Air quality issues, including health and environmental challenges, have recently become more relevant in urban areas with large populations and active industries. Therefore, particulate matter (PM) estimation with high accuracy using various methods is required. In this study, PM 10 and PM 2.5 in Cheongju city, South Korea, were estimated using the attenuated backscatter coefficient of the ceilometer and meteorological observation data from an automatic weather station with supervised machine learning (ML). The backscatter coefficient data were obtained from the vertical layer with the highest correlation with PM 10 and PM 2.5 . The estimation methods utilized were tree, vector, neural, and regularization-based supervised ML. The extreme gradient boosting method yielded the highest PM estimation accuracy. The estimation of PM 10 and PM 2.5 for the test data set was more accurate than that in previous studies that used satellite and ground-based meteorological data (bias = 0.10 µ g m –3 , root mean square error (RMSE) = 14.44 µ g m –3 , and R = 0.92 for PM 10 ; and bias = 0.12 µ g m –3 , RMSE = 7.16 µ g m –3 , and R = 0.91 for PM 2.5 ). Particularly, the correlation coefficient was the highest for the estimation results for strong haze cases (1 km < visibility ≤ 5 km) ( R = 0.95 for PM 10 ; R = 0.89 for PM 2.5 ). Therefore, PM estimation using meteorological observation data can help obtain meteorological and PM information simultaneously, making it useful for air quality monitoring.
{"title":"Estimation of PM10 and PM2.5 Using Backscatter Coefficient of Ceilometer and Machine Learning","authors":"Bu-Yo Kim, Joo Wan Cha, Yong Hee Lee","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230033","url":null,"abstract":"Air quality issues, including health and environmental challenges, have recently become more relevant in urban areas with large populations and active industries. Therefore, particulate matter (PM) estimation with high accuracy using various methods is required. In this study, PM 10 and PM 2.5 in Cheongju city, South Korea, were estimated using the attenuated backscatter coefficient of the ceilometer and meteorological observation data from an automatic weather station with supervised machine learning (ML). The backscatter coefficient data were obtained from the vertical layer with the highest correlation with PM 10 and PM 2.5 . The estimation methods utilized were tree, vector, neural, and regularization-based supervised ML. The extreme gradient boosting method yielded the highest PM estimation accuracy. The estimation of PM 10 and PM 2.5 for the test data set was more accurate than that in previous studies that used satellite and ground-based meteorological data (bias = 0.10 µ g m –3 , root mean square error (RMSE) = 14.44 µ g m –3 , and R = 0.92 for PM 10 ; and bias = 0.12 µ g m –3 , RMSE = 7.16 µ g m –3 , and R = 0.91 for PM 2.5 ). Particularly, the correlation coefficient was the highest for the estimation results for strong haze cases (1 km < visibility ≤ 5 km) ( R = 0.95 for PM 10 ; R = 0.89 for PM 2.5 ). Therefore, PM estimation using meteorological observation data can help obtain meteorological and PM information simultaneously, making it useful for air quality monitoring.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134882992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akila Muthalagu, Yang Lian, Rekha M. Ravindran, Asif Qureshi
Floods create a conducive environment for the proliferation of microbes in the indoor air by providing nutrients and moisture and by introducing new microbes from outdoors to indoors. Thus, it is important to better understand the level of proliferation and the characteristics of microbes in the indoor air of flooded built environments. In this work, we address these aspects in a flooded environment in India and investigate the changes in the indoor air microbial burden by comparing with the control (non-flooded) houses. Flooded houses within one month of water recession were compared with control houses. Microbes (bacteria, fungi) were characterized and endotoxins were quantified. Microbial concentrations were significantly higher in flooded houses than the control houses ( p < 0.05). The potential infectious bacterial genera Pantoea , Acinetobacter , and fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were found dominant in the indoor air of flooded houses. Though these fungal genera were also present in the control houses, concentrations were higher ( p < 0.05) in the flooded houses. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that indoor air microbial burden was significantly and positively associated with outdoor air and outdoor soil. Further, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were found in both indoor air, and outdoor water sources (wells) of flooded houses. In our chlorine tests, the bacteria showed resistance to concentrations above 100 ppm, far exceeding those found in national and international guidelines. Bacteria were resistant to common antibiotics such as penicillin and ciprofloxacin.
