical disorders. The study also demonstrates the potential importance of neuroscience-informed dimensional systems to understand clinical phenomena. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexia E Miller, Ege Bicaker, Vittoria Trolio, Carl F Falk, Chloe White, Lisa Y Zhu, Sarah E Racine
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is highly comorbid with eating disorders (EDs), and comorbid ED-BPD is associated with a worse clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. Understanding how BPD symptoms manifest in the daily lives of those with EDs and predict momentary ED symptoms has important treatment implications. This study: (a) compared the nine BPD symptoms, assessed across 14 days, in individuals with comorbid ED-BPD, only an ED, and no ED; and (b) examined average and momentary relationships between BPD symptoms and specific ED symptoms (i.e., binge eating, purging, restriction, and maladaptive exercise) in women with EDs. Individuals with comorbid ED-BPD (n = 60), only an ED (n = 114), and controls (n = 47) completed 14 days of ecological momentary assessment. All BPD symptoms except affective instability were more common in individuals with comorbid ED-BPD than those with only an ED. Affective instability and paranoia/dissociation had the largest effect sizes, indicating the greatest differences across groups. Individuals with more frequent abandonment avoidance, anger, identity disturbance, paranoia/dissociation, and self-harm over the 14 days engaged in more frequent binge eating, while those with greater emptiness engaged in more frequent restriction and maladaptive exercise. Momentary affective instability predicted an increased likelihood of binge eating, while momentary interpersonal difficulties predicted a decreased likelihood of binge eating, at the next prompt. This study highlights the importance of considering BPD symptoms in the treatment of individuals with EDs to improve their clinical outcomes and quality of life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
边缘型人格障碍(BPD)与进食障碍(ED)高度合并,合并 ED-BPD 的患者临床表现和治疗效果更差。了解 BPD 症状如何在进食障碍患者的日常生活中表现出来,以及如何预测一时的进食障碍症状,对治疗具有重要意义。本研究:(a) 比较了合并 ED-BPD、仅有 ED 和无 ED 患者在 14 天内评估的九种 BPD 症状;(b) 研究了 ED 女性患者的 BPD 症状与特定 ED 症状(即暴食、清除、限制和适应不良运动)之间的平均关系和瞬间关系。合并有 ED-BPD 的个体(n = 60)、仅有 ED 的个体(n = 114)和对照组(n = 47)完成了 14 天的生态瞬间评估。除情感不稳定外,所有 BPD 症状在合并 ED-BPD 的患者中都比仅有 ED 的患者更常见。情感不稳定性和偏执/离群具有最大的效应大小,表明各组之间的差异最大。在 14 天内更频繁地出现逃避被遗弃、愤怒、身份障碍、偏执/解离和自残行为的人更频繁地暴饮暴食,而更空虚的人则更频繁地限制饮食和进行适应不良的运动。瞬间情绪不稳定预示着暴食的可能性增加,而瞬间人际关系困难则预示着下次提示时暴食的可能性降低。这项研究强调了在治疗 ED 患者时考虑 BPD 症状以改善其临床疗效和生活质量的重要性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,版权所有)。
{"title":"Capturing the experience of borderline personality disorder symptoms in the daily lives of women with eating disorders.","authors":"Alexia E Miller, Ege Bicaker, Vittoria Trolio, Carl F Falk, Chloe White, Lisa Y Zhu, Sarah E Racine","doi":"10.1037/abn0000953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is highly comorbid with eating disorders (EDs), and comorbid ED-BPD is associated with a worse clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. Understanding how BPD symptoms manifest in the daily lives of those with EDs and predict momentary ED symptoms has important treatment implications. This study: (a) compared the nine BPD symptoms, assessed across 14 days, in individuals with comorbid ED-BPD, only an ED, and no ED; and (b) examined average and momentary relationships between BPD symptoms and specific ED symptoms (i.e., binge eating, purging, restriction, and maladaptive exercise) in women with EDs. Individuals with comorbid ED-BPD (<i>n</i> = 60), only an ED (<i>n</i> = 114), and controls (<i>n</i> = 47) completed 14 days of ecological momentary assessment. All BPD symptoms except affective instability were more common in individuals with comorbid ED-BPD than those with only an ED. Affective instability and paranoia/dissociation had the largest effect sizes, indicating the greatest differences across groups. Individuals with more frequent abandonment avoidance, anger, identity disturbance, paranoia/dissociation, and self-harm over the 14 days engaged in more frequent binge eating, while those with greater emptiness engaged in more frequent restriction and maladaptive exercise. Momentary affective instability predicted an increased likelihood of binge eating, while momentary interpersonal difficulties predicted a decreased likelihood of binge eating, at the next prompt. This study highlights the importance of considering BPD symptoms in the treatment of individuals with EDs to improve their clinical outcomes and quality of life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shabnam Hossein, Mary L Woody, Benjamin Panny, Crystal Spotts, Meredith L Wallace, Sanjay J Mathew, Robert H Howland, Rebecca B Price
