Optical remote sensing of PM2.5 concentration complements ground-based in situ sampler observations and depends on aerosol extinction-to-mass conversion and meteorological factors. Based on Mie scattering theory, we derived a non-linear analytical expression among the PM2.5 mass concentration, aerosol extinction coefficient, and hygroscopic factor. We analyzed 1-year data of aerosol size distribution, PM2.5, visibility, and relative humidity (RH) and refined the exponential factors for improving PM2.5 estimated from the aerosol extinction coefficient in Hefei, China. Aerosol size distribution data on adjacent days were used to approximate the hygroscopic factors of the aerosols. The measured PM2.5 in 2020 was used to refine the exponential factors relevant to the large aerosol extinction coefficient and RH in the analytical function. Next, we evaluated the derived PM2.5 from aerosol extinction with the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM), which independently observed PM2.5 in January 2021; their comparisons indicated good consistency and strong correlation with a linear correlation coefficient of R2=0.76. Finally, by applying the analytical function of PM2.5 and aerosol extinction, we obtained the spatial and vertical distribution of PM2.5 from the NASA/CALIPSO-observed aerosol extinction profiles, which showed reasonable agreement and good correlation with the TEOM-measured PM2.5 in several major cities in Anhui Province, China.
{"title":"Analysis of Non-linear Relationship of PM2.5 Mass Concentration with Aerosol Extinction Coefficient and RH in Hefei, China","authors":"Yinan Chen, Shiguo Zhang, Yonghua Wu, Kee Yuan, Jian Huang, Dongfeng Shi, Shunxing Hu","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230139","url":null,"abstract":"Optical remote sensing of PM2.5 concentration complements ground-based in situ sampler observations and depends on aerosol extinction-to-mass conversion and meteorological factors. Based on Mie scattering theory, we derived a non-linear analytical expression among the PM2.5 mass concentration, aerosol extinction coefficient, and hygroscopic factor. We analyzed 1-year data of aerosol size distribution, PM2.5, visibility, and relative humidity (RH) and refined the exponential factors for improving PM2.5 estimated from the aerosol extinction coefficient in Hefei, China. Aerosol size distribution data on adjacent days were used to approximate the hygroscopic factors of the aerosols. The measured PM2.5 in 2020 was used to refine the exponential factors relevant to the large aerosol extinction coefficient and RH in the analytical function. Next, we evaluated the derived PM2.5 from aerosol extinction with the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM), which independently observed PM2.5 in January 2021; their comparisons indicated good consistency and strong correlation with a linear correlation coefficient of R2=0.76. Finally, by applying the analytical function of PM2.5 and aerosol extinction, we obtained the spatial and vertical distribution of PM2.5 from the NASA/CALIPSO-observed aerosol extinction profiles, which showed reasonable agreement and good correlation with the TEOM-measured PM2.5 in several major cities in Anhui Province, China.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emissions of total particulate matter (TPM) from stationary combustion sources consist of both filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). According to the study's findings, CPM emissions contributed significantly to the overall concentration of TPM. Therefore, there has been a growing focus on the physicochemical properties and control strategy of CPM. Firstly, this paper systematically reviewed the formation, composition, characteristics, and methods of removing CPM. Secondly, integrating the current removal methods, a cold electrode electrostatic precipitator (CE-ESP) based on the synergistic effect of multi-field coupled force on CPM coagulation and removal was put forward and installed. Thirdly, case studies of CE-ESP on CPM removal were conducted in a municipal solid waste incineration plant and a coal-fired power plant. The results showed that the removal efficiency of CPM could reach as high as 93%. The CE-ESP had a significant removal effect on both organic and inorganic substances in CPM.