{"title":"Impacts of Floods on the Indoor Air Microbial Burden","authors":"Akila Muthalagu, Yang Lian, Rekha M. Ravindran, Asif Qureshi","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230191","url":null,"abstract":"Floods create a conducive environment for the proliferation of microbes in the indoor air by providing nutrients and moisture and by introducing new microbes from outdoors to indoors. Thus, it is important to better understand the level of proliferation and the characteristics of microbes in the indoor air of flooded built environments. In this work, we address these aspects in a flooded environment in India and investigate the changes in the indoor air microbial burden by comparing with the control (non-flooded) houses. Flooded houses within one month of water recession were compared with control houses. Microbes (bacteria, fungi) were characterized and endotoxins were quantified. Microbial concentrations were significantly higher in flooded houses than the control houses ( p < 0.05). The potential infectious bacterial genera Pantoea , Acinetobacter , and fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were found dominant in the indoor air of flooded houses. Though these fungal genera were also present in the control houses, concentrations were higher ( p < 0.05) in the flooded houses. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that indoor air microbial burden was significantly and positively associated with outdoor air and outdoor soil. Further, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were found in both indoor air, and outdoor water sources (wells) of flooded houses. In our chlorine tests, the bacteria showed resistance to concentrations above 100 ppm, far exceeding those found in national and international guidelines. Bacteria were resistant to common antibiotics such as penicillin and ciprofloxacin.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134883004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrafine particles, defined as particles with a diameter ( d p ) smaller than 100 nm, serve as an important component of cloud condensation nuclei, in addition to impacting human health. The dominant sources of ultrafine particles include traffic emissions and nucleation. Singapore is a tropical city that hosts petrochemical industries. To identify the sources of ultrafine particles, a year-long observation of the number size distribution was conducted in Singapore in 2018 and 2019. The concentrations of CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , and SO 2 were also monitored. The particle number concentration during the southwest monsoon season was high, while that during the northeast monsoon period was relatively low. The CO concentration increased during the morning traffic rush hours, which was associated with relatively minor enhancements in ultrafine particle number concentration. The events for a high number concentration of the Aitken mode particles ( d p < 50 nm) were identified during high SO 2 concentration periods. The SO 2 concentration was high during the afternoon because the sea breeze transported the emissions from the coastal industrial area to the observation site. The enhancements in CH 4 from its background level ( Δ CH 4 ) and SO 2 had a quasi-inverse relationship, as the major emission sources of these two chemical species were different. The particle number concentration ( d p > 50 nm) correlated with the enhancements in CO concentration ( Δ CO) for CH 4 -dominant air masses, suggesting that incomplete combustion processes, such as traffic emission, are important for the size range. Conversely, the number concentration of the Aitken mode particles ( d p < 50 nm) increased for SO 2 -dominant air masses, suggesting the importance of industrial plume.
