Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献

Lifestyle modifications (LMs) are recommended as first-line therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aims to evaluate in a population with a high burden of GERD a lifestyle medicine intervention aimed at reducing GERD symptoms and medication use through patient-driven health goal setting, health coaching, and SMART LM prescribing. First responders to the attacks at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 have a high GERD burden associated with exposures at Ground Zero and lifestyle. An LM GERD-specific intervention, delivered virtually and integrating health technology for data capture, will be implemented in this cohort with the goal of reducing GERD symptoms and/or medication use. This study aims to investigate the value, feasibility, and satisfaction of full LM six-pillar of health intervention that includes patient-driven health goal setting and health coaching over a 6-month period in the treatment of GERD. A nonrandomized, noncontrolled prospective intervention will be implemented in patients with GERD who expressed interest in LMs. All participants will complete a self-administered (delivered via text) baseline American College of Lifestyle Medicine six-pillars of health survey and monthly GERD-Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) symptom and medication use questionnaires. Participants will receive seven telemedicine visits over 6 months with LM physicians that will include an initial GERD history evaluation and health coaching on GERD-specific modifications. Additionally, participants will self-rate confidence in achieving three LM modifications of high interest and SMART prescriptions will be written. Monthly coaching sessions to monitor progress with LM modifications will be provided and progress tracked over the 6-month study period. A satisfaction survey will be completed approximately 1 week after study completion. Outcome measures include GERD-HRQL scores and medication use. Patient satisfaction, feasibility, and acceptability will be surveyed at the end of the intervention.

Background

Most people have experienced low back pain, which significantly deteriorates their quality of life and causes a financial burden on society. Understanding the associations of low back pain severity with sociodemographic and psychosocial determinants in a sample of Ukrainians experiencing low back pain is essential for improving treatment.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling (N = 341) through an online survey questionnaire among Ukrainian refugees in Czechia. Self-reported physical and mental health, depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (BAI), and sociodemographic factors were measured. Linear regressions were conducted to understand the association between self-reported physical and mental health determinants, anxiety, depression, sociodemographic characteristics, and low back pain.

Results

Most participants with low back pain experienced moderate to concerning levels of anxiety (97.1%) and moderate to severe depression (92%). They estimated their physical and mental health from fair to very bad. The links between low back pain severity and having some limitations in everyday life or being disabled; lifestyle; age; socioeconomic status; and self-reported physical health status were revealed.

Conclusions

The study identified the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as self-reported physical and mental health statuses, and found psychosocial determinants of health associated with low back pain in the Ukrainian sample.

Background

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing in Europe, including Spain, leading to early onset chronic diseases. Two enduring risk factors in this phenomenon are unhealthy nutrition and lack of physical activity. The aim of this review is to examine and appraise the literature on the nature and extent (inputs, activities, outputs) of research conducted in school-based nutrition intervention programs in Spain and their effectiveness (outcomes and impact).

Methods

A review of published studies (2000–2024) using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines across 14 databases was conducted. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, involving a range of 28–2516 youth across many schools in various cities in Spain. Study designs ranged from randomized controlled trials to descriptive projects.

Results

Studies addressed a spectrum of dietary behaviors and knowledge aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle overall, good nutrition, and adequate physical activity. Almost all studies produced positive changes in youths’ nutrition behavior.

Conclusion

School nutrition intervention programs in Spain have shown significant promise in promoting healthier dietary behaviors and reducing obesity-related risks among children and adolescents. These programs improved adherence to the Mediterranean diet, increased fruit and vegetable intake, and better body mass index and body composition outcomes. To enhance impact and scalability, future efforts should focus on consistent methodologies and extended follow-up.

Background

Understanding the variables that contribute to low fruit and vegetable (FAV) intake is necessary to create effective strategies to enhance FAV consumption. However, there is a paucity of literature on this issue in Bangladesh. Therefore, we aimed to determine the factors associated with low FAV intake among adults in Bangladesh.