{"title":"New Insights into the Synergistic Effect on Condensable Particulate Matter Based on the Formation, Characteristics and Removal","authors":"Wenting Liu, Xin Wang, Bowen Zhao, Jianyi Lu","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230145","url":null,"abstract":"Emissions of total particulate matter (TPM) from stationary combustion sources consist of both filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). According to the study's findings, CPM emissions contributed significantly to the overall concentration of TPM. Therefore, there has been a growing focus on the physicochemical properties and control strategy of CPM. Firstly, this paper systematically reviewed the formation, composition, characteristics, and methods of removing CPM. Secondly, integrating the current removal methods, a cold electrode electrostatic precipitator (CE-ESP) based on the synergistic effect of multi-field coupled force on CPM coagulation and removal was put forward and installed. Thirdly, case studies of CE-ESP on CPM removal were conducted in a municipal solid waste incineration plant and a coal-fired power plant. The results showed that the removal efficiency of CPM could reach as high as 93%. The CE-ESP had a significant removal effect on both organic and inorganic substances in CPM.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136005101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheng-Lun Lin, Hongjie Zhang, M. Lin, Shih-Wei Huang
In some special densely populated areas, the background atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentration is very high, which makes near-ground (NG) exposure a major problem endangering human health. In our study, the night market in Chiayi City was selected as the research object and collected the 24-hour PM 2.5 samples through the federal reference method (FRM), characterizing the mass concentration, water-soluble ionic components, carbon specious, metal compositions and source contributions of PM 2.5 . To better analyze the contribution of traffic sources under different sampling conditions, the mobile real-time monitoring system was used to analyze the quality of NG-PM 2.5 , the number of ultra-fine particles (UFP), the concentration of black carbon (BC) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) before and after the traffic restriction. Results indicated the concentration of PM 2.5 was 7.26 – 58.6 mg m – 3 . In chemical analysis, secondary contents e.g., carbonaceous and ionic components accounted for ~ 60% of the PM 2.5 , supporting the importance of long-range transport. However, the traffic contribution accounted for ~ 30% and hardly changed between different samples, which was not conducive to source apportionment. Through traffic restriction, it was found that all kinds of pollutants increased significantly before restriction, and even after restriction, the concentrations of PM 2.5 and BC increased 131% and 151% in low concentration season. In the high concentration season, the traffic restriction significantly reduced the NG-UFP and NG-PAH concentration by 27% and 55%, respectively, but NG-BC and NG-PM 2.5 was almost unaffected. Therefore, besides the contribution of traffic source, emissions from cooking activities are very important for the increase of NG-PM 2.5 levels in the night market area.
{"title":"The Unignorable Near-ground PM2.5, UFP, PAHs, and BC Levels around a Traffic Prohibited Night Market","authors":"Sheng-Lun Lin, Hongjie Zhang, M. Lin, Shih-Wei Huang","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220331","url":null,"abstract":"In some special densely populated areas, the background atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentration is very high, which makes near-ground (NG) exposure a major problem endangering human health. In our study, the night market in Chiayi City was selected as the research object and collected the 24-hour PM 2.5 samples through the federal reference method (FRM), characterizing the mass concentration, water-soluble ionic components, carbon specious, metal compositions and source contributions of PM 2.5 . To better analyze the contribution of traffic sources under different sampling conditions, the mobile real-time monitoring system was used to analyze the quality of NG-PM 2.5 , the number of ultra-fine particles (UFP), the concentration of black carbon (BC) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) before and after the traffic restriction. Results indicated the concentration of PM 2.5 was 7.26 – 58.6 mg m – 3 . In chemical analysis, secondary contents e.g., carbonaceous and ionic components accounted for ~ 60% of the PM 2.5 , supporting the importance of long-range transport. However, the traffic contribution accounted for ~ 30% and hardly changed between different samples, which was not conducive to source apportionment. Through traffic restriction, it was found that all kinds of pollutants increased significantly before restriction, and even after restriction, the concentrations of PM 2.5 and BC increased 131% and 151% in low concentration season. In the high concentration season, the traffic restriction significantly reduced the NG-UFP and NG-PAH concentration by 27% and 55%, respectively, but NG-BC and NG-PM 2.5 was almost unaffected. Therefore, besides the contribution of traffic source, emissions from cooking activities are very important for the increase of NG-PM 2.5 levels in the night market area.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70294551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Hini, Kexin Gao, Yi Zheng, Maimaiti Simayi, S. Xie
China's petroleum refining industry has set off another climax and has entered a new rapid development by building seven petrochemical bases. Sector-based volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the refining industry in seven petrochemical-developed provinces in China were estimated for 1990–2019 and projected for 2020–2030 under the business-as-usual (BAU), new policy control (NPC), and the highest control (HC) scenarios. Furthermore, speciated VOCs and their ozone formation potentials (OFP) were estimated in 2019. Total VOC emissions from existing refineries were 541.14 Gg in 2019, of which 43.9%, 31.3%, 18.3%, and 6.6% were from fugitive, end-of-pipe, tank storage, and wastewater treatment sources, respectively. Alkanes were the most dominant compound in refineries, accounting for 55.2% of total emissions, followed by alkenes (18.9%) and aromatics (12.5%). Alkenes were the highest contributor to OFP, accounting for 59.5% of total OFP, followed by alkanes (22.3%) and aromatics (13.7%). n-Butane, ethylene, cis-2-Butene, n-Decane, and n-Pentane were the top five species with the highest emissions, accounting for approximately 50% of total emissions. Whilst, ethylene, cis-2-Butene, n-Pentane, n-Butane, and m/p-Xylene were the top five species with the highest contribution to OFPs, accounting for approximately 78% of total OFPs. In 2030, 741.03 and 165.28 Gg more VOC will be released than in 2019 under a non-control condition and the BAU scenario. It is estimated that 75.05 and 228.67 Gg of VOC from all refineries can be reduced under the NPC 2030 and the HC 2030 scenarios. To effectively reduce VOC emissions from refining industries, priority should be given to fugitive emissions by improving and upgrading the production processes and implementing enhanced leak detection and Repair system. More efficient control technologies should be invented for end-of-pipe sources. Vapor recovery systems and secondary seals have great potential for VOC emission reduction from storage tanks.
