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A research agenda for highly effective human-computer interaction: useful, usable, and universal 高效人机交互的研究议程:有用的、可用的和通用的
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339293
J. Scholtz, Michael J. Muller, D. Novick, D. Olsen, B. Shneiderman, C. Wharton
Foreword: The ACM SIGCHI (Association for Computing Machinery Special lnterest Group in Computer Human Interaction) community conducted a deliberative process involving a high-visibility committee, a day-long workshop at CH199 (Pittsburgh, PA, May 15, 1999) and a collaborative authoring process. This interim report is offered to produce further discussion and input leading to endorsement by the SIGCHI Executive Committee and then other professional societies. The scope of this research agenda included advanced information and communications technology research that could yield benefits over the next two to five years.
前言:ACM SIGCHI(计算机人机交互特别兴趣小组协会)社区进行了一个审议过程,包括一个高知名度的委员会,在CH199(宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡,1999年5月15日)举行的为期一天的研讨会和一个协作创作过程。这份临时报告是为了进一步讨论和提供意见,最终得到SIGCHI执行委员会和其他专业协会的认可。这项研究议程的范围包括先进的信息和通信技术研究,这些研究可能在未来两到五年内产生效益。
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引用次数: 8
Tool support for task-based user interface design - A CHI'99 workshop 基于任务的用户界面设计的工具支持- A CHI'99研讨会
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339297
B. Bomsdorf, G. Szwillus
GOALS AND ISSUES It is generally accepted today, that knowledge about the tasks the user has to fulfill with a computer system, plays an important role in the design process. The more knowledge about the user tasks is available during design time the more it can be exploited when defining the system's properties and features, leading to a higher degree of user acceptance and user satisfaction. Basically, this process starts with the analysis and modelling of the user's tasks and uses the output of this modelling step in the subsequent system design and evaluation phases.
目标和问题今天,人们普遍认为,关于用户必须通过计算机系统完成的任务的知识在设计过程中起着重要作用。在设计期间获得的关于用户任务的知识越多,在定义系统的属性和特性时就越能利用这些知识,从而获得更高程度的用户接受度和用户满意度。基本上,这个过程从用户任务的分析和建模开始,并在随后的系统设计和评估阶段使用这个建模步骤的输出。
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引用次数: 8
HCI Education - people and stories, diversity and intolerance HCI教育——人与故事,多样性与不宽容
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339292
A. Dix
Hi This is my first column as Education Editor for SIGCHI Bulletin. When, many months ago, Andrew Sears first asked me whether I would takeover this job, it seemed a long time until I'd need to do my first column. As always, the time has flown (reminding me of Jean Gasen's handover column to Andrew in 1996) and it is now the moment to pull various circulating ideas down onto paper (or at least pixels). Why so difficult, surely there are plenty of major topics in HCI education? Well, the difficulty I find is in drawing a line between HCI education, HCI research and HCI practice. The more I think of this problem, the more it seems to say something fundamental about the nature of HCI as a discipline. But, in order to keep this issue's column from travelling to far along on that path, let's just not worry too much about this distinction for now.
您好,这是我作为SIGCHI通讯教育编辑的第一篇专栏。几个月前,当安德鲁•西尔斯(Andrew Sears)第一次问我是否愿意接受这份工作时,我似乎过了很长时间才开始写第一篇专栏。和往常一样,时间飞逝(让我想起了1996年让·加森(Jean Gasen)向安德鲁(Andrew)撰写的交接专栏),现在是时候把各种流传的想法写在纸上(或者至少是像素上)了。为什么这么难,在HCI教育中肯定有很多重要的话题?嗯,我发现困难在于在HCI教育、HCI研究和HCI实践之间划清界限。我对这个问题思考得越多,它似乎就越能说明人机交互作为一门学科的本质。但是,为了避免本期专栏在这条道路上走得太远,让我们暂时不要太担心这个区别。
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引用次数: 0
Research issues in the design of online communities: report on the CHI 99 workshop 网络社区设计中的研究问题:CHI 99研讨会报告
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339296
A. Bruckman, J. Donath, T. Erickson, W. Kellogg, B. Wellman
After brief introductions from each research team, Sara Kiesler got us started by leading a provocative discussion of research methodology. We debated both what questions about online communities are interesting, and what questions are possible to ask given availabIe research methodologies. Some participants prefer to use an experimental methodology grounded in experimental psychoIogy and explore only those questions for which "rigorous" quantitative answers are possible. Others prefer a design-oriented approach, which relies primarily on qualitative methods from anthropology such as ethnography. Most attendees felt that a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches is warranted, and the challenge is how to use these approaches in a complementary fashion. Next, Wendy Kellogg and Tom Edckson tackled issues of the use of online communities for business. They began by leading the group in a 1950's vintage IBM 'spirit' song, reminding us that the concept of community in business and professional settings is not a new one: many businesses have long found utility in invoking "community" to increase affiliation, team work, and mutual support. So, while the idea of virtual communities of business or professional colleagues may be relatively new, the impulses driving the ideas are not.