17超细颗粒，定义为直径(dp)小于100纳米的颗粒，除了影响人体健康外，还是云凝结核的重要组成部分。19超细颗粒的主要来源包括交通排放和成核。新加坡是一个拥有石油化工产业的热带城市。为了确定超细颗粒的来源，2018年和2019年22日在新加坡进行了为期21年的数量大小分布观察。还监测了CO、CO 2、ch4和so2的浓度。西南季风季23号粒子浓度较高，东北季风季23号粒子浓度相对较低。CO浓度在早高峰时段有所上升，这与超细颗粒物浓度的小幅上升有关。高浓度的Aitken模式粒子27 (d p < 50 nm)事件发生在so2高浓度时期。下午so2浓度较高，主要是由于海风将沿海工业区的排放物输送到观测点。背景浓度30 (ΔCH 4)对ch4的增强与so2的增强呈准反比关系，因为这31种化学物质的主要排放源不同。颗粒数浓度(d p > 50 nm)与ch4主导气团CO浓度的升高(ΔCO)相关，表明33个不完全燃烧过程，如交通排放，对尺寸范围很重要。34相反，35个so2主导气团的艾特肯模式粒子(d p < 50 nm)的数量浓度增加，表明工业羽流的重要性。
{"title":"The Role of Sulfur Emission from the Petroleum Industry on Ultrafine Particle Number Concentration in Singapore","authors":"Suyi Hou, Weihan Li, Liudongqing Yang, Guorong Chen, Yilin Zhang, M. Kuwata","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220265","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafine particles, defined as particles with a diameter ( d p ) smaller than 100 nm, serve as an important component of cloud condensation nuclei, in addition to impacting human health. The dominant sources of ultrafine particles include traffic emissions and nucleation. Singapore is a tropical city that hosts petrochemical industries. To identify the sources of ultrafine particles, a year-long observation of the number size distribution was conducted in Singapore in 2018 and 2019. The concentrations of CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , and SO 2 were also monitored. The particle number concentration during the southwest monsoon season was high, while that during the northeast monsoon period was relatively low. The CO concentration increased during the morning traffic rush hours, which was associated with relatively minor enhancements in ultrafine particle number concentration. The events for a high number concentration of the Aitken mode particles ( d p < 50 nm) were identified during high SO 2 concentration periods. The SO 2 concentration was high during the afternoon because the sea breeze transported the emissions from the coastal industrial area to the observation site. The enhancements in CH 4 from its background level ( Δ CH 4 ) and SO 2 had a quasi-inverse relationship, as the major emission sources of these two chemical species were different. The particle number concentration ( d p > 50 nm) correlated with the enhancements in CO concentration ( Δ CO) for CH 4 -dominant air masses, suggesting that incomplete combustion processes, such as traffic emission, are important for the size range. Conversely, the number concentration of the Aitken mode particles ( d p < 50 nm) increased for SO 2 -dominant air masses, suggesting the importance of industrial plume.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70294114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A pleated filter cartridge with an additional pleated filter cone installed on the cartridge base, i.e., a pleated cone filter cartridge, has been proposed to increase the filtration area and to improve medium regeneration by reverse pulsed-jet cleaning. In this study, the pulsed-jet cleaning performance of a pleated cone filter cartridge in a dust collector was investigated using a diffusion nozzle (as compared to that of a round nozzle). The effects of tank pressure ( TP ), jet distance ( JD ), and inner cone height ( HC ) on the distribution of static pressure acting on the inner surfaces of the cone filter cartridges were evaluated. The filtration pressure drops and emitted dust concentration of cartridges during the dust collector operation were also measured. It was found that, using a diffusion nozzle, the pulsed-jet pressure at the upper portion of the filter cartridges was increased, compared to that of a round nozzle, particularly for cartridges with a low HC and a short JD setting (e.g., a factor of 7.0 was observed when HC = 560 mm and at a JD setting of 150 mm). The pulsed-jet cleaning of a pleated cone filter cartridge using a diffusion nozzle can decrease the residual filtration pressure drop, prolong the cleaning interval, and reduce the average dust concentration emission from cone filter cartridges.