{"title":"Emission Characteristics, OFPs, and Mitigation Perspectives of VOCs from Refining Industry in China's Petrochemical Bases","authors":"G. Hini, Kexin Gao, Yi Zheng, Maimaiti Simayi, S. Xie","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220347","url":null,"abstract":"China's petroleum refining industry has set off another climax and has entered a new rapid development by building seven petrochemical bases. Sector-based volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the refining industry in seven petrochemical-developed provinces in China were estimated for 1990–2019 and projected for 2020–2030 under the business-as-usual (BAU), new policy control (NPC), and the highest control (HC) scenarios. Furthermore, speciated VOCs and their ozone formation potentials (OFP) were estimated in 2019. Total VOC emissions from existing refineries were 541.14 Gg in 2019, of which 43.9%, 31.3%, 18.3%, and 6.6% were from fugitive, end-of-pipe, tank storage, and wastewater treatment sources, respectively. Alkanes were the most dominant compound in refineries, accounting for 55.2% of total emissions, followed by alkenes (18.9%) and aromatics (12.5%). Alkenes were the highest contributor to OFP, accounting for 59.5% of total OFP, followed by alkanes (22.3%) and aromatics (13.7%). n-Butane, ethylene, cis-2-Butene, n-Decane, and n-Pentane were the top five species with the highest emissions, accounting for approximately 50% of total emissions. Whilst, ethylene, cis-2-Butene, n-Pentane, n-Butane, and m/p-Xylene were the top five species with the highest contribution to OFPs, accounting for approximately 78% of total OFPs. In 2030, 741.03 and 165.28 Gg more VOC will be released than in 2019 under a non-control condition and the BAU scenario. It is estimated that 75.05 and 228.67 Gg of VOC from all refineries can be reduced under the NPC 2030 and the HC 2030 scenarios. To effectively reduce VOC emissions from refining industries, priority should be given to fugitive emissions by improving and upgrading the production processes and implementing enhanced leak detection and Repair system. More efficient control technologies should be invented for end-of-pipe sources. Vapor recovery systems and secondary seals have great potential for VOC emission reduction from storage tanks.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70294640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Ramadan, R. Rosmalina, Syafrudin -, Munawir -, H. Khair, I. Rachman, Toru Matsumoto
Open waste burning (OWB) is a common disposal practice in several countries. However, this activity can serve as a source of particulate matter and black carbon, which possess a greater greenhouse effect potential than CO 2 . Moreover, particulates can produce chronic health impacts on residents around the burning areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the environmental effects and health risks associated with the open burning of household waste in Semarang, Indonesia. Four steps were followed to answer the research questions: (1) data collection through a random questionnaire survey, transect walk, and field survey; (2) estimation of environmental risk using the IPCC calculation method; (3) multiplication of emission factors to determine black carbon emissions; and (4) estimation of health risks based on chemical speciation bound to particulate matter. Open burning remained the second most common waste disposal practice even after the implementation of waste collection services by the government. Specifically, approximately 240.28 tons of waste is not collected by the environmental agency service every day, and 88.6% of the uncollected waste in the city is openly burned. Plastic burning contributed to the highest emission share among waste components, and annual total emissions due to OWB were estimated at approximately 53,809.66 tons. Although the carcinogenic risk was low, non-cancer disease risk exceeded the standard. Therefore, direct exposure of residents to OWB may pose significant health risks. The present work fills the scientific and knowledge gaps in the OWB studies.