在每个研究团队的简短介绍之后,Sara Kiesler带领我们开始了一场关于研究方法的激烈讨论。我们讨论了关于在线社区的哪些问题是有趣的,以及在现有的研究方法下可以提出哪些问题。一些参与者更喜欢使用基于实验心理学的实验方法,只探索那些可能有“严格”定量答案的问题。其他人更喜欢以设计为导向的方法,这主要依赖于人类学的定性方法,如民族志。大多数与会者认为定量和定性方法的结合是必要的,挑战是如何以互补的方式使用这些方法。接下来,Wendy Kellogg和Tom Edckson讨论了在线社区用于商业的问题。他们首先带领团队唱了一首20世纪50年代的IBM“精神”歌,提醒我们,在商业和专业环境中,社区的概念并不是一个新概念:许多企业早就发现,通过调用“社区”来增加联系、团队合作和相互支持是很有用的。因此,虽然商业或专业同事的虚拟社区的想法可能相对较新,但推动这些想法的动力却不是。
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引用次数: 2
Senior CHI — the CHI 99 development consortium 高级CHI - CHI 99开发联盟
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339299
J. Ellis, S. Kogan, J. Rowan
As is well known, the number of older adults within developed countries is increasing faster than their younger counterparts. By the year 2000, 35 million Americans will be older than 65 years of age. By 2010, this will increase to 39.7 million [ 1,2]. Such a change in demographics brings with it unique challenges and opportunities for both the public and private sectors. Human factors andergonomics have played, and can continue to play, a major role in meeting the challenge of designing for this community of users, Recent research shows that 25% of seniors with computers are online and 70% are using their computers daily [3]. This is the fastest growing group on Internet. To design effective systems and training programs in support of age-related performance issues, we must answer fundamental questions concerning older users and the ways in which they approach and use computing technology. What myths and stereotypes about older users can we dispel? What non-obvious truths about older users can we uncover?
众所周知,在发达国家,老年人的数量比年轻人增长得快。到2000年,3500万美国人的年龄将超过65岁。到2010年,这一数字将增加到3970万[1,2]。人口结构的这种变化给公共和私营部门带来了独特的挑战和机遇。人为因素和人体工程学在满足这一用户群体的设计挑战方面已经发挥并将继续发挥重要作用。最近的研究表明,25%的老年人使用电脑上网,70%的老年人每天使用电脑[3]。这是互联网上增长最快的群体。为了设计有效的系统和培训计划来支持与年龄相关的性能问题,我们必须回答有关老年用户以及他们接近和使用计算技术的方式的基本问题。我们可以消除对老年用户的哪些误解和成见?关于老年用户,我们能发现哪些不明显的事实?
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引用次数: 4
Web weaving 网络编织
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339291
M. Tremaine, W. Mackay
One of the first things we need to tackle with our web pages is our "look and feel" Currently, our web pages have no unifying design, no common structure. In short, it is embarrassing for a society that promotes the good design of user interfaces to have a web interface that has never undergone a usability study, has no consistent graphics layout and is missing a user Overview of its contents. We plan to have web designers create a style that will emphasize the whimsical, creative, dashing, human and technical sides of SIGCHI.
