There are ever-expanding opportunities in drug development for pharmacists. Mechanisms available to train post-Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) graduates for careers in drug development have undergone dramatic evolution, particularly in the past decade. However, there has not been a student or early career-centric summary of these opportunities. Guidance on the training opportunities and pathways available for pharmacists interested in a career in drug development, particularly in the context of the authors' experiences and knowledge of the field, are provided. Past literature guidelines on training programs were reviewed, and recent publications of industry-sponsored fellowship programs are summarized. Limited contemporary publications related to this topic from a global perspective were found; however, recent publications of industry-sponsored fellowship program information revealed some important issues related to program structure and trainee placement. Pharmacists interested in a career in drug development should consider both the program content and pathway they pursue to achieve their ultimate career trajectory.
{"title":"From Pharmacist to Pharma: Advice on Career Pathways in Drug Development","authors":"William P. Petros, J. Robert Powell","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are ever-expanding opportunities in drug development for pharmacists. Mechanisms available to train post-Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) graduates for careers in drug development have undergone dramatic evolution, particularly in the past decade. However, there has not been a student or early career-centric summary of these opportunities. Guidance on the training opportunities and pathways available for pharmacists interested in a career in drug development, particularly in the context of the authors' experiences and knowledge of the field, are provided. Past literature guidelines on training programs were reviewed, and recent publications of industry-sponsored fellowship programs are summarized. Limited contemporary publications related to this topic from a global perspective were found; however, recent publications of industry-sponsored fellowship program information revealed some important issues related to program structure and trainee placement. Pharmacists interested in a career in drug development should consider both the program content and pathway they pursue to achieve their ultimate career trajectory.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"1023-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacists are in a unique position to lead an interprofessional, cardiovascular (CV) team to advanced lipid management in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The role of pharmacist-driven care teams for lipid management in the transition of care space (TOC) is not well defined.
Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a pharmacist-driven, interprofessional lipid optimization workflow in the transitions of care (LOW-TOC) setting versus routine inpatient optimization workflow, termed passive optimization (PO).
Methods
This observational study investigated the utilization of a population-health based, quality improvement (QI) initiative at an urban teaching hospital over a four-month period. Eligible patients with ASCVD were identified and evaluated for intervention in the TOC space by trained pharmacists. An interprofessional approach (LOW-TOC) was used to update lipid panels and optimize statin and non-statin therapies. The primary outcome of interest was the increase in the number of successful lipid optimizations with the LOW-TOC model. Secondary outcomes observed specific lipid optimization outcomes including updated lipid panels and statin and non-statin optimization.
Results
In total, 207 patients with established ASCVD had 174 possible lipid optimization recommendations identified (89 in LOW-TOC, 85 in PO). A total of 96 lipid optimizations were accepted and implemented. The number of optimizations using the novel LOW-TOC workflow was significantly greater than those of the passive model (86/96 [89.6%] LOW-TOC vs. 10/96 [10.4%] PO, p < 0.0001). LOW-TOC significantly increased the number of statin and non-statin initiations and improved low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) monitoring.
Conclusions
The implementation of the LOW-TOC approach to CV team-based lipid management was associated with significantly increased optimizations compared with the standard process typically utilized in many health systems. These findings support the utility of pharmacists leading the CV team in optimizing lipid management using a population health model in TOC settings.