{"title":"Potential Risks of Open Waste Burning at the Household Level: A Case Study of Semarang, Indonesia","authors":"B. Ramadan, R. Rosmalina, Syafrudin -, Munawir -, H. Khair, I. Rachman, Toru Matsumoto","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220412","url":null,"abstract":"Open waste burning (OWB) is a common disposal practice in several countries. However, this activity can serve as a source of particulate matter and black carbon, which possess a greater greenhouse effect potential than CO 2 . Moreover, particulates can produce chronic health impacts on residents around the burning areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the environmental effects and health risks associated with the open burning of household waste in Semarang, Indonesia. Four steps were followed to answer the research questions: (1) data collection through a random questionnaire survey, transect walk, and field survey; (2) estimation of environmental risk using the IPCC calculation method; (3) multiplication of emission factors to determine black carbon emissions; and (4) estimation of health risks based on chemical speciation bound to particulate matter. Open burning remained the second most common waste disposal practice even after the implementation of waste collection services by the government. Specifically, approximately 240.28 tons of waste is not collected by the environmental agency service every day, and 88.6% of the uncollected waste in the city is openly burned. Plastic burning contributed to the highest emission share among waste components, and annual total emissions due to OWB were estimated at approximately 53,809.66 tons. Although the carcinogenic risk was low, non-cancer disease risk exceeded the standard. Therefore, direct exposure of residents to OWB may pose significant health risks. The present work fills the scientific and knowledge gaps in the OWB studies.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of rare earth-doped Fe-based oxide catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalysts. The effects of the various rare earth species, doping amount of Sm, calcination temperature and the kind of precipitant on the deNO x activity of the catalysts were systematically investigated. The SO 2 resistance performance was tested on the optimal catalyst. The catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunner Emmet Teller (BET). The results showed that the doping of Sm significantly improves the removal efficiency of Fe-based oxides. Sm 0.075 Fe 0.925 catalyst showed the optimal deNO x performance and excellent resistance to SO 2 . At the optimal doping rate (0.075), the denitrification rate was close to 100% between 200 and 250 ° C. The calcination temperature has a significant effect on the catalyst. The order of catalytic activity for different calcination temperatures was 350 ° C ≈ 400 ° C > 450 ° C > 500 ° C. The Sm 0.075 Fe 0.925 achieved 100% the de-NOx efficiencies at calcination temperatures of 350–400 ° C. It was also found that the deNO x performance of the catalyst prepared by using NH 3 ·H 2 O as the precipitating agent was better than the catalyst prepared by using (NH 3 ) 2 CO 3 or NaOH as the precipitating agent. Normally a small amount of SO 2 would render the catalyst inactive, but the Sm 0.075 Fe 0.925 catalyst was basically regenerated after 0.05% SO 2 removal in this resistance test.