Ketamine has shown promise in rapidly improving symptoms of depression and most notably treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, given the heterogeneity of TRD, biobehavioral markers of treatment response are necessary for the personalized prescription of intravenous ketamine. Heterogeneity in depression can be manifested in discrete patterns of functional connectivity (FC) in default mode, ventral affective, and cognitive control networks. This study employed a data-driven approach to parse FC during positive mood processing to characterize subgroups of patients with TRD prior to infusion and determine whether these connectivity-based subgroups could predict subsequent antidepressant response to ketamine compared to saline infusion. 152 adult patients with TRD completed a baseline assessment of FC during positive mood processing and were randomly assigned to either ketamine or saline infusion. The assessment utilized Subgroup-Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation to recover directed connectivity maps and applied Walktrap algorithm to determine data-driven subgroups. Depression severity was assessed pre- and 24-hr postinfusion. Two connectivity-based subgroups were identified: Subgroup A (n = 110) and Subgroup B (n = 42). We observed that treatment response was moderated by an infusion type by subgroup interaction (p = .040). For patients receiving ketamine, subgroup did not predict treatment response (β = -.326, p = .499). However, subgroup predicted response for saline patients. Subgroup B individuals, relative to A, were more likely to be saline responders at 24-hr postinfusion (β = -2.146, p = .007). Thus, while ketamine improved depressive symptoms uniformly across both subgroups, this heterogeneity was a predictor of placebo response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Functional connectivity subtypes during a positive mood induction: Predicting clinical response in a randomized controlled trial of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression.","authors":"Shabnam Hossein, Mary L Woody, Benjamin Panny, Crystal Spotts, Meredith L Wallace, Sanjay J Mathew, Robert H Howland, Rebecca B Price","doi":"10.1037/abn0000951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ketamine has shown promise in rapidly improving symptoms of depression and most notably treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, given the heterogeneity of TRD, biobehavioral markers of treatment response are necessary for the personalized prescription of intravenous ketamine. Heterogeneity in depression can be manifested in discrete patterns of functional connectivity (FC) in default mode, ventral affective, and cognitive control networks. This study employed a data-driven approach to parse FC during positive mood processing to characterize subgroups of patients with TRD prior to infusion and determine whether these connectivity-based subgroups could predict subsequent antidepressant response to ketamine compared to saline infusion. 152 adult patients with TRD completed a baseline assessment of FC during positive mood processing and were randomly assigned to either ketamine or saline infusion. The assessment utilized Subgroup-Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation to recover directed connectivity maps and applied Walktrap algorithm to determine data-driven subgroups. Depression severity was assessed pre- and 24-hr postinfusion. Two connectivity-based subgroups were identified: Subgroup A (<i>n</i> = 110) and Subgroup B (<i>n</i> = 42). We observed that treatment response was moderated by an infusion type by subgroup interaction (<i>p</i> = .040). For patients receiving ketamine, subgroup did not predict treatment response (β = -.326, <i>p</i> = .499). However, subgroup predicted response for saline patients. Subgroup B individuals, relative to A, were more likely to be saline responders at 24-hr postinfusion (β = -2.146, <i>p</i> = .007). Thus, while ketamine improved depressive symptoms uniformly across both subgroups, this heterogeneity was a predictor of placebo response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew K Nock, Adam C Jaroszewski, Charlene A Deming, Catherine R Glenn, Alexander J Millner, Mark Knepley, James A Naifeh, Murray B Stein, Ronald C Kessler, Robert J Ursano