药剂师在领导一个跨专业的心血管（CV）团队对动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）患者进行高级脂质管理方面具有独特的地位。在过渡护理空间（TOC）中，药剂师驱动的脂质管理护理小组的作用尚未得到很好的定义。本研究的目的是评估药剂师驱动的、跨专业的脂质优化工作流程在转院护理（LOW-TOC）环境下与常规住院优化工作流程（称为被动优化（PO））的临床效果。方法：本观察性研究调查了一家城市教学医院在4个月的时间里以人口健康为基础的质量改善（QI）计划的使用情况。合格的ASCVD患者由训练有素的药剂师确定并评估TOC空间的干预。采用跨专业方法（LOW-TOC）更新脂质面板并优化他汀类药物和非他汀类药物治疗。主要结果是通过LOW-TOC模型成功的脂质优化数量的增加。次要结果观察到特定的脂质优化结果，包括更新的脂质面板和他汀类药物和非他汀类药物优化。结果：207例ASCVD患者共确定了174项可能的脂质优化建议（LOW-TOC 89例，PO 85例）。共接受并实施了96项脂质优化。使用新型LOW-TOC工作流的优化次数明显大于被动模型（86/96 [89.6%]LOW-TOC vs. 10/96 [10.4%] PO, p < 0.0001）。低toc显著增加了他汀类药物和非他汀类药物的起始数量，并改善了低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）监测。与许多卫生系统通常使用的标准流程相比，采用低toc方法进行心血管团队脂质管理可显著提高优化程度。这些发现支持药剂师领导CV团队在TOC环境下使用人群健康模型优化脂质管理的效用。
{"title":"The Impact of a Pharmacist-Driven, Interprofessional Lipid Optimization Workflow in a Transitions of Care (LOW-TOC) Pilot Program","authors":"Jillian Searle, Youssef Bessada","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacists are in a unique position to lead an interprofessional, cardiovascular (CV) team to advanced lipid management in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The role of pharmacist-driven care teams for lipid management in the transition of care space (TOC) is not well defined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a pharmacist-driven, interprofessional lipid optimization workflow in the transitions of care (LOW-TOC) setting versus routine inpatient optimization workflow, termed passive optimization (PO).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This observational study investigated the utilization of a population-health based, quality improvement (QI) initiative at an urban teaching hospital over a four-month period. Eligible patients with ASCVD were identified and evaluated for intervention in the TOC space by trained pharmacists. An interprofessional approach (LOW-TOC) was used to update lipid panels and optimize statin and non-statin therapies. The primary outcome of interest was the increase in the number of successful lipid optimizations with the LOW-TOC model. Secondary outcomes observed specific lipid optimization outcomes including updated lipid panels and statin and non-statin optimization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 207 patients with established ASCVD had 174 possible lipid optimization recommendations identified (89 in LOW-TOC, 85 in PO). A total of 96 lipid optimizations were accepted and implemented. The number of optimizations using the novel LOW-TOC workflow was significantly greater than those of the passive model (86/96 [89.6%] LOW-TOC vs. 10/96 [10.4%] PO, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). LOW-TOC significantly increased the number of statin and non-statin initiations and improved low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The implementation of the LOW-TOC approach to CV team-based lipid management was associated with significantly increased optimizations compared with the standard process typically utilized in many health systems. These findings support the utility of pharmacists leading the CV team in optimizing lipid management using a population health model in TOC settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth W. Covington, Adelia Grabowsky, Michal Moore, Adrianna T. Reagan, Leborah Lee, Rachel Cody
Introduction
Patients are often discharged from the emergency department (ED) while results from microbiological cultures are still pending. Most institutions provide culture follow-up, but there is wide variability in the structure and personnel involved. Pharmacists are well suited for involvement in culture follow-up services; though no systematic review has evaluated the impact of pharmacists in this clinical role.
Objectives
To assess the impact of pharmacists in ED culture follow-up services on: (1) clinical outcomes; and (2) workflow. To characterize pharmacist roles/responsibilities as part of ED culture follow-up services.
Methods
A search of the following databases was conducted: Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they described culture follow-up services with pharmacist involvement in an ED setting. Screening and quality assessment were performed using Covidence software and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. Data extraction focused on study design, participants, types of cultures, and clinical and time-based outcomes.
Results
Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Pharmacist involvement was consistently associated with reduced time from culture result to first attempted patient contact (ranging from 9.1–62.3 h, compared with 23.6–72 h without pharmacist involvement). Some studies found absolute reductions in ED revisit or readmission rates ranging from 4.2% to 15.4%, while others found no difference. Pharmacists significantly improved the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy, with fewer missed interventions and less unnecessary antibiotic use. Current literature is limited by heterogeneity in study designs, small sample sizes, and a lack of randomized controlled trials.
Conclusion
Pharmacist involvement in ED culture follow-up services demonstrates clear benefits in reducing time to initial review and patient contact. Further research is needed to address methodological limitations of current literature and to explore the benefits of negative culture follow-up services, expanded pharmacy services through collaborative practice agreements, and strategies to enhance the efficiency of culture follow-up services.