{"title":"Effects of Synthesis Conditions on Rare Earth Doped Iron Oxide Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3","authors":"Ying Wei, Bingquan Wang, Ruiyi Ren, Rui Wang","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220438","url":null,"abstract":"A series of rare earth-doped Fe-based oxide catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalysts. The effects of the various rare earth species, doping amount of Sm, calcination temperature and the kind of precipitant on the deNO x activity of the catalysts were systematically investigated. The SO 2 resistance performance was tested on the optimal catalyst. The catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunner Emmet Teller (BET). The results showed that the doping of Sm significantly improves the removal efficiency of Fe-based oxides. Sm 0.075 Fe 0.925 catalyst showed the optimal deNO x performance and excellent resistance to SO 2 . At the optimal doping rate (0.075), the denitrification rate was close to 100% between 200 and 250 ° C. The calcination temperature has a significant effect on the catalyst. The order of catalytic activity for different calcination temperatures was 350 ° C ≈ 400 ° C > 450 ° C > 500 ° C. The Sm 0.075 Fe 0.925 achieved 100% the de-NOx efficiencies at calcination temperatures of 350–400 ° C. It was also found that the deNO x performance of the catalyst prepared by using NH 3 ·H 2 O as the precipitating agent was better than the catalyst prepared by using (NH 3 ) 2 CO 3 or NaOH as the precipitating agent. Normally a small amount of SO 2 would render the catalyst inactive, but the Sm 0.075 Fe 0.925 catalyst was basically regenerated after 0.05% SO 2 removal in this resistance test.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-component analysis of PM 0.5–0.1 collected by Nanosampler II metal (Steel Use Stainless: SUS) wool fiber at the PM 0.1 classification stage is challenging owing to difficulties in SUS wool fiber separation after collection. A 4-division (4D) cartridge was developed to enable quantitative analysis of multiple components by dividing the SUS wool fibers into four sections. The performance of the 4D cartridge was evaluated using sulfate ion concentrations of actual atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Observations using the 4D cartridge revealed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of sulfate ions was lower for mesh with a large open area. In the case of the mesh with a large opening area, the partition did not block too much of the cross-sectional area of the SUS wool fiber, thus minimizing its effect on the airflow and possibly suppressing particle adhesion on the stainless-steel mesh. The PM 0.1 classification efficiency test was conducted, and a linear analysis of the total filling mass of SUS wool fiber along with classifying efficiency of 100 nm PM was performed. In the 4D cartridge, it was estimated that 8.7 mg of SUS wool fiber was required to achieve a classification efficiency of 100 nm at 50% cutoff diameter because the apparent volume fraction of SUS wool fiber increases with the introduction of the partition. Using optimal mesh and amount of SUS wool fiber, the average RSD of sulfate ions was 5.6%, which was within the acceptable range ( ± 15%) for reanalysis of the Ministry of the Environment in Japan due to changes in analytical sensitivity of ionic components, confirming that PM was evenly collected from the four pieces of SUS wool fiber. This enabled multi-component analysis of all particle sizes including PM 0.5-0.1 through the classified collection of PM using Nanosampler II.
{"title":"Divisive Refinement of Metal Fiber at the PM0.1 Classification Stage for PM0.5-0.1 Sampling with Nanosampler","authors":"Yuta Kurotsuchi, K. Sekiguchi, Yohei Hayakawa","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220439","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-component analysis of PM 0.5–0.1 collected by Nanosampler II metal (Steel Use Stainless: SUS) wool fiber at the PM 0.1 classification stage is challenging owing to difficulties in SUS wool fiber separation after collection. A 4-division (4D) cartridge was developed to enable quantitative analysis of multiple components by dividing the SUS wool fibers into four sections. The performance of the 4D cartridge was evaluated using sulfate ion concentrations of actual atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Observations using the 4D cartridge revealed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of sulfate ions was lower for mesh with a large open area. In the case of the mesh with a large opening area, the partition did not block too much of the cross-sectional area of the SUS wool fiber, thus minimizing its effect on the airflow and possibly suppressing particle adhesion on the stainless-steel mesh. The PM 0.1 classification efficiency test was conducted, and a linear analysis of the total filling mass of SUS wool fiber along with classifying efficiency of 100 nm PM was performed. In the 4D cartridge, it was estimated that 8.7 mg of SUS wool fiber was required to achieve a classification efficiency of 100 nm at 50% cutoff diameter because the apparent volume fraction of SUS wool fiber increases with the introduction of the partition. Using optimal mesh and amount of SUS wool fiber, the average RSD of sulfate ions was 5.6%, which was within the acceptable range ( ± 15%) for reanalysis of the Ministry of the Environment in Japan due to changes in analytical sensitivity of ionic components, confirming that PM was evenly collected from the four pieces of SUS wool fiber. This enabled multi-component analysis of all particle sizes including PM 0.5-0.1 through the classified collection of PM using Nanosampler II.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A MIL-125-NH 2 metal-organic framework (MOF) coated electret filter, named E-MOFilter, was previously developed to simultaneously remove PM 2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 µ m in aerodynamic diameter) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs, e
