A few SIG participants then described examples of persuasive computing currently on the market. These technologies don't always follow the traditional form factors for computers. Two examples shown included Baby Think It Over (www.btio.com) and the Polar Heart Rate Monitor (www.polar.fi), both of which are non-traditional computing devices designed to change attitudes and behaviors. But persuasive technologies also come in traditional forms: Dole 5A Day Adventures (www.dole5aday.com) and software from Purple Moon (www.purple-moon.com) are persuasive computing technologies that ship on a CD-ROM.
一些SIG参与者随后描述了目前市场上的说服性计算的例子。这些技术并不总是遵循计算机的传统外形因素。其中两个例子包括Baby Think It Over (www.btio.com)和Polar Heart Rate Monitor (www.polar.fi)，它们都是旨在改变态度和行为的非传统计算设备。但劝导式技术也以传统形式出现:多尔5A Day Adventures (www.dole5aday.com)和Purple Moon (www.purple-moon.com)的软件都是劝导式计算技术，以CD-ROM的形式发布。
{"title":"Persuasive computing","authors":"B. Fogg, Daniel Bedichevsky, Jason Tester","doi":"10.1145/310307.310393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/310307.310393","url":null,"abstract":"A few SIG participants then described examples of persuasive computing currently on the market. These technologies don't always follow the traditional form factors for computers. Two examples shown included Baby Think It Over (www.btio.com) and the Polar Heart Rate Monitor (www.polar.fi), both of which are non-traditional computing devices designed to change attitudes and behaviors. But persuasive technologies also come in traditional forms: Dole 5A Day Adventures (www.dole5aday.com) and software from Purple Moon (www.purple-moon.com) are persuasive computing technologies that ship on a CD-ROM.","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"29 1","pages":"71-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89938164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It did not take long for CHI 98 attendees to hear about Local SIGs. During the Opening Plenary Session, Mike Atwood (SIGCHI Chair), Clare-Marie Karat (CHI 98 Co-Chair), and Ben Shneiderman (Opening Plenary Speaker) all made references to the outstanding work being done by Local SIGs. And CHI-Kids' Parade of Nations and Domains that opened the attendees who had worked to make Local SIGs successful were invited to the ACM SIGCHI Volunteer Appreciation Reception.
CHI 98的与会者没过多久就听说了当地的sig。在开幕全体会议上，Mike Atwood (SIGCHI主席)，claire - marie Karat (CHI 98联合主席)和Ben Shneiderman(开幕全体会议发言人)都提到了当地sigg所做的杰出工作。开幕的CHI-Kids国家和地区巡游，为当地SIGCHI的成功而努力的与会者被邀请参加ACM SIGCHI志愿者答谢招待会。
{"title":"Local SIGs Achieve Visibility at CHI 98","authors":"Richard Anderson","doi":"10.1145/310307.568142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/310307.568142","url":null,"abstract":"It did not take long for CHI 98 attendees to hear about Local SIGs. During the Opening Plenary Session, Mike Atwood (SIGCHI Chair), Clare-Marie Karat (CHI 98 Co-Chair), and Ben Shneiderman (Opening Plenary Speaker) all made references to the outstanding work being done by Local SIGs. And CHI-Kids' Parade of Nations and Domains that opened the attendees who had worked to make Local SIGs successful were invited to the ACM SIGCHI Volunteer Appreciation Reception.","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"25 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75696341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Another cake, another candle, another year! The Human-Computer Interaction Lab (HClL) at the University of Maryland-College Park celebrated a year of research and scholarly activity on May 29th, 1998 at the 15th Anniversary Symposium and Open House. Led by Dr. Ben Shneiderman, director of the HCIL, the symposium offered the 220 attendees a showcase of presentations, demonstrations and one-on-one discussion around two central themes-information visualization and the design of learning tools. The Symposium reflected the breadth and depth of HCI expertise across the University with participation from departments, colleges and institutes including: Trivista Corporation and Apple Computer along with software donated by Microsoft Corporation provided a solid foundation for a high degree of technological synergy across these departments. Symposium participants arrived on campus to experience the buzz of excitement generated by leading experts in the field of Human Computer interaction (HCI) including and many others. After morning coffee and danish, Dr. Shneiderman welcomed a nearly full Tyser Auditorium with enthusiasm and anticipation of the day's events. The presentations that followed included a wide range of HCI topics including: Multiple The day was both entertaining and educational and provided something interesting for the many different types of participants present at the Symposium. For instance, it was a perfect day for researchers to witness activity at another educational institution with a strong HCI presence. Persons from the business community could sample the types of applications available and consider their applicability within their respective domains. Students could absorb the wealth of knowledge offered by a lab of experts dedicated to the improvement of user interface design. A Few Highlights Ben Bederson, a new faculty member at the