Methods

The World Health Organization's (WHO) 2018 STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey dataset was used that covered participants aged 18–69 years. The low FAV intake was the outcome of interest and a daily average consumption of <5 servings of FAVs (nearly 400 grams) was regarded as low FAV intake. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with low FAV consumption among Bangladeshi adults.

Results

The prevalence of low FAV intake among Bangladeshi adults was 67.75%. In the regression analysis, factors that were found to be associated with higher odds of having low FAV were as follows: having no knowledge of recommended FAV servings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 6.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.54–8.38), no intake of daily snacks (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.19–1.85) or only once a day (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18–1.81), absence of abdominal obesity (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09–1.70), being from urban areas (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07–1.69), and Chittagong and Rangpur division. Conversely, younger individuals showed lower odds of low FAV intake than those aged 60–69.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the importance of increasing knowledge and awareness to have daily recommended servings to promote overall FAV intake.

Background

This two-wave prospective study aims to apply self-determination theory (SDT) to understand how parents are motivated to protect their young children from COVID-19. We hypothesised that psychological need support from society and autonomous motivation from parents were predictive of parent's future engagement in preventive behaviours against COVID-19 for their children.

Methods

Participants were 689 US parents or legal caregivers of 3- to 8-year-old children. They completed an online survey comprising previously validated measures of psychological need support, autonomous motivation from SDT and behavioural adherence to COVID-19 prevention at baseline and a 1-month follow-up. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were employed to test the hypothesised relationships.

Results

Structural equation modelling revealed that psychological need support and autonomous motivation at baseline were positively related to parents’ adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours at follow-up.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the provision of autonomy-supportive and need-satisfying social environments may promote greater COVID-19 preventive behaviours in parents for their children and provide formative evidence to inform future interventions.

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a global public health challenge. Adherence to self-care management is critical to reducing complications. Evidence on adherence levels and influencing factors among diabetes patients in central Ethiopia is scarce. This study assessed adherence levels and predictors among diabetes patients in Kembata Zone, Central Ethiopia.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2024, involving 414 diabetes patients. Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Systematic random sampling was employed, and multivariable logistic regression identified adherence predictors. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Overall good adherence to diabetes self-care was 24.4% (95% CI: 20.3–28.5). Adherence by domain was 35.5% for dietary management, 20.5% for exercise, 42.3% for hypoglycemia management, 24.9% for insulin administration, and 29.7% for blood glucose testing. Urban residence (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.02–2.84) and diabetes duration of 1–5 years (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.39–6.48) positively predicted adherence, whereas primary education was negatively associated (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.74).

Conclusions

Adherence to diabetes self-care management in the study area was low, particularly in exercise and insulin administration. Urban residence and shorter diabetes duration were positive predictors, whereas lower education hindered adherence. Urgent health education tailored to rural and less-educated populations is needed, emphasizing exercise and insulin management to improve outcomes.

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, especially during the third trimester, and can occur as a result of different pregnancy-related physiological changes.

Objectives

To examine the social impact of LBP during the third trimester among pregnant women in selected hospitals in Nnewi North, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Methods

Pregnant women in their third trimester and attending antenatal care in some selected hospitals in Nnewi were selected conveniently. The participants completed a self-administered Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), from which their data were obtained, summarized and analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of chi-square (χ²), respectively. The alpha level was set at 0.05.

Results

A total of 104 women with a mean age and number of pregnancies of 33.89 ± 9.37 and 3.53 ± 1.66, respectively. The mean ODI score was 30.06 ± 17.85, respectively. All the participants revealed that they had LBP, and 39.4% reported pain of moderate intensity. The pain impacted their physical function, social activities and work; 35.6% were unable to walk more than 2 km, and 42.3% experienced increased pain during travel. The numbers of pregnancies, maternal age, occupations and educational level during the third trimester of pregnancy were not significantly associated (p > 0.05) with the severity of LBP.

Conclusion

LBP has a significant social impact on pregnant women during their third trimester of pregnancy as normal activities such as basic activities of daily living, travelling, sex life, social life and work result in exacerbation of pain. It is necessary to carry out thorough assessments and counselling, provide education on proper ergonomics and incorporate thorough pain management techniques into standard prenatal treatment.