mil -125- nh2金属有机框架(MOF)涂层驻极体过滤器，名为e - mofilter，先前开发的同时去除PM 2.5(空气动力学直径小于2.5 μ m的颗粒物)和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs, e
{"title":"A Novel Sustainable Semiconductor/Metal-organic Framework Coated Electret Filter for Simultaneous Removal of PM2.5 and VOCs","authors":"Yu Zhang, Zan Zhu, Wei-Ning Wang, S. Chen","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220445","url":null,"abstract":"A MIL-125-NH 2 metal-organic framework (MOF) coated electret filter, named E-MOFilter, was previously developed to simultaneously remove PM 2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 µ m in aerodynamic diameter) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs, e","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rendering plants treat dead livestock and produce grease and bone meal. In a rendering plant, the cooking and drying processes are the main sources of odor emissions. Non-fresh dead livestock reduce the performance of odor control devices, and in Taiwan, the treatment facilities in a rendering plant mostly are operated in a batch feeding, which causes volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the exhausted gas, that always caused complaints from the nearby neighborhood. This study used respectively ozone and hydrogen peroxide to evaluate the removal efficiencies of pentanal, hexanal and toluene those are common VOCs in the rendering exhaustion. Experimental results indicated that ozone could not effectively reduce aldehydes and toluene, and the residual ozone remaining in the exhaust gas is a secondary air pollutant and irritate the human respiratory tracts. Oppositely, hydrogen peroxide effectively removed pentanal as a feasible VOC treatment oxidant by adding into a contact reactor. When the pentanal exhaustion concentration from the rendering process was around 36.23 ppm in the flue with the flow rates from 100 to 250 Nm 3 min –1 , the reaction rate constant of pentanal for the first-order reaction by aqueous hydrogen peroxide of 1,000 mg L –1 was obtained as 0.536 1 s –1 , and then the pentanal reduced to 0.68 to 2 ppm. Based on the simulation using the Gaussian dispersion model, the concentration ranges of pentanal in the exhausted stream resulted in the pentanal emission rate lower than 0.01 g s –1 , which no longer causes surrounding residents’ complaints.
{"title":"VOC Emissions from a Rendering Plant and Evaluation for Removal of Pentanal by Oxidization Using Hydrogen Peroxide","authors":"W. Cheng, Chun-Hung Lin, C. Yuan, K.L. Chang","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220440","url":null,"abstract":"Rendering plants treat dead livestock and produce grease and bone meal. In a rendering plant, the cooking and drying processes are the main sources of odor emissions. Non-fresh dead livestock reduce the performance of odor control devices, and in Taiwan, the treatment facilities in a rendering plant mostly are operated in a batch feeding, which causes volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the exhausted gas, that always caused complaints from the nearby neighborhood. This study used respectively ozone and hydrogen peroxide to evaluate the removal efficiencies of pentanal, hexanal and toluene those are common VOCs in the rendering exhaustion. Experimental results indicated that ozone could not effectively reduce aldehydes and toluene, and the residual ozone remaining in the exhaust gas is a secondary air pollutant and irritate the human respiratory tracts. Oppositely, hydrogen peroxide effectively removed pentanal as a feasible VOC treatment oxidant by adding into a contact reactor. When the pentanal exhaustion concentration from the rendering process was around 36.23 ppm in the flue with the flow rates from 100 to 250 Nm 3 min –1 , the reaction rate constant of pentanal for the first-order reaction by aqueous hydrogen peroxide of 1,000 mg L –1 was obtained as 0.536 1 s –1 , and then the pentanal reduced to 0.68 to 2 ppm. Based on the simulation using the Gaussian dispersion model, the concentration ranges of pentanal in the exhausted stream resulted in the pentanal emission rate lower than 0.01 g s –1 , which no longer causes surrounding residents’ complaints.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Da-Ying Zhang, Jing Wu, Zehua Liu, Yueling Zhang, Lin Peng
HCFC-141b (CH 3 CCl 2 F) has dual environmental impacts on ozone depletion and climate change, with the ozone depletion potential of 0.11 and the global warming potential of 782, and its emissions has attracted international attention. Under the control of the Montreal Protocol, China should phase out the production and consumption of HCFC-141b by 2030. This study firstly estimated the HCFC-141b emissions in eastern China based on the bottom-up method during 2000-2019. The results show that the HCFC-141b emissions in eastern China increased from 0.4 Gg yr –1 in 2000 to 7.1 Gg yr –1 in 2019, and there was a bank of 253.6 Gg in PU foam products in 2019, which may have an impact on the future HCFC-141b emissions. In addition, the HCFC-141b emissions were predicted in eastern China from 2020–2050 under the baseline scenario (BAU), the Montreal Protocol scenario (MP), and the accelerated phase-out scenario (AP), and the emission potential was analyzed. The results show that the HCFC-141b emissions increased rapidly under the BAU scenario, with the cumulative emissions of 1162.6 Gg in 2020–2050. Under the MP and AP scenarios, the cumulative HCFC-141b emission reduction potential from 2020 to 2050 will be 1002.1 Gg (equivalent to 110.2 Gg CFC-11-eq and 783.6 Tg CO 2 -eq) and 1034.8 Gg (equivalent to 113.8 Gg CFC-11-eq and 809.2 Tg CO 2 -eq), respectively. Compared with the MP scenario, under the AP scenario, eastern China will get an additional emission reduction potential of 32.7 Gg (equivalent to 3.6 Gg CFC-11-eq and 25.5 Tg CO 2 -eq) during 2020–2050, which will make greater contributions to protecting the ozone layer and mitigating climate change.