Most studies aimed at understanding suicidal behavior have focused on quantifying the associations between putative risk factors and suicidal behavior in comparative studies of cases and controls. The current study, in comparison, exclusively focused on cases-89 Army soldiers presenting for hospital care following a suicide attempt-and attempted to reveal the antecedents of, reasons for, and consequences of suicide attempts. This mixed-methods study using qualitative interviews and self-report surveys/interviews revealed that in most cases, the most recent onset of suicidal thoughts began shortly before the suicide attempt and were not disclosed to others, limiting opportunities for intervention via traditional approaches. The primary reason given for attempting suicide was to escape from psychologically aversive conditions after concluding that no other effective strategies or options were available. Participants reported both negative (e.g., self-view, guilt) and positive (e.g., learning new skills, receiving support) consequences of their suicide attempt-and described things they believe would have prevented them from making the attempt. These findings provide new insights into the motivational and contextual factors for suicidal behavior and highlight several novel directions for prevention and intervention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
大多数旨在了解自杀行为的研究都侧重于在病例和对照的比较研究中量化假定风险因素与自杀行为之间的关联。相比之下,本研究只关注病例--89 名自杀未遂后到医院接受治疗的陆军士兵,并试图揭示自杀未遂的前因、原因和后果。这项采用定性访谈和自我报告调查/访谈的混合方法研究显示,在大多数情况下,最近一次出现自杀念头是在自杀未遂前不久,而且并未向他人透露,这限制了通过传统方法进行干预的机会。自杀未遂的主要原因是在断定没有其他有效策略或选择后,为了逃避心理厌恶的环境。参与者报告了自杀未遂的消极后果(如自我看法、负罪感)和积极后果(如学习新技能、获得支持),并描述了他们认为可以阻止他们自杀的事情。这些发现为自杀行为的动机和背景因素提供了新的视角,并为预防和干预工作指明了几个新的方向。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Antecedents, reasons for, and consequences of suicide attempts: Results from a qualitative study of 89 suicide attempts among army soldiers.","authors":"Matthew K Nock, Adam C Jaroszewski, Charlene A Deming, Catherine R Glenn, Alexander J Millner, Mark Knepley, James A Naifeh, Murray B Stein, Ronald C Kessler, Robert J Ursano","doi":"10.1037/abn0000935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most studies aimed at understanding suicidal behavior have focused on quantifying the associations between putative risk factors and suicidal behavior in comparative studies of cases and controls. The current study, in comparison, exclusively focused on cases-89 Army soldiers presenting for hospital care following a suicide attempt-and attempted to reveal the antecedents of, reasons for, and consequences of suicide attempts. This mixed-methods study using qualitative interviews and self-report surveys/interviews revealed that in most cases, the most recent onset of suicidal thoughts began shortly before the suicide attempt and were not disclosed to others, limiting opportunities for intervention via traditional approaches. The primary reason given for attempting suicide was to escape from psychologically aversive conditions after concluding that no other effective strategies or options were available. Participants reported both negative (e.g., self-view, guilt) and positive (e.g., learning new skills, receiving support) consequences of their suicide attempt-and described things they believe would have prevented them from making the attempt. These findings provide new insights into the motivational and contextual factors for suicidal behavior and highlight several novel directions for prevention and intervention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is more frequently diagnosed among sexual minority (SM) populations. SM populations also report higher levels of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, two core domains of clinical problems that are highly comorbid with BPD. Contextual factors (e.g., group-specific norms) might affect endorsement of BPD items for reasons other than an underlying liability to experience BPD or internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Therefore, BPD items may be "easier" to endorse (i.e., be associated with lower indicator thresholds) for SM populations relative to non-SM populations. We tested this hypothesis in a