为了增加过滤面积，并通过反向脉冲射流清洗提高介质再生能力，提出了在滤筒底座上加装一个褶状滤筒，即褶状锥形滤筒。在本研究中，使用扩散喷嘴(与圆形喷嘴相比)研究了除尘器中折叠锥滤筒的脉冲射流清洁性能。考察了缸压(TP)、射流距离(JD)和内锥高度(HC)对作用于锥形滤芯内表面静压分布的影响。测定了除尘器运行过程中滤筒的过滤压降和出尘浓度。研究发现，与圆形喷嘴相比，使用扩散喷嘴，过滤筒上部的脉冲射流压力增加，特别是对于低HC和短JD设置的过滤器筒(例如，当HC = 560 mm, JD设置为150 mm时，观察到7.0的系数)。采用扩散喷嘴对折叠锥形滤芯进行脉冲射流清洗，可以减小过滤残余压降，延长清洗间隔，降低锥形滤芯的平均粉尘浓度排放。
{"title":"Improved Pulsed-Jet Cleaning of Pleated Cone Filter Cartridges Using a Diffusion Nozzle","authors":"Jianlong Li, W. Xie, Quanquan Wu, Da-Ren Chen, Ding-kun Shi, Qin Chen, Zhifei Ma, Daishe Wu","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220324","url":null,"abstract":"A pleated filter cartridge with an additional pleated filter cone installed on the cartridge base, i.e., a pleated cone filter cartridge, has been proposed to increase the filtration area and to improve medium regeneration by reverse pulsed-jet cleaning. In this study, the pulsed-jet cleaning performance of a pleated cone filter cartridge in a dust collector was investigated using a diffusion nozzle (as compared to that of a round nozzle). The effects of tank pressure ( TP ), jet distance ( JD ), and inner cone height ( HC ) on the distribution of static pressure acting on the inner surfaces of the cone filter cartridges were evaluated. The filtration pressure drops and emitted dust concentration of cartridges during the dust collector operation were also measured. It was found that, using a diffusion nozzle, the pulsed-jet pressure at the upper portion of the filter cartridges was increased, compared to that of a round nozzle, particularly for cartridges with a low HC and a short JD setting (e.g., a factor of 7.0 was observed when HC = 560 mm and at a JD setting of 150 mm). The pulsed-jet cleaning of a pleated cone filter cartridge using a diffusion nozzle can decrease the residual filtration pressure drop, prolong the cleaning interval, and reduce the average dust concentration emission from cone filter cartridges.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70294490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunting Zhao, W. Zheng, Simeng Ma, Weikai Kong, Bo Han, Jian Yu
With the economic growth and globalization, a great deal of airports are being or planned to be constructed or retrofitted in China. The air quality in airport terminal buildings has not been studied as in-depth as airport ambient air quality. Due to its unique architectural and operational characteristics, the airport terminal buildings have individual performance of indoor air quality. The contribution of outdoor particulate matter (PM) to indoor environment and passengers’ exposure to indoor PM is not well understood. The indoor (i
{"title":"Impacts of PM on Indoor Air Quality of Airport Terminal Buildings in a Core City of North China Plain","authors":"Yunting Zhao, W. Zheng, Simeng Ma, Weikai Kong, Bo Han, Jian Yu","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220357","url":null,"abstract":"With the economic growth and globalization, a great deal of airports are being or planned to be constructed or retrofitted in China. The air quality in airport terminal buildings has not been studied as in-depth as airport ambient air quality. Due to its unique architectural and operational characteristics, the airport terminal buildings have individual performance of indoor air quality. The contribution of outdoor particulate matter (PM) to indoor environment and passengers’ exposure to indoor PM is not well understood. The indoor (i","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70294843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han-Chuan Wu, Cong Liu, Chunze Cen, Chien-Er Huang, Sheng-Lun Lin
{"title":"Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Single Droplet Impingement on Heated Liquid Film","authors":"Han-Chuan Wu, Cong Liu, Chunze Cen, Chien-Er Huang, Sheng-Lun Lin","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han-Shi Chen, Kei-Iong Tam, Yu-Lin Zhao, Lan Yuan, Weiyi Wang, Merrisa Lin, P. Chiang
The impacts of climate change on air quality (tropospheric ozone pollution, particulate matter pollution, atmospheric deposition effect, and extreme weather events) greatly threaten most creatures on the earth who need to breathe fresh and non-toxic air. To respond to the impacts of climate change concerning air, many countries have proposed corresponding adaptation plans to reduce these impacts. In this study, a Climate Change Adaptation Plan concerning Air (CCAP-Air) is proposed based on the summary of policies and strategies in developed countries (United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan
{"title":"Development of Environmental Action Plans for Adaptation to Climate Change: A Perspective of Air Quality Management","authors":"Han-Shi Chen, Kei-Iong Tam, Yu-Lin Zhao, Lan Yuan, Weiyi Wang, Merrisa Lin, P. Chiang","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220377","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of climate change on air quality (tropospheric ozone pollution, particulate matter pollution, atmospheric deposition effect, and extreme weather events) greatly threaten most creatures on the earth who need to breathe fresh and non-toxic air. To respond to the impacts of climate change concerning air, many countries have proposed corresponding adaptation plans to reduce these impacts. In this study, a Climate Change Adaptation Plan concerning Air (CCAP-Air) is proposed based on the summary of policies and strategies in developed countries (United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of