HCFC-141b (ch3ccl2f)对臭氧消耗和气候变化具有双重环境影响，其臭氧消耗潜势为0.11，全球变暖潜势为782，其排放受到国际关注。在《蒙特利尔议定书》的控制下，中国应在2030年前逐步淘汰HCFC-141b的生产和消费。本研究首先采用自下而上的方法估算了2000-2019年中国东部地区HCFC-141b的排放量。结果表明，中国东部地区HCFC-141b排放量从2000年的0.4 Gg / yr -1增加到2019年的7.1 Gg / yr -1, 2019年PU泡沫制品中存在253.6 Gg的库，这可能对未来HCFC-141b排放产生影响。在基线情景(BAU)、《蒙特利尔议定书》情景(MP)和加速淘汰情景(AP)下，对2020-2050年中国东部地区HCFC-141b的排放进行了预测，并对其排放潜力进行了分析。结果表明:BAU情景下HCFC-141b排放量快速增加，2020-2050年累计排放量为1162.6 Gg;在MP和AP情景下，2020 - 2050年HCFC-141b累计减排潜力分别为1002.1 Gg(相当于110.2 Gg cfc -11 eq和783.6 Tg CO 2 -eq)和1034.8 Gg(相当于113.8 Gg cfc -11 eq和809.2 Tg CO 2 -eq)。与MP情景相比，AP情景下，2020-2050年中国东部地区将额外获得32.7 Gg(相当于3.6 Gg CFC-11-eq和25.5 Tg co2 -eq)的减排潜力，将对保护臭氧层和减缓气候变化做出更大的贡献。
{"title":"HCFC-141b (CH3CCl2F) Emission Estimates for 2000–2050 in Eastern China","authors":"Da-Ying Zhang, Jing Wu, Zehua Liu, Yueling Zhang, Lin Peng","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230001","url":null,"abstract":"HCFC-141b (CH 3 CCl 2 F) has dual environmental impacts on ozone depletion and climate change, with the ozone depletion potential of 0.11 and the global warming potential of 782, and its emissions has attracted international attention. Under the control of the Montreal Protocol, China should phase out the production and consumption of HCFC-141b by 2030. This study firstly estimated the HCFC-141b emissions in eastern China based on the bottom-up method during 2000-2019. The results show that the HCFC-141b emissions in eastern China increased from 0.4 Gg yr –1 in 2000 to 7.1 Gg yr –1 in 2019, and there was a bank of 253.6 Gg in PU foam products in 2019, which may have an impact on the future HCFC-141b emissions. In addition, the HCFC-141b emissions were predicted in eastern China from 2020–2050 under the baseline scenario (BAU), the Montreal Protocol scenario (MP), and the accelerated phase-out scenario (AP), and the emission potential was analyzed. The results show that the HCFC-141b emissions increased rapidly under the BAU scenario, with the cumulative emissions of 1162.6 Gg in 2020–2050. Under the MP and AP scenarios, the cumulative HCFC-141b emission reduction potential from 2020 to 2050 will be 1002.1 Gg (equivalent to 110.2 Gg CFC-11-eq and 783.6 Tg CO 2 -eq) and 1034.8 Gg (equivalent to 113.8 Gg CFC-11-eq and 809.2 Tg CO 2 -eq), respectively. Compared with the MP scenario, under the AP scenario, eastern China will get an additional emission reduction potential of 32.7 Gg (equivalent to 3.6 Gg CFC-11-eq and 25.5 Tg CO 2 -eq) during 2020–2050, which will make greater contributions to protecting the ozone layer and mitigating climate change.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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