病人往往从急诊科（ED）出院时，微生物培养的结果仍然悬而未决。大多数机构提供文化跟踪，但在结构和人员方面存在很大差异。药剂师非常适合参与文化跟进服务；虽然没有系统的回顾评估药师在这一临床角色的影响。目的评价药师在ED培养随访服务中的作用：(1)临床结局；(2)工作流程。将药剂师的角色/职责作为急诊科文化跟进服务的一部分。方法检索Medline、International Pharmaceutical Abstracts和Web of Science数据库。如果研究描述了在急诊科环境中药剂师参与的文化随访服务，则纳入研究。分别使用covid - ence软件和Newcastle-Ottawa量表进行筛选和质量评估。数据提取侧重于研究设计、参与者、培养类型以及临床和基于时间的结果。结果33项研究符合纳入标准。药剂师参与与从培养结果到首次尝试接触患者的时间缩短一致相关（范围为9.1-62.3小时，而没有药剂师参与的时间为23.6-72小时）。一些研究发现，急症再访率或再入院率的绝对降低幅度从4.2%到15.4%不等，而另一些研究发现没有差异。药剂师显著提高了抗菌药物治疗的适宜性，减少了错过的干预措施，减少了不必要的抗生素使用。目前的文献受限于研究设计的异质性、小样本量和缺乏随机对照试验。结论药师参与ED培养随访服务在减少初次复查和患者接触时间方面有明显的好处。需要进一步的研究来解决现有文献的方法局限性，并探讨消极文化随访服务的好处，通过合作实践协议扩大药房服务，以及提高文化随访服务效率的策略。
{"title":"Effect of Pharmacist Involvement in Emergency Department Microbiological Culture Follow-Up Services on Clinical Outcomes and Workflow: A Systematic Review","authors":"Elizabeth W. Covington, Adelia Grabowsky, Michal Moore, Adrianna T. Reagan, Leborah Lee, Rachel Cody","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients are often discharged from the emergency department (ED) while results from microbiological cultures are still pending. Most institutions provide culture follow-up, but there is wide variability in the structure and personnel involved. Pharmacists are well suited for involvement in culture follow-up services; though no systematic review has evaluated the impact of pharmacists in this clinical role.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the impact of pharmacists in ED culture follow-up services on: (1) clinical outcomes; and (2) workflow. To characterize pharmacist roles/responsibilities as part of ED culture follow-up services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A search of the following databases was conducted: Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they described culture follow-up services with pharmacist involvement in an ED setting. Screening and quality assessment were performed using Covidence software and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. Data extraction focused on study design, participants, types of cultures, and clinical and time-based outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Pharmacist involvement was consistently associated with reduced time from culture result to first attempted patient contact (ranging from 9.1–62.3 h, compared with 23.6–72 h without pharmacist involvement). Some studies found absolute reductions in ED revisit or readmission rates ranging from 4.2% to 15.4%, while others found no difference. Pharmacists significantly improved the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy, with fewer missed interventions and less unnecessary antibiotic use. Current literature is limited by heterogeneity in study designs, small sample sizes, and a lack of randomized controlled trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacist involvement in ED culture follow-up services demonstrates clear benefits in reducing time to initial review and patient contact. Further research is needed to address methodological limitations of current literature and to explore the benefits of negative culture follow-up services, expanded pharmacy services through collaborative practice agreements, and strategies to enhance the efficiency of culture follow-up services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"1046-1060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristi W. Kelley, E. Kelly Hester, Allison Helmer, Dana G. Carroll
Introduction
The pharmacy profession is increasingly committed to addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) and health disparities (HD). This shift necessitates pharmacy curricula to train learners to identify and address SDOH and HD to improve patient health outcomes.
Objectives
To assess learners' knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and confidence in providing care to underserved populations experiencing HD during a five-week ambulatory care advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) through active learning cases and discussions in addition to direct patient care.
Methods
This is a retrospective review of pre- and post-survey data completed by fourth-year pharmacy learners on ambulatory care APPE rotations with four clinical faculty members in rural and urban clinics. This was conducted at a single college of pharmacy between May 2019 and April 2023.
Results
There were 54 paired responses. Learners' confidence in identifying patients with HD and willingness to help them, as well as their knowledge of resources, increased after the assigned learning activities. Learners acknowledged HD's impact on health care outcomes and, after completing rotation activities, maintained their interest in serving patients with limited access and resources.
Conclusion
Learning activities related to HD alongside providing care to patients at risk for HDs on five-week ambulatory care APPEs significantly improved learners' confidence and abilities in identifying and addressing HD among patients. These results emphasize the effectiveness of targeted learning activities in improving pharmacy learners' confidence in serving diverse patient populations.