the chemical source profiles of agricultural soil dust (SD) can help accurately assess and apportion the contribution of agricultural sources to atmospheric particulate matter (PM). This study quantitatively analysed twenty-four elements, eight water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples from agricultural resuspended SD to understand the chemical profiles of agricultural SD in Baoji city, Northwest China. The results showed that the elemental compositions in the PM 10 and PM 2.5 size fractions contributed 40.18% and 39.6%, respectively, followed by water-soluble ions (3.85% in PM 10 and 6.62% in PM 2.5 ) and carbonaceous fractions (3.46% in PM 10 and 2.36% in PM 2.5 ). The reconstructed crustal matter estimated from Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe concentrations accounted for 79.58% and 78.8% of the total PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively, indicating that crustal matter may be the most significant contributor to agricultural SD PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass. Agricultural SD was influenced not only by the long-range transport of Asian dust but also by local anthropogenic sources. Higher Sc, As, Ca 2+ , NO 3– , and NH 4+ in PM 2.5 indicated that agricultural SD was strongly influenced by anthropogenic industrial and agricultural activities. The ratios of Si/Al, Ca/Al, K/Al, Fe/Al, and Ti/Fe in Baoji samples are basically consistent with those of Asian dust, indicating that the long-range transport of Asian dust had an important impact on the elemental composition of agricultural SD. Source identification found that higher NH 4+ /Al, NO 3– /Ca 2+ , NO 3– /SO 42– ratios, and OC can be considered possible source indicators.
{"title":"Chemical Fingerprints and Source Profiles of PM10 and PM2.5 from Agricultural Soil in a Typical Polluted Region of Northwest China","authors":"Yaochuang Yu, Junji Cao","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220419","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the chemical source profiles of agricultural soil dust (SD) can help accurately assess and apportion the contribution of agricultural sources to atmospheric particulate matter (PM). This study quantitatively analysed twenty-four elements, eight water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples from agricultural resuspended SD to understand the chemical profiles of agricultural SD in Baoji city, Northwest China. The results showed that the elemental compositions in the PM 10 and PM 2.5 size fractions contributed 40.18% and 39.6%, respectively, followed by water-soluble ions (3.85% in PM 10 and 6.62% in PM 2.5 ) and carbonaceous fractions (3.46% in PM 10 and 2.36% in PM 2.5 ). The reconstructed crustal matter estimated from Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe concentrations accounted for 79.58% and 78.8% of the total PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively, indicating that crustal matter may be the most significant contributor to agricultural SD PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass. Agricultural SD was influenced not only by the long-range transport of Asian dust but also by local anthropogenic sources. Higher Sc, As, Ca 2+ , NO 3– , and NH 4+ in PM 2.5 indicated that agricultural SD was strongly influenced by anthropogenic industrial and agricultural activities. The ratios of Si/Al, Ca/Al, K/Al, Fe/Al, and Ti/Fe in Baoji samples are basically consistent with those of Asian dust, indicating that the long-range transport of Asian dust had an important impact on the elemental composition of agricultural SD. Source identification found that higher NH 4+ /Al, NO 3– /Ca 2+ , NO 3– /SO 42– ratios, and OC can be considered possible source indicators.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µ m (PM 2.5 ) is a major air pollutant worldwide. In Malaysia, transboundary ‘haze’ episodes with elevated PM 2.5 concentrations linked to fires are common, causing health and economic harms. To reduce impacts, forecasting PM 2.5 can enable effective PM 2.5 management and decision-making. Until now, PM 2.5 forecasts via a global mechanistic chemical transport model (CTM) have not been evaluated in the setting of Malaysia, where operational PM 2.5 forecasting systems for preventive warnings are not yet deployed. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the performance of PM 2.5 forecasts produced by a global CTM and to assess their suitability for use nation-wide in Malaysia. We used the surface PM 2.5 forecasts from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service’s (CAMS) global atmospheric composition forecast dataset (CAMS-GACF) and evaluated them against hourly PM 2.5 observations recorded throughout Malaysia from 2018 to 2020 via exceedance and accuracy analyses. We found that cycle 46r1 CAMS-GACF performance in Malaysia was generally weaker (critical success index (CSI) = 31%, R 2 = 0.36) than reported in other studies (CSI = 20–54%, R 2 = 0.32–0.79) focused on other countries, across multiple metrics in both analyses. We found CAMS-GACF did not accurately capture local-scale spatiotemporal variations in PM 2.5 spatially and diurnally. However, we found CAMS-GACF captured better the increased regional PM 2.5 pollution during the transboundary ‘haze’ episode of 2019. Based on our findings, we also propose recommendations on integrating CAMS-GACF in early-warning systems in Malaysia and on improving forecasts via bias-correction.