large, nationally representative sample of the U.S. population (N = 35,723, SM n = 1,150) using an item response theory approach. Several BPD indicators demonstrated differential item functioning of indicator thresholds, though these results varied based on impairment and sex. Endorsement of impulsive sex and chronic suicidality were consistently associated with lower indicator thresholds among SM groups; lower BPD, internalizing and externalizing factor levels were necessary for item endorsement for SM individuals. Chronic suicidality and impulsivity criteria may conflate BPD-related variance with SM-specific factors, such as potentially nonpathological SM group norms and minority stress processes. Implications for equitable diagnosis and future research on the BPD syndrome in SM populations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
边缘型人格障碍(BPD)在性少数群体(SM)中的诊断率更高。性少数群体还报告了更高水平的内化和外化精神病理学,这是临床问题的两个核心领域,与 BPD 高度合并。情境因素(如特定群体的规范)可能会影响对 BPD 项目的认可,其原因可能不在于 BPD 或内化和外化精神病理学的潜在责任。因此,相对于非SM人群,SM人群可能 "更容易 "认可BPD项目(即与较低的指标阈值相关)。我们使用项目反应理论方法,在一个具有全国代表性的大型美国人口样本(N = 35,723, SM n = 1,150)中测试了这一假设。一些 BPD 指标显示了指标阈值的不同项目功能,尽管这些结果因损伤和性别而异。在 SM 群体中,性冲动和慢性自杀的认可一直与较低的指标阈值相关;较低的 BPD、内化和外化因子水平是 SM 个人认可项目的必要条件。慢性自杀倾向和冲动性标准可能会混淆BPD相关变异与SM特异性因素,如潜在的非病理性SM群体规范和少数群体压力过程。本文讨论了公平诊断的意义以及未来对 SM 群体中 BPD 综合征的研究。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Investigating differential item functioning among borderline personality disorder diagnostic criteria and internalizing/externalizing domains based on sexual orientation.","authors":"Shayan Asadi,Takakuni Suzuki,Craig Rodriguez-Seijas","doi":"10.1037/abn0000941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000941","url":null,"abstract":"Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is more frequently diagnosed among sexual minority (SM) populations. SM populations also report higher levels of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, two core domains of clinical problems that are highly comorbid with BPD. Contextual factors (e.g., group-specific norms) might affect endorsement of BPD items for reasons other than an underlying liability to experience BPD or internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Therefore, BPD items may be \"easier\" to endorse (i.e., be associated with lower indicator thresholds) for SM populations relative to non-SM populations. We tested this hypothesis in a large, nationally representative sample of the U.S. population (N = 35,723, SM n = 1,150) using an item response theory approach. Several BPD indicators demonstrated differential item functioning of indicator thresholds, though these results varied based on impairment and sex. Endorsement of impulsive sex and chronic suicidality were consistently associated with lower indicator thresholds among SM groups; lower BPD, internalizing and externalizing factor levels were necessary for item endorsement for SM individuals. Chronic suicidality and impulsivity criteria may conflate BPD-related variance with SM-specific factors, such as potentially nonpathological SM group norms and minority stress processes. Implications for equitable diagnosis and future research on the BPD syndrome in SM populations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many academics and pundits contend that social media use is the primary cause of an international youth mental health crisis. However, these claims often rely on correlational evidence, ignoring the confounding effects of developmental, environmental, social, and psychological factors that influence mental health. This oversimplifies the complex etiology of mental health problems. We call for a more nuanced understanding of the role of social media in youth mental health that avoids oversimplification. Additionally, we urge researchers to move beyond vague, narrative-driven verbal theories and encode them into precise, testable causal models. Using simulation techniques and specification curve analyses, we show how misspecified models that ignore these confounding factors can lead to biased conclusions about social media's adverse effects. This simplistic focus on social media use diverts attention from the broader factors contributing to youth mental health problems, hindering the development of effective interventions and support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