{"title":"Health Disparities Activities During Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences: A Pre-Post Analysis of Student Perceptions and Knowledge","authors":"Kristi W. Kelley, E. Kelly Hester, Allison Helmer, Dana G. Carroll","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pharmacy profession is increasingly committed to addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) and health disparities (HD). This shift necessitates pharmacy curricula to train learners to identify and address SDOH and HD to improve patient health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess learners' knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and confidence in providing care to underserved populations experiencing HD during a five-week ambulatory care advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) through active learning cases and discussions in addition to direct patient care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a retrospective review of pre- and post-survey data completed by fourth-year pharmacy learners on ambulatory care APPE rotations with four clinical faculty members in rural and urban clinics. This was conducted at a single college of pharmacy between May 2019 and April 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 54 paired responses. Learners' confidence in identifying patients with HD and willingness to help them, as well as their knowledge of resources, increased after the assigned learning activities. Learners acknowledged HD's impact on health care outcomes and, after completing rotation activities, maintained their interest in serving patients with limited access and resources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Learning activities related to HD alongside providing care to patients at risk for HDs on five-week ambulatory care APPEs significantly improved learners' confidence and abilities in identifying and addressing HD among patients. These results emphasize the effectiveness of targeted learning activities in improving pharmacy learners' confidence in serving diverse patient populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"1015-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colin R. Dormuth, Anat Fisher, Gregory A. Carney, Davin Shikaze, I Fan Kuo
Background
There is a paucity of population-based data on adherence and adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (NMV/r). We sought to contribute data on patient-reported treatment adherence and ADEs with NMV/r using data collected by community pharmacists.
Methods
Data on patient-reported NMV/r adherence and ADEs, the study outcomes, were collected by pharmacists through the Paxlovid Follow-up (PAX-F) service, with linkage to administrative data from the British Columbia (BC) Ministry of Health. The cohort study included individuals in BC prescribed NMV/r between January 31, 2022, and December 31, 2022. Pharmacists conducted phone assessments with patients or their caregivers after completion of NMV/r treatment. Responses were recorded in the PharmaNet database, a provincewide data network. Logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with the study outcomes.
Results
PAX-F service was provided to 10 200 individuals. Median age was 72 years, and 56.4% were female. There were 87.6% of respondents (n = 9034) who reported completing all 5 days of their NMV/r medication; 7351 individuals with a PAX-F assessment (72.1%) were dispensed medications with a known interaction with NMV/r. 47.8% of respondents (n = 4960) reported experiencing a total of 7439 ADEs, of which 1.5% of ADEs (n = 115 in 79 individuals) were reported to have been managed at a hospital or emergency room. Female sex was associated with an increased risk of nonadherence to NMV/r compared with men (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–1.68), and an increased risk of ADEs (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15–1.53). Nonvaccination was associated with nonadherence to NMV/r (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.41–3.87), but not with reporting an ADE (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.85–1.29).
Conclusion
Nearly half of NMV/r users in BC reported ADEs with treatment, suggesting that careful consideration of the risks and benefits of prescribing NMV/r is warranted.
{"title":"Patient-Reported Adverse Drug Events on Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir: A Prospective Observational Study of a Pharmacist-Led Follow-Up and Monitoring Service","authors":"Colin R. Dormuth, Anat Fisher, Gregory A. Carney, Davin Shikaze, I Fan Kuo","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a paucity of population-based data on adherence and adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (NMV/r). We sought to contribute data on patient-reported treatment adherence and ADEs with NMV/r using data collected by community pharmacists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on patient-reported NMV/r adherence and ADEs, the study outcomes, were collected by pharmacists through the Paxlovid Follow-up (PAX-F) service, with linkage to administrative data from the British Columbia (BC) Ministry of Health. The cohort study included individuals in BC prescribed NMV/r between January 31, 2022, and December 31, 2022. Pharmacists conducted phone assessments with patients or their caregivers after completion of NMV/r treatment. Responses were recorded in the PharmaNet database, a provincewide data network. Logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with the study outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PAX-F service was provided to 10 200 individuals. Median age was 72 years, and 56.4% were female. There were 87.6% of respondents (<i>n</i> = 9034) who reported completing all 5 days of their NMV/r medication; 7351 individuals with a PAX-F assessment (72.1%) were dispensed medications with a known interaction with NMV/r. 47.8% of respondents (<i>n</i> = 4960) reported experiencing a total of 7439 ADEs, of which 1.5% of ADEs (<i>n</i> = 115 in 79 individuals) were reported to have been managed at a hospital or emergency room. Female sex was associated with an increased risk of nonadherence to NMV/r compared with men (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–1.68), and an increased risk of ADEs (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15–1.53). Nonvaccination was associated with nonadherence to NMV/r (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.41–3.87), but not with reporting an ADE (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.85–1.29).