University, showed PadPrints, an application that he and others created at the University of New Mexico and that builds on his prior work with Pad++. PadPrints allows an Internet user to maintain a graphical hierarchical history of visited web pages. It allows the user to zoom into a single page or zoom out to see the overview of pages. The practical application of this technology is amazing. The tree metaphor for Web navigation , with a series of pages as its "branches", dramatically increases the usability of the Internet. Empirical study of PadPrints indicates that users experience improvements in time to perform tasks, number of pages accessed and subjective satisfaction when using PadPrints compared to Netscape Navi-gator's history feature. Allison Druin, also joining the University of …
又一个蛋糕，又一支蜡烛，又一年!1998年5月29日，马里兰大学帕克分校的人机交互实验室(HClL)在15周年研讨会和开放日上庆祝了一年的研究和学术活动。在HCIL主任本·施奈德曼博士的领导下，研讨会围绕信息可视化和学习工具设计这两个中心主题，为220名与会者提供了展示、演示和一对一讨论的机会。研讨会反映了整个大学的HCI专业知识的广度和深度，包括Trivista公司和苹果电脑公司以及微软公司捐赠的软件为这些部门之间的高度技术协同提供了坚实的基础。研讨会的参与者来到校园，体验人机交互(HCI)领域的顶尖专家(包括许多其他人)带来的兴奋的嗡嗡声。早上喝完咖啡，吃完丹麦菜后，施奈德曼博士带着对当天活动的热情和期待迎接了几乎满座的泰瑟礼堂。随后的演讲包括一系列广泛的HCI主题，包括:多重这一天既有趣又有教育意义，为出席研讨会的许多不同类型的参与者提供了一些有趣的东西。例如，对于研究人员来说，这是一个完美的日子，他们可以在另一个具有强大HCI影响力的教育机构见证活动。来自商界的人员可以对可用的应用程序类型进行抽样，并考虑它们在各自领域中的适用性。学生可以从致力于改进用户界面设计的专家实验室中汲取丰富的知识。本·贝德森(Ben Bederson)是新墨西哥大学的一名新教员，他展示了他和其他人在新墨西哥大学(University of new Mexico)开发的应用程序PadPrints，这是基于他之前对pad++的研究。PadPrints允许互联网用户维护访问过的网页的图形层次历史。它允许用户放大单个页面或缩小以查看页面概览。这项技术的实际应用是惊人的。用树来比喻网络导航，用一系列的页面作为它的“分支”，极大地提高了互联网的可用性。对PadPrints的实证研究表明，与Netscape navigator的历史记录功能相比，使用PadPrints的用户在执行任务的时间、访问页面的数量和主观满意度方面都有所改善。Allison Druin也加入了…
{"title":"The celebration continues: HCIL 98 trip report","authors":"Tonya Sullivan, Jeff Merhout, Jean B. Gasen","doi":"10.1145/310307.310401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/310307.310401","url":null,"abstract":"Another cake, another candle, another year! The Human-Computer Interaction Lab (HClL) at the University of Maryland-College Park celebrated a year of research and scholarly activity on May 29th, 1998 at the 15th Anniversary Symposium and Open House. Led by Dr. Ben Shneiderman, director of the HCIL, the symposium offered the 220 attendees a showcase of presentations, demonstrations and one-on-one discussion around two central themes-information visualization and the design of learning tools. The Symposium reflected the breadth and depth of HCI expertise across the University with participation from departments, colleges and institutes including: Trivista Corporation and Apple Computer along with software donated by Microsoft Corporation provided a solid foundation for a high degree of technological synergy across these departments. Symposium participants arrived on campus to experience the buzz of excitement generated by leading experts in the field of Human Computer interaction (HCI) including and many others. After morning coffee and danish, Dr. Shneiderman welcomed a nearly full Tyser Auditorium with enthusiasm and anticipation of the day's events. The presentations that followed included a wide range of HCI topics including: Multiple The day was both entertaining and educational and provided something interesting for the many different types of participants present at the Symposium. For instance, it was a perfect day for researchers to witness activity at another educational institution with a strong HCI presence. Persons from the business community could sample the types of applications available and consider their applicability within their respective domains. Students could absorb the wealth of knowledge offered by a lab of experts dedicated to the improvement of user interface design. A Few Highlights Ben Bederson, a new faculty member at the University, showed PadPrints, an application that he and others created at the University of New Mexico and that builds on his prior work with Pad++. PadPrints allows an Internet user to maintain a graphical hierarchical history of visited web pages. It allows the user to zoom into a single page or zoom out to see the overview of pages. The practical application of this technology is amazing. The tree metaphor for Web navigation , with a series of pages as its \"branches\", dramatically increases the usability of the Internet. Empirical study of PadPrints indicates that users experience improvements in time to perform tasks, number of pages accessed and subjective satisfaction when using PadPrints compared to Netscape Navi-gator's history feature. Allison Druin, also joining the University of …","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"93 ","pages":"80-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91447176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HCI education and CHI 98","authors":"Marian G. Williams, A. Sears","doi":"10.1145/310307.310321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/310307.310321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84009293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On May 10-12 1998, the Associationj~r Computing will hold its annual meeting in Washington DC This national conj~rence will~cus on critical pubtic policy issues affbaing the fi~ture of applications of computin$ The purpose of the conference is to ~rge stronger links between computer professionals and policy makers. Participants will interact with leaders J~om aeademia, industr)~ Congress, and Executive agencies, and participate in debates on policy issues including Universal Access, Electronic Commerce, Intellectual ProperO~ and Education Online.