{"title":"Assessment of Malaysia-wide PM2.5 Forecasts from a Global Model","authors":"Z. Tan, M. T. Latif, M. Ashfold","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220444","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µ m (PM 2.5 ) is a major air pollutant worldwide. In Malaysia, transboundary ‘haze’ episodes with elevated PM 2.5 concentrations linked to fires are common, causing health and economic harms. To reduce impacts, forecasting PM 2.5 can enable effective PM 2.5 management and decision-making. Until now, PM 2.5 forecasts via a global mechanistic chemical transport model (CTM) have not been evaluated in the setting of Malaysia, where operational PM 2.5 forecasting systems for preventive warnings are not yet deployed. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the performance of PM 2.5 forecasts produced by a global CTM and to assess their suitability for use nation-wide in Malaysia. We used the surface PM 2.5 forecasts from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service’s (CAMS) global atmospheric composition forecast dataset (CAMS-GACF) and evaluated them against hourly PM 2.5 observations recorded throughout Malaysia from 2018 to 2020 via exceedance and accuracy analyses. We found that cycle 46r1 CAMS-GACF performance in Malaysia was generally weaker (critical success index (CSI) = 31%, R 2 = 0.36) than reported in other studies (CSI = 20–54%, R 2 = 0.32–0.79) focused on other countries, across multiple metrics in both analyses. We found CAMS-GACF did not accurately capture local-scale spatiotemporal variations in PM 2.5 spatially and diurnally. However, we found CAMS-GACF captured better the increased regional PM 2.5 pollution during the transboundary ‘haze’ episode of 2019. Based on our findings, we also propose recommendations on integrating CAMS-GACF in early-warning systems in Malaysia and on improving forecasts via bias-correction.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Round-nozzle inertial impactors are widely used aerosol measuring instruments to characterize the mass and chemical composition of airborne aerosol particles as a function particle aerodynamic diameter. This article summarizes the most important design considerations with updated recommended design parameters taken from our review of published research articles and discusses some of the more common non-idealities seen in the operation and performance of inertial impactors. With this information, it is now possible to design a cascade impactor with near-ideal particle separation performance, and with stage cutpoints that can be predicted with excellent accuracy and verified experimentally using state-of-the-art calibration techniques.
{"title":"Design of Round-Nozzle Inertial Impactors Review with Updated Design Parameters","authors":"F. Romay, Estíbaliz García-Ruiz","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.220436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220436","url":null,"abstract":"Round-nozzle inertial impactors are widely used aerosol measuring instruments to characterize the mass and chemical composition of airborne aerosol particles as a function particle aerodynamic diameter. This article summarizes the most important design considerations with updated recommended design parameters taken from our review of published research articles and discusses some of the more common non-idealities seen in the operation and performance of inertial impactors. With this information, it is now possible to design a cascade impactor with near-ideal particle separation performance, and with stage cutpoints that can be predicted with excellent accuracy and verified experimentally using state-of-the-art calibration techniques.","PeriodicalId":7402,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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