Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献_第10页

Sensor-measured physical activity is associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk in African Americans 传感器测量的体力活动与非裔美国人心血管疾病风险降低有关

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.16

John A. Bernhart, Gabrielle M. Turner-McGrievy, Sarah Eustis, Mary J. Wilson, Brent Hutto, Sara Wilcox, Edward A. Frongillo, E. Angela Murphy

Introduction

Few studies have examined relationships between sensor-measured physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among African Americans. This study described relationships between PA and CVD risk in NEW Soul study participants.

Methods

Participants completed a dual X-ray absorptiometry scan and measures of blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, height, and weight. Actigraph GTM accelerometers measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). We assessed relationships between minutes/day of MVPA and total body fat percent, total lean body mass, total fat mass, total bone mass, total fat distribution, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio, adjusting for age, sex, and education.

Results

Participants (N = 159) were mostly women (79%), overweight/obese (99%), and had stage 1 or 2 hypertension (60%). Participants’ means ± SD for MVPA were 14.3 ± 12.5 min/day, total body fat percent 44.6% ± 7.5%, total lean body mass 54.7 ± 10.5 kg, systolic blood pressure 133.5 ± 16.7 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 83.1 ± 9.6 mmHg, waist-to-hip ratio 0.9 ± 0.1, and BMI 36.9 ± 6.9 kg/m². Every 10-min increase in MVPA minutes per day was associated with a 1.2 kg kg/m² decrease in BMI (t = –P = .02) and 2.0% decrease in total body fat percent (P ≤ .0001). MVPA also was negatively associated with total fat mass (P = .002) and total fat distribution (P = .003).

Conclusions

Findings confirmed protective relationships between PA and CVD risk, suggesting the importance of increasing PA among African Americans.

引言在非裔美国人中，很少有研究检测传感器测量的体力活动（PA）和心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间的关系。这项研究描述了新灵魂研究参与者PA和CVD风险之间的关系。方法参与者完成了双X射线吸收仪扫描，并测量了血压、腰围和臀围、身高和体重。Actigraph GTM加速度计测量中等至剧烈的身体活动（MVPA）。我们评估了MVPA分钟/天与全身脂肪百分比、总瘦体重、总脂肪量、总骨量、总脂肪分布、体重指数（BMI）、收缩压和舒张压以及腰臀比之间的关系，并根据年龄、性别和教育程度进行了调整。结果参与者（N=159）大多为女性（79%）、超重/肥胖（99%）和高血压1或2期（60%）。参与者的MVPA平均值±SD为14.3±12.5分钟/天，全身脂肪百分比为44.6%±7.5%，总瘦体重为54.7±10.5 kg，收缩压为133.5±16.7 mmHg，舒张压为83.1±9.6 mmHg，腰臀比为0.9±0.1，BMI为36.9±6.9 kg/m2。MVPA每天每增加10分钟，BMI就会降低1.2 kg kg/m2（t=–P=.02），全身脂肪百分比会降低2.0%（P≤.0001）。MVPA还与总脂肪量（P=.002）和总脂肪分布（P=.003）呈负相关。结论研究结果证实了PA和CVD风险之间的保护性关系，表明在非裔美国人中增加PA的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Dance and Parkinson's: Biological perspective and rationale 舞蹈与帕金森氏症：生物学视角与原理

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.15

Jessica McMahon, Paul Chazot

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. However, there is no known drug that can influence the underlying aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease and, as such, current treatments are limited to provision of symptom alleviation. Exercise, including dance, has been shown to positively influence general health and both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. This review explores how exercise and dance could be beneficial to people with PD and considers the potential underlying biological mechanisms. Such insights have the potential to identify novel therapeutic treatments that can help manage Parkinsonism and improve quality of life and slow the progression of the disease for patients.

帕金森病是世界上第二常见的神经退行性疾病。然而，目前还没有已知的药物可以影响该疾病的潜在病因和病理生理学，因此，目前的治疗仅限于缓解症状。包括舞蹈在内的运动已被证明对帕金森病的总体健康以及运动和非运动症状都有积极影响。这篇综述探讨了运动和舞蹈如何对帕金森病患者有益，并考虑了潜在的潜在生物学机制。这些见解有可能确定新的治疗方法，有助于管理帕金森病，提高患者的生活质量，减缓疾病的进展。

引用次数: 1

Physical activity levels, its barriers, and associated factors among the patients with type 2 diabetes residing in the capital city of Bangladesh 居住在孟加拉国首都的2型糖尿病患者的体育活动水平、障碍及其相关因素

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.14

Laila Sadia, Lingkan Barua, Palash Chandra Banik, Mithila Faruque

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical activity (PA), its barriers, and the associated factors among the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Bangladesh.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited 215 patients with T2DM who visited the Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences General Hospital from January to December 2019. Their PA level and its barriers were detected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Barriers to Being Active Quiz, respectively. The PA levels and their barriers were presented using descriptive statistics. The associated factors of PA were identified using the multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Results

Nearly one third of the study subjects (31.2%) were physically inactive. Among the active subjects (68.8%), more than half were moderately active (46%) and rest (22.8%) were engaged in vigorous PA. In the reported barriers of PA, half of the respondents considered “lack of willpower” as the major barrier followed by “lack of energy” (39.4%) and “lack of time” (36.7%). The associated factors of PA level were the occupational status (employed), monthly income, and the personal barrier “lack of time.”

Conclusion

A significant portion of Bangladeshi patients did not meet the recommended PA and several personal barriers were identified as the contributing factors of this inactivity. It demands intervention to motivate them to increase PA and their commitment to time management. Future research could clarify the current finding more precisely using the objective measurement of PA in a large sample of patients with T2DM.

引言本研究的目的是确定孟加拉国2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的体力活动水平、障碍及其相关因素。方法这项横断面研究招募了215名T2DM患者，他们于2019年1月至12月访问了孟加拉国卫生科学研究所总医院。他们的PA水平及其障碍分别使用全球体育活动问卷和积极性障碍测验进行检测。PA水平及其障碍采用描述性统计方法。采用多项逻辑回归分析确定PA的相关因素。结果近三分之一的受试者（31.2%）没有进行体育锻炼。在活跃受试者中（68.8%），超过一半的受试者中度活跃（46%），其余（22.8%）从事剧烈的PA。在报告的PA障碍中，一半的受访者认为“缺乏意志力”是主要障碍，其次是“缺乏能量”（39.4%）和“缺乏时间”（36.7%），月收入和个人障碍“缺乏时间”。结论相当一部分孟加拉国患者没有达到推荐的PA，一些个人障碍被确定为这种不活动的促成因素。它需要干预来激励他们增加PA和他们对时间管理的承诺。未来的研究可以通过在大量T2DM患者中客观测量PA来更准确地阐明当前的发现。

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引用次数: 4

Tai Chi as a method of improving pain management in patients with fibromyalgia 太极拳作为一种改善纤维肌痛患者疼痛管理的方法

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-11-24 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.13

Rebecca Carole Wood

Introduction

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition defined by widespread body pain and hyperalgesia, lasting over 3 months. Pharmacotherapy is the usual initial management; however, this is frequently insufficient, resulting in persistent symptoms. Tai Chi is considered a meditative movement, combining deep breathing with gentle movements to foster a healthy relationship of body and mind. This research aims to investigate the impact of Tai Chi on pain management in patients with FM, with the aim of producing an educational resource.

Methods

A literature review was conducted on online databases for research papers, using the keywords ‘Fibromyalgia’, ‘Tai Chi’, ‘meditative movement’ and ‘