{"title":"Policy '98: implications for SIGCHI","authors":"A. Henderson","doi":"10.1145/310307.310399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/310307.310399","url":null,"abstract":"On May 10-12 1998, the Associationj~r Computing will hold its annual meeting in Washington DC This national conj~rence will~cus on critical pubtic policy issues affbaing the fi~ture of applications of computin$ The purpose of the conference is to ~rge stronger links between computer professionals and policy makers. Participants will interact with leaders J~om aeademia, industr)~ Congress, and Executive agencies, and participate in debates on policy issues including Universal Access, Electronic Commerce, Intellectual ProperO~ and Education Online.","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"1 1","pages":"77-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81556182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to critique and reshape one of the fundamental paradigms of Human-Computer Interaction: the workspace. This treatise argues that the concept of a workspace---as an interaction metaphor---has certain intrinsic defects. As an alternative, a new interaction model, the communication space is offered in the hope that it will bring user interfaces closer to the ideal of human-computer symbiosis.
{"title":"As we may communicate","authors":"Carson Reynolds","doi":"10.1145/565711.565714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/565711.565714","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to critique and reshape one of the fundamental paradigms of Human-Computer Interaction: the workspace. This treatise argues that the concept of a workspace---as an interaction metaphor---has certain intrinsic defects. As an alternative, a new interaction model, the communication space is offered in the hope that it will bring user interfaces closer to the ideal of human-computer symbiosis.","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"1 1","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83077302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conference Themes in 1997-98 Recently I met with a group of Colleagues , all with masters' degrees in interaction and communication design, to discuss the current state of our careers. I heard job titles such as "Inno-vator" that would have been unimaginable several years ago. Many of us perform similar work yet few of our titles quite describe what we actually do. Our activities as designers are evolving so quickly that industry terminology can't keep up. Designers, in general, play an increasingly important role in an economy of accelerated change, where new solutions and specialties continually emerge. Tremendous amounts of money and serious social and political consequences are at stake. Digital media, technology, and particularly the web offer new forms for human interchange which challenge social norms, and for which there is not yet a mature and distinctive language of expression. It's an exciting time for designers. This year I attended two conferences that addressed these new challenges to designers. conferences featured talented presenters and impressive work; however, each defined and approached issues regarding communication and the role of design somewhat differently. The Living Surfaces conference focused on issues concerned with "Digital Liter-acy", an interesting and relevant theme that explored changes in communication design occurring as a result of digital technology. But what, exactly, is meant by the term? Comprehension? The ability to be expressive and have your ideas understood? In what ways has the exchange between designers and audiences changed? And how can we become more "digitally" articulate? Nearly all designers today use digital tools in their practice, and these tools affect their work, if not their thinking. Using Photoshop to design a book cover is a much simpler type of confrontation with digital technology than, say, designing a distance learning program for the web; involvement in the digital medium occurs at different levels of complexity. The presenters at Living Surfaces can be seen to have fallen into several categories. First, there were those who us with its effect on their practice. Second were those concerned with the effects of digital media's growing ubiq-uity upon marketing and design strategy and on culture, due to the quantity and nature of our exchanges. Third were those few who are immersed in projects involving totally new technology and communication capabilities, where digital technology makes its most dramatic impact on design activity. While good design is driven more by ideas than tools, it …