许多学者和专家认为,社交媒体的使用是造成国际青少年心理健康危机的主要原因。然而,这些说法往往依赖于相关证据,忽视了影响心理健康的发展、环境、社会和心理因素的混杂效应。这过于简化了心理健康问题的复杂病因。我们呼吁对社交媒体在青少年心理健康中的作用有更细致的了解,避免过度简化。此外,我们敦促研究人员超越模糊的、以叙述为导向的口头理论,将其编码为精确的、可检验的因果模型。利用模拟技术和规范曲线分析,我们展示了忽略这些混杂因素的错误规范模型是如何导致对社交媒体不良影响得出有偏差的结论的。这种对社交媒体使用的简单化关注转移了人们对导致青少年心理健康问题的更广泛因素的关注,从而阻碍了有效干预和支持的发展。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Social media and youth mental health: Simple narratives produce biased interpretations.","authors":"Craig J R Sewall,Douglas A Parry","doi":"10.1037/abn0000950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000950","url":null,"abstract":"Many academics and pundits contend that social media use is the primary cause of an international youth mental health crisis. However, these claims often rely on correlational evidence, ignoring the confounding effects of developmental, environmental, social, and psychological factors that influence mental health. This oversimplifies the complex etiology of mental health problems. We call for a more nuanced understanding of the role of social media in youth mental health that avoids oversimplification. Additionally, we urge researchers to move beyond vague, narrative-driven verbal theories and encode them into precise, testable causal models. Using simulation techniques and specification curve analyses, we show how misspecified models that ignore these confounding factors can lead to biased conclusions about social media's adverse effects. This simplistic focus on social media use diverts attention from the broader factors contributing to youth mental health problems, hindering the development of effective interventions and support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the concept of "experience" in experience sampling. A central challenge of clinical science is understanding psychopathological constructs and their manifestations. In conventional definitions and measures of psychopathology, subjective experience of mental disorder is often lost. The authors argue for an integration of phenomenology-or prioritization of subjectivity-in psychopathological construct definition and measurement, particularly through experience sampling methods (ESMs). ESMs capture idiographic, contextual, and longitudinal elements of lived experience that can expand our current conceptualizations and classifications of psychopathology. The authors propose three novel applications and extensions: (a) leveraging ESM for subjective construct definition (i.e., phenomena detection), (b) mixed-methods approaches, like cognitive interviewing, to improve the validity of ESM measures and (c) incorporation of novel ESM approaches (e.g., audiovisual data capturing) to expand understanding of subjective, daily experience of psychopathology. Merging phenomenological tradition with ESM serves to expand our understanding of psychopathology and bring "experience" back into experience sampling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Putting the \"experience\" back in experience sampling: A phenomenological approach.","authors":"Gil Grunfeld, Laura F Bringmann, Daniel Fulford","doi":"10.1037/abn0000928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses the concept of \"experience\" in experience sampling. A central challenge of clinical science is understanding psychopathological constructs and their manifestations. In conventional definitions and measures of psychopathology, subjective experience of mental disorder is often lost. The authors argue for an integration of phenomenology-or prioritization of subjectivity-in psychopathological construct definition and measurement, particularly through experience sampling methods (ESMs). ESMs capture idiographic, contextual, and longitudinal elements of lived experience that can expand our current conceptualizations and classifications of psychopathology. The authors propose three novel applications and extensions: (a) leveraging ESM for subjective construct definition (i.e., phenomena detection), (b) mixed-methods approaches, like cognitive interviewing, to improve the validity of ESM measures and (c) incorporation of novel ESM approaches (e.g., audiovisual data capturing) to expand understanding of subjective, daily experience of psychopathology. Merging phenomenological tradition with ESM serves to expand our understanding of psychopathology and bring \"experience\" back into experience sampling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1037/abn0000913
Beáta Bőthe, Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel, Sophie Bergeron, Zsombor Hermann, Krisztián Ivaskevics, Shane W Kraus, Joshua B Grubbs