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nearly half of NMV/r users in BC reported ADEs with treatment, suggesting that careful consideration of the risks and benefits of prescribing NMV/r is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 9","pages":"842-849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharon See, Branden D. Nemecek, Sheila M. Allen, Ijeoma Agada, Shubha Bhat, Eliza Dy-Boarman, Michelle Fravel, Susan Hamblin, Lauren Hynicka, Kristi Kelley, Wesley D. Kufel, Dianne May, Sarah E. McBane, Milap C. Nahata, Nicholas B. Norgard, Caitlin Schanz, Kyle Schmidt, Chasity Shelton, Jodi Taylor, Evan Williams, Raegan T. Willoughby
Today's clinical pharmacists have graduated from a doctor of pharmacy professional degree program, completed residency training, and obtained board certification. Their foundational education consists of an extensive didactic and experiential curriculum with a strong focus on pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics. The credit hours devoted to pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics are substantially greater than those of other health care professional degree programs. When combined with the clinical learning acquired through formal, postgraduate residency training, clinical pharmacists are well prepared to address medication therapy problems and serve as essential members of interprofessional health care teams. This commentary details the education and training of clinical pharmacists and how these compare with other members of the health care team and concludes that clinical pharmacists are uniquely positioned to optimize medication outcomes.
{"title":"Education and Training of Today's Clinical Pharmacist","authors":"Sharon See, Branden D. Nemecek, Sheila M. Allen, Ijeoma Agada, Shubha Bhat, Eliza Dy-Boarman, Michelle Fravel, Susan Hamblin, Lauren Hynicka, Kristi Kelley, Wesley D. Kufel, Dianne May, Sarah E. McBane, Milap C. Nahata, Nicholas B. Norgard, Caitlin Schanz, Kyle Schmidt, Chasity Shelton, Jodi Taylor, Evan Williams, Raegan T. Willoughby","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Today's clinical pharmacists have graduated from a doctor of pharmacy professional degree program, completed residency training, and obtained board certification. Their foundational education consists of an extensive didactic and experiential curriculum with a strong focus on pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics. The credit hours devoted to pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics are substantially greater than those of other health care professional degree programs. When combined with the clinical learning acquired through formal, postgraduate residency training, clinical pharmacists are well prepared to address medication therapy problems and serve as essential members of interprofessional health care teams. This commentary details the education and training of clinical pharmacists and how these compare with other members of the health care team and concludes that clinical pharmacists are uniquely positioned to optimize medication outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 9","pages":"951-961"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. N. Okoro, I. Ummate, J. D. Ohieku, S. I. Yakubu, and M. O. Adibe, “The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Blood Pressure Control Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 5, no. 10 (2022): 1062–1074, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1677.
The author's name, Ibrahim Umate M.Sc.ED., was corrected to Ibrahim Ummate M.D. in the online version.
We apologize for this error.
R. N. Okoro， I. Ummate， J. D. Ohieku， S. I. Yakubu， M. O. Adibe，“药师主导的干预对慢性肾脏疾病患者血压控制的影响：一项随机对照试验”，《美国临床药学杂志》，第5期。10 (2022): 1062-1074, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1677.The作者姓名：Ibrahim Umate m.s.。，在网络版本中被更正为Ibrahim Ummate M.D.。我们为这个错误道歉。
{"title":"Correction to “The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Blood Pressure Control Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>R. N. Okoro, I. Ummate, J. D. Ohieku, S. I. Yakubu, and M. O. Adibe, “The Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Blood Pressure Control Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” <i>Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy</i> 5, no. 10 (2022): 1062–1074, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1677.</p><p>The author's name, Ibrahim Umate M.Sc.ED., was corrected to Ibrahim Ummate M.D. in the online version.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Let's Put Drugs Back Into Pharmacy!","authors":"Robert B. Parker","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 9","pages":"834-837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa M. Whittington, Amy B. Werremeyer, Suzanne C. Harris, Charles F. Caley, Jolene R. Bostwick
The mental health crisis in the United States continues to grow with no end in sight. Although it has been identified that pharmacist involvement is critical, the profession, as a whole, does not appear to be equipped to fully meet the challenges ahead as it pertains to the care of persons with mental health conditions. This paper outlines four key issues along with considerations to ensure pharmacists are part of the solution moving forward. The four issues identified include the Doctor of Pharmacy education, postgraduate residency training years 1 and 2, faculty attrition, and lack of clarity regarding the level of training/specialization needed to provide direct patient care in the area of mental health. Collaboration, both within and outside of the pharmacy profession, will be essential to ensure pharmacists are adequately prepared to address the mental health crisis.
