Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP最新文献

This analysis explores the basis for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requiring a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for mifepristone for the termination of intrauterine pregnancy. Controversies surround mifepristone and its REMS. The safety and efficacy of mifepristone are briefly reviewed with respect to FDA's actions. It is difficult to justify the continued requirement for a REMS for mifepristone by applying the regulatory framework and considering mifepristone's safety record. Drugs with higher risks are on the US market without an FDA-mandated REMS. Canada removed all restrictions on the use of mifepristone for abortion, which has not resulted in patient safety concerns. All pharmacists should be permitted to dispense mifepristone. The continued requirement for a mifepristone REMS in the US appears to be based more on politics rather than evidence.

Shelton CM. Part II: recorded webcast: vaping. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2024;7(9):971–5.

The self-assessment questions are incorrect, and not the assessment tied to this learning activity. The correct 12 questions are available upon purchase of the product.

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2024 ACCP Virtual Poster Symposium May 21–22, 2024. J. Am. Coll. Clin. Pharm. 2024;7:682–737.

Due to an oversight, the following abstract was inadvertently omitted from the published 2024 ACCP Virtual Poster Symposium abstracts. We regret the omission and are publishing the abstract below.

VPS Advances in International Clinical Pharmacy, Education and Training

The Use of Virtual Simulated Patients in Clinical Pharmacy Education: A Computer-Based Simulation.

Yuanhui Hu, Master, Yuyao Pei, Doctor, Feng Yu, B.Sc(Med), M.Sc, PhD, Ruoxin Huang, Master and Yufen Zheng, Doctor

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Abstract Text:

Service or Program: Development of virtual simulated patient teaching software for pharmaceutical care skills training and its application to clinical pharmacy students at China Pharmaceutical University.

Justification/Documentation: Students visited the virtual simulation lab to undergo training with virtual simulated patient cases, which involved caring for patients afflicted with various diseases: cancer pain, osteoporosis, acne, asthma, diabetes, and other diseases. Each simulation patient training session necessitated students to undertake the following tasks: (1) review the patient's basic information; (2) gather essential patient data; (3) evaluate the patient's condition and devise a monitoring plan, as well as provide patient education, information collection and patient education need to be implemented with virtual patients. Students reported that this experience aided in enhancing their information-gathering abilities, reinforcing their understanding of course material, and applying it in real-world scenarios. They also noted that it contributed to their improved performance on the final assessment.

Adaptability: The adaptability of utilizing virtual simulated patients in clinical pharmacy education stems from their versatility and ability to replicate diverse clinical scenarios. Virtual simulated patients can be programmed to mimic various medical conditions, enabling students to practice clinical decision-making and patient care in a controlled environment. Consequently, they can be effectively and sustainably incorporated into the teaching of clinical pharmacy.

Significance: A virtual simulation patient teaching software can assist students in enhancing their knowledge and practical skills, while also aiding teachers in reducing lesson preparation time and enhancing teaching efficiency. This addresses the gap in virtual simulation teaching tools for pharmacy practice skills in China.

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Therapeutic decision-making (TDM) often occurs under conditions of scientific uncertainty, including decisions on how to manage the majority of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). The existence of many DDIs is not firmly established, and there is an unfortunate tendency to make decisions based on the binary assessment of whether or not a particular DDI is real, rather than taking a more probabilistic and holistic approach to TDM. There also seems to be an undue fear of making a Type I error (assuming the DDI is real when it is not) while ignoring the often much greater risk of a Type II error (assuming the DDI is not real, when it is). Thus, a more rational TDM process for such DDIs is needed. In his famous “Wager,” philosopher-mathematician Blaise Pascal made a probabilistic argument for believing in God. Instead of considering probability in isolation, Pascal linked the probability of God's existence with the severity of the outcome (an eternity in Hell for non-believers) and also added a third factor—the ease with which the risk can be avoided. We propose a novel paradigm for TDM that uses all three of Pascal's steps: probability, severity, and avoidability. We present several specific DDI examples to demonstrate how Pascal's Uncertainty Principle can help pharmacists make clinical management decisions for these DDIs. We suggest that this process be called “Pascal's Uncertainty Principle” rather than “Pascal's Wager,” because it can be used to make rational decisions in the presence of uncertainty in many non-theological situations. This process reinforces the value of philosophical training for pharmacy students.

Acquisto NM, Beavers CJ, Bolesta S, Buckley MS, Dobbins KF, Finch CK, et al. Development and application of quality measures ofclinical pharmacist services provided in inpatient/acute care settings. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2021;4(12):1601-1617. doi:10.1002/jac5.1559.

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This commentary, written by past presidents of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, highlights the benefits of serving in leadership roles within professional associations to the leaders themselves, their employers, their colleagues, and the broader profession. Fostering the development of leaders is a necessary step to advance pharmacy's future. Leaders benefit not only from the reinvigoration and personal growth associated with their service effort but also from the further development of skills such as collaboration and consensus-building, written and oral communication, critical thinking, leadership, and time management. The honing of these skills has benefits at the leader's workplace. Colleagues in businesses outside health care view this type of leadership experience as external training to develop and refine organizational communication and leadership skills and better prepare their employees for the future. The leader also learns best practices and new perspectives that, when shared locally, can energize the employer organization. Beyond the benefits to the leader and the leader's employer, there are holistic benefits of association service to the profession and interprofessional teams. With this in mind, we suggest that employers welcome opportunities to have their coworkers serve in elected or appointed positions within professional associations.