{"title":"Change, information and understanding: conference themes in 1997-98","authors":"Millicent Cooley","doi":"10.1145/565711.565718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/565711.565718","url":null,"abstract":"Conference Themes in 1997-98 Recently I met with a group of Colleagues , all with masters' degrees in interaction and communication design, to discuss the current state of our careers. I heard job titles such as \"Inno-vator\" that would have been unimaginable several years ago. Many of us perform similar work yet few of our titles quite describe what we actually do. Our activities as designers are evolving so quickly that industry terminology can't keep up. Designers, in general, play an increasingly important role in an economy of accelerated change, where new solutions and specialties continually emerge. Tremendous amounts of money and serious social and political consequences are at stake. Digital media, technology, and particularly the web offer new forms for human interchange which challenge social norms, and for which there is not yet a mature and distinctive language of expression. It's an exciting time for designers. This year I attended two conferences that addressed these new challenges to designers. conferences featured talented presenters and impressive work; however, each defined and approached issues regarding communication and the role of design somewhat differently. The Living Surfaces conference focused on issues concerned with \"Digital Liter-acy\", an interesting and relevant theme that explored changes in communication design occurring as a result of digital technology. But what, exactly, is meant by the term? Comprehension? The ability to be expressive and have your ideas understood? In what ways has the exchange between designers and audiences changed? And how can we become more \"digitally\" articulate? Nearly all designers today use digital tools in their practice, and these tools affect their work, if not their thinking. Using Photoshop to design a book cover is a much simpler type of confrontation with digital technology than, say, designing a distance learning program for the web; involvement in the digital medium occurs at different levels of complexity. The presenters at Living Surfaces can be seen to have fallen into several categories. First, there were those who us with its effect on their practice. Second were those concerned with the effects of digital media's growing ubiq-uity upon marketing and design strategy and on culture, due to the quantity and nature of our exchanges. Third were those few who are immersed in projects involving totally new technology and communication capabilities, where digital technology makes its most dramatic impact on design activity. While good design is driven more by ideas than tools, it …","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"70 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91018954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This email is typical of the numerous questions people have shared with me. In the past year, I've come to realize that there are many people who want to change their existing jobs and move into this field. There are also numerous people completing undergraduate or graduate degrees, who are wondering what they might do next in this growing area of interest. In addition, there are also many people who would like more education in this area, but are wondering what that means.
{"title":"How did you get to doing what you do?","authors":"A. Druin","doi":"10.1145/565711.565724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/565711.565724","url":null,"abstract":"This email is typical of the numerous questions people have shared with me. In the past year, I've come to realize that there are many people who want to change their existing jobs and move into this field. There are also numerous people completing undergraduate or graduate degrees, who are wondering what they might do next in this growing area of interest. In addition, there are also many people who would like more education in this area, but are wondering what that means.","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"20 1","pages":"20-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83392091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cursory visit to the computing section of your local bookshop will reveal an odd omission in the literature of human-computer interaction. We are well supplied with texts discussing the "front end" activities of requirements gathering, such as task analysis, use cases, scenarios, and a variety of other techniques for discovering and describing user requirements. Equally, there is a plenitude of books on the "back end" activities, such as the design and layout of screens and controls for a variety of implementation environments. (Indeed, it is hard to believe that the world needs quite so many books on Web site design; on the other hand, the evidence of the Web itself suggests that few of these books are in the hands of Web site designers.) There are also many well-defined processes for evaluating the usability of an interface once it has been designed, even when it is just a lowfidelity paper prototype. One step in the design process, however, has been oddly neglected: the step that transforms user requirements into an initial interface design (which can then be refined through established techniques). This is the "gap" of this book's subtitle.