{"title":"Addressing Threats to Pharmacist Provision of Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Services","authors":"Lisa M. Whittington, Amy B. Werremeyer, Suzanne C. Harris, Charles F. Caley, Jolene R. Bostwick","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mental health crisis in the United States continues to grow with no end in sight. Although it has been identified that pharmacist involvement is critical, the profession, as a whole, does not appear to be equipped to fully meet the challenges ahead as it pertains to the care of persons with mental health conditions. This paper outlines four key issues along with considerations to ensure pharmacists are part of the solution moving forward. The four issues identified include the Doctor of Pharmacy education, postgraduate residency training years 1 and 2, faculty attrition, and lack of clarity regarding the level of training/specialization needed to provide direct patient care in the area of mental health. Collaboration, both within and outside of the pharmacy profession, will be essential to ensure pharmacists are adequately prepared to address the mental health crisis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 10","pages":"1061-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an effective and convenient method for assessing glucose control for both patients and providers. Over the years, guidelines have strengthened recommendations with regard to CGM, and payors have improved coverage. This has expanded utilization to the primary care setting versus being limited to specialists. Many primary care providers (PCPs) and their staff lack education and training and/or experience with CGMs. Therefore, a CGM education and training program was developed by pharmacists for primary care clinics within a single health system. The goal of this pilot program was to integrate CGMs into primary care clinics by providing education, training, technology support, and supplies. The primary objective was to evaluate whether individualized, on-site support enhanced provider and staff confidence and awareness of CGM use, with secondary objectives to assess the impact on CGM prescribing and billing. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate a CGM education and training program involving pre- and post-surveys to measure provider and staff confidence with CGM prescribing and use. Participants attended an in-person, one-hour training session, with breakout groups for individualized education or an equivalent pre-recorded virtual session. Additional support was provided through access to a clinical pharmacy specialist or student pharmacist during a minimum 8-week implementation phase. CGM education and training resulted in a significant increase in provider and staff confidence in job-specific tasks associated with CGMs, with providers reporting an increased likelihood to prescribe CGM and utilize the ambulatory glucose profile report. Significant increases in prescribing and billing of CGMs were also observed. Targeted education and training developed by pharmacists for PCPs and staff increased confidence and CGM use in primary care clinics at a single health system.
{"title":"Primary Care Providers' and Staff Confidence and Awareness of Continuous Glucose Monitors Following Pharmacist-Led Education and Training: A Pre-Post Cohort Study","authors":"Amber Lilly, Cynthia A. King, Jasmin Ortiz","doi":"10.1002/jac5.70090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jac5.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an effective and convenient method for assessing glucose control for both patients and providers. Over the years, guidelines have strengthened recommendations with regard to CGM, and payors have improved coverage. This has expanded utilization to the primary care setting versus being limited to specialists. Many primary care providers (PCPs) and their staff lack education and training and/or experience with CGMs. Therefore, a CGM education and training program was developed by pharmacists for primary care clinics within a single health system. The goal of this pilot program was to integrate CGMs into primary care clinics by providing education, training, technology support, and supplies. The primary objective was to evaluate whether individualized, on-site support enhanced provider and staff confidence and awareness of CGM use, with secondary objectives to assess the impact on CGM prescribing and billing. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate a CGM education and training program involving pre- and post-surveys to measure provider and staff confidence with CGM prescribing and use. Participants attended an in-person, one-hour training session, with breakout groups for individualized education or an equivalent pre-recorded virtual session. Additional support was provided through access to a clinical pharmacy specialist or student pharmacist during a minimum 8-week implementation phase. CGM education and training resulted in a significant increase in provider and staff confidence in job-specific tasks associated with CGMs, with providers reporting an increased likelihood to prescribe CGM and utilize the ambulatory glucose profile report. Significant increases in prescribing and billing of CGMs were also observed. Targeted education and training developed by pharmacists for PCPs and staff increased confidence and CGM use in primary care clinics at a single health system.</p>","PeriodicalId":73966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP","volume":"8 9","pages":"884-894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jac5.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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