我们需要处理的第一件事是我们的网页是我们的“外观和感觉”目前,我们的网页没有统一的设计,没有共同的结构。简而言之,对于一个提倡良好的用户界面设计的社会来说,一个从未经过可用性研究的web界面,没有一致的图形布局,并且缺少用户对其内容的概述,这是令人尴尬的。我们计划让网页设计师创造一种风格,强调SIGCHI的异想天开、创意、潇洒、人性化和技术方面。
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引用次数: 1
CHI 99 SIG: universal web access: delivering services to everyone CHI 99 SIG:通用网络接入:向每个人提供服务
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339303
G. Perlman
The following made brief presentations on their work and/or views on universal accessibility. No topic encompassed all possible dimensions of accessibility, but the diversity of topics highlights the potential to broaden markets to include more users. One goal of the session was to to consider how to broaden these and other projects, while another was to determine how a community of people interested in accessibility can share resources. Part of the discussion attempted to answer what to do next. An online repository is being maintained at: www.acm.org/~pedman/access. i. Evolving Adaptability to Create Internationalized Accessible Multiplatform Web Services Ga~ Perlman (perlman @ acm.o~) OCLC Online Computer Libra~ Center At OCLC I work on the FirstSearch service user interface, in part on increasing the potential markets by offering French and Spanish versions, improved support for accessibility, additional functionality while maintaining support for lowend machines and legacy browsers. To accomplish this level of adaptability, we have developed some techniques for (1) separately specifying the functionality, the language strings, and the display format, and (2) setting parameters (e.g., dimensions, fonts, tables vs. lists) based on browser version, availability of.lavaScript, screen size, etc. Web pages are dynamically constructed based on function, data, and user options. The user interface architecture evolved over time, with several periods of reworking sub-optimal choices. Even when organized, there is a large cognitive overhead to developers to separate form, function, and language. To learn about techniques for increasing adaptability, I've found it useful to explore features on volunteer-run services such as(l) The HCI Bibliography site and search service and (2) a CGI script for presenting accessible versions of a variety of usability questionnaires in multiple languages. Some details are available in notes from a BuckCHI Presentation on Universal Access. 2. Electronic Curbcuts to Motivate Universal Access: What You Can Do Michael Muller (mullerm @ acm.org) Lotus Development Corporation It is sometimes difficult to motivate companies to work toward universal access, if they perceive the beneficiaries as a small and relatively invisible minority. Many people in the disability access communities have advocated the notion of "electronic curbcuts." Electronic curbcuts work like physical curbcuts; They are innovations that improve access for people with disabilities, but that also benefit huge numbers of other people (the temporarily able bodied, or TABs). I will describe some simple electronic curbcuts and their SIGCI-II Bulletin Volume 31. Number 4 October 1999 53 extended benefits (e.g., closed captioning). I will then propose a strategy that many of us can follow, to show companies how improving accessibility for people with disabilities can also lead to products and services with greater flexibility, increased functionality, and expande
以下人员简要介绍了他们的工作和/或对普遍无障碍的看法。没有一个专题涵盖无障碍的所有可能方面,但专题的多样性突出了扩大市场以包括更多用户的潜力。会议的一个目标是考虑如何扩大这些项目和其他项目,而另一个目标是确定对无障碍感兴趣的社区如何共享资源。部分讨论试图回答下一步该做什么。在线存储库正在维护:www.acm.org/~pedman/access。i.不断发展的适应性以创建国际化可访问的多平台Web服务Ga~ Perlman (Perlman @ acm.o~) OCLC在线计算机天秤座中心在OCLC,我负责FirstSearch服务的用户界面,部分工作是通过提供法语和西班牙语版本来增加潜在市场,改进对可访问性的支持,增加功能,同时保持对低端机器和传统浏览器的支持。为了实现这种级别的适应性,我们开发了一些技术:(1)分别指定功能、语言字符串和显示格式,以及(2)根据浏览器版本、可用性设置参数(例如,尺寸、字体、表格与列表)。javascript,屏幕大小等。Web页面是基于功能、数据和用户选项动态构建的。用户界面架构随着时间的推移而发展,其中有几个阶段需要重新设计次优选择。即使是有组织的,对于开发人员来说,分离形式、功能和语言也有很大的认知开销。为了学习提高适应性的技术,我发现探索志愿者运行的服务上的特性很有用,例如(1)HCI书目站点和搜索服务,以及(2)用于以多种语言呈现各种可用性问卷的可访问版本的CGI脚本。一些细节可以在BuckCHI关于普遍获取的演讲笔记中找到。Michael Muller (mullerm @ acm.org) Lotus开发公司有时很难激励公司为实现普遍接入而努力,如果他们认为受益者是一小部分且相对不可见的少数人。残疾人无障碍社区的许多人都提倡“电子限制”的概念。电子拦路和物理拦路一样;这些创新改善了残疾人的无障碍,但也使大量其他人(临时残疾人士,简称tab)受益。我将描述一些简单的电子切线及其SIGCI-II公报第31卷。1999年10月4日53延长福利(例如,封闭式字幕)。然后,我将提出一个我们许多人都可以遵循的策略,向公司展示如何改善残疾人的可访问性,从而使产品和服务具有更大的灵活性、更强的功能和更大的市场。3.一旦你上网了,你会怎么使用它?Ann Marie Paulukonis (paulukon@pilot.msu.edu)密歇根州立大学当其他演讲者倾向于关注如何让人们了解这项技术时,我担心的是接下来会发生什么:仅仅因为某人拥有计算机或可以访问互联网,并不意味着他们了解如何使用它。我们如何确定我们的用户在这个新环境中带来了什么?作为开发人员,我们该如何利用这些信息,为他们提供能够理解的新环境?我目前的工作重点是如何使那些不熟悉网络的人可以访问在线课程。4. 国际化:定制产品还是同质化产品?约翰·阿米蒂奇和爱德华·古特曼(约翰@阿曼达)。Aaron Marcus and Associates, Inc. (amanda.com)国际化实际上是一个问题,是追求定制(本地化)产品的产品战略,还是同质(单一版本)产品的战略。这是所有产品的市场营销和生产中一个持续的、基本的问题,但在软件设计圈中却没有这样的讨论。相反,他们关注的是本地化不佳的产品,这些产品包含了尴尬的文化“符号”。同样重要的是营销人员的动机和他们对决策的成本/收益分析。组织者:Gary Perlman email per lman@acm.org 1999年10月54日第31卷,第4号SIGCtlI公报
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引用次数: 2
CHI 99 SIG: SIGCHI's role in influencing technology policy SIGCHI 99: SIGCHI在影响技术政策方面的作用
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339300
Jeff T. Johnson
Send message to listserv@acm.org with content (not subject): "subscribe chi-policy John Smith", substituting your own name. You will be added to the list under the email address from which you send your message. After you receive a reply indicating that you have been added to the list, you will begin receiving messages posted to it thereafter, and can begin posting to the list. Post messages to chi-policy@acm.org. Submitted postings will be reviewed by the list moderator before being released to the list. CHI 99 SIG: SIGCHI's Role in Influencing Technology Policy
发送消息到listserv@acm.org,内容(不是主题):“订阅chi-policy John Smith”,替换您自己的名字。您将被添加到您发送邮件的电子邮件地址下的列表中。在您收到表明您已被添加到该列表的回复后,您将开始接收此后发布到该列表的消息,并且可以开始向该列表发布消息。发送消息到chi-policy@acm.org。提交的帖子在发布到列表之前将由列表版主审核。SIGCHI: SIGCHI在影响技术政策中的作用
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引用次数: 1
Conference report: the active web 会议报告:活跃的网络
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339304
A. Dix, D. Clarke
The call for papers for this was very successful with a very large number of extended abstracts submitted. These were refereed by a panel of 25 referees, each paper having at least 4 reviews. In the end 12 papers were selected for the main speaker programme plus a number of posters and demos. However, the standard of the papers was extremely high and it was very difficult deciding which papers to leave out of the programme.
这方面的论文征集非常成功,提交了大量的扩展摘要。这些论文由一个由25人组成的评审小组进行评审,每篇论文至少有4篇评审。最后,12篇论文被选为主演讲嘉宾,另外还有一些海报和演示。然而,论文的标准非常高,很难决定哪些论文被排除在计划之外。
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引用次数: 1
Interacting with statistics — report from a workshop at CHI 99 与统计数据交互——来自CHI 99研讨会的报告
Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1145/339290.339298
M. Levi, F. Conrad
Suppose you are moving to a new city. You might reasonably want to know if you should worry about crime. Or whether the local schools are good. Whether the drinking water is clean. And whether the job prospects are encouraging. In each of these cases the relevant information exists in one or more statistical data bases (SDBs). Whether a typical information seeker can find the information, however, is another question.
假设你要搬到一个新的城市。你可能有理由想知道你是否应该担心犯罪。或者当地的学校是否好。饮用水是否干净。以及就业前景是否令人鼓舞。在每种情况下,相关信息都存在于一个或多个统计数据库中。然而,一个典型的信息搜索者是否能找到这些信息是另一个问题。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
ACM SIGCHI Bull.
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