{"title":"User interface design: bridging the gap","authors":"Carl Zetie","doi":"10.1145/565711.565728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/565711.565728","url":null,"abstract":"A cursory visit to the computing section of your local bookshop will reveal an odd omission in the literature of human-computer interaction. We are well supplied with texts discussing the \"front end\" activities of requirements gathering, such as task analysis, use cases, scenarios, and a variety of other techniques for discovering and describing user requirements. Equally, there is a plenitude of books on the \"back end\" activities, such as the design and layout of screens and controls for a variety of implementation environments. (Indeed, it is hard to believe that the world needs quite so many books on Web site design; on the other hand, the evidence of the Web itself suggests that few of these books are in the hands of Web site designers.) There are also many well-defined processes for evaluating the usability of an interface once it has been designed, even when it is just a lowfidelity paper prototype. One step in the design process, however, has been oddly neglected: the step that transforms user requirements into an initial interface design (which can then be refined through established techniques). This is the \"gap\" of this book's subtitle.","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"16 1","pages":"45-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88721783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the simplest examples of non-verbal communication is that of proximity, i.e. the distance at which conversants stand (or sit) from each other when interacting. This is known to be guided by certain social rules which take into account personal relationships, culture, personality and the purpose of the discussion, violation of which leads to various psychological and behavioural effects.One such effect is persuasion. Sales people will tend to approach customers closer than other business people. Video has in the past been shown to lead to more effective negotiation and bargaining than audio only conditions in experimental tasks. So far though, it remains unknown whether or not similar effects of proximity exist within video-mediated communication --- or indeed even whether or not proximity can be conveyed through video. This study investigates the role of the proxemic information within the video image in a formal persuasion environment using both subjective and objective measures of attitude and behaviour.A simulation of a customer seeking financial advice from an advisor across a live video link had two proxemic conditions --- the image of the advisor appearing either very close or far away. Subjective impressions of both the task and technology were analysed by questionnaire and showed no subjective differences between conditions. Structural analysis of the dialogues however, indicated customers to be more interactive in the close condition. When the advisor appeared close the customer spoke more often, said more, took longer and made more instances of overlapping speech. The similarity between these results and those of familiarity studies are discussed and a hypothesis of perceived close proximity resulting in perceived familiarity is offered.The study shows that proxemic information is preserved in video conferencing and produces effects similar to those of face-to-face interactions but less pronounced. This is explained by the video conveying only visual proxemic information compared to the multimodal information available in face-to-face interaction.
{"title":"The effects of visual proxemic information in video mediated communication","authors":"D. Grayson, L. Coventry","doi":"10.1145/565711.565713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/565711.565713","url":null,"abstract":"One of the simplest examples of non-verbal communication is that of proximity, i.e. the distance at which conversants stand (or sit) from each other when interacting. This is known to be guided by certain social rules which take into account personal relationships, culture, personality and the purpose of the discussion, violation of which leads to various psychological and behavioural effects.One such effect is persuasion. Sales people will tend to approach customers closer than other business people. Video has in the past been shown to lead to more effective negotiation and bargaining than audio only conditions in experimental tasks. So far though, it remains unknown whether or not similar effects of proximity exist within video-mediated communication --- or indeed even whether or not proximity can be conveyed through video. This study investigates the role of the proxemic information within the video image in a formal persuasion environment using both subjective and objective measures of attitude and behaviour.A simulation of a customer seeking financial advice from an advisor across a live video link had two proxemic conditions --- the image of the advisor appearing either very close or far away. Subjective impressions of both the task and technology were analysed by questionnaire and showed no subjective differences between conditions. Structural analysis of the dialogues however, indicated customers to be more interactive in the close condition. When the advisor appeared close the customer spoke more often, said more, took longer and made more instances of overlapping speech. The similarity between these results and those of familiarity studies are discussed and a hypothesis of perceived close proximity resulting in perceived familiarity is offered.The study shows that proxemic information is preserved in video conferencing and produces effects similar to those of face-to-face interactions but less pronounced. This is explained by the video conveying only visual proxemic information compared to the multimodal information available in face-to-face interaction.","PeriodicalId":7397,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGCHI Bull.","volume":"96 1","pages":"30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76007813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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