Problematic pornography use (PPU) is the most common manifestation of the newly introduced compulsive sexual behavior disorder diagnosis in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Research related to PPU has proliferated in the past two decades, but most prior studies were characterized by several shortcomings (e.g., using homogenous, small samples), resulting in crucial knowledge gaps and a limited understanding concerning empirically based risk factors for PPU. This study aimed to identify the most robust risk factors for PPU using a preregistered study design. Independent laboratories' 74 preexisting self-report data sets (Nparticipants = 112,397; Ncountries = 16) were combined to identify which factors can best predict PPU using an artificial intelligence-based method (i.e., machine learning). We conducted random forest models on each data set to examine how different sociodemographic, psychological, and other characteristics predict PPU, and combined the results of all data sets using random-effects meta-analysis with meta-analytic moderators (e.g., community vs. treatment-seeking samples). Predictors explained 45.84% of the variance in PPU scores. Out of the 700+ potential predictors, 17 variables emerged as significant predictors across data sets, with the top five being (a) pornography use frequency, (b) emotional avoidance pornography use motivation, (c) stress reduction pornography use motivation, (d) moral incongruence toward pornography use, and (e) sexual shame. This study is the largest and most integrative data analytic effort in the field to date. Findings contribute to a better understanding of PPU's etiology and may provide deeper insights for developing more efficient, cost-effective, empirically based directions for future research as well as prevention and intervention programs targeting PPU. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Uncovering the most robust predictors of problematic pornography use: A large-scale machine learning study across 16 countries.","authors":"Beáta Bőthe, Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel, Sophie Bergeron, Zsombor Hermann, Krisztián Ivaskevics, Shane W Kraus, Joshua B Grubbs","doi":"10.1037/abn0000913","DOIUrl":"10.1037/abn0000913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Problematic pornography use (PPU) is the most common manifestation of the newly introduced compulsive sexual behavior disorder diagnosis in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Research related to PPU has proliferated in the past two decades, but most prior studies were characterized by several shortcomings (e.g., using homogenous, small samples), resulting in crucial knowledge gaps and a limited understanding concerning empirically based risk factors for PPU. This study aimed to identify the most robust risk factors for PPU using a preregistered study design. Independent laboratories' 74 preexisting self-report data sets (<i>N</i><sub>participants</sub> = 112,397; <i>N</i><sub>countries</sub> = 16) were combined to identify which factors can best predict PPU using an artificial intelligence-based method (i.e., machine learning). We conducted random forest models on each data set to examine how different sociodemographic, psychological, and other characteristics predict PPU, and combined the results of all data sets using random-effects meta-analysis with meta-analytic moderators (e.g., community vs. treatment-seeking samples). Predictors explained 45.84% of the variance in PPU scores. Out of the 700+ potential predictors, 17 variables emerged as significant predictors across data sets, with the top five being (a) pornography use frequency, (b) emotional avoidance pornography use motivation, (c) stress reduction pornography use motivation, (d) moral incongruence toward pornography use, and (e) sexual shame. This study is the largest and most integrative data analytic effort in the field to date. Findings contribute to a better understanding of PPU's etiology and may provide deeper insights for developing more efficient, cost-effective, empirically based directions for future research as well as prevention and intervention programs targeting PPU. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":73914,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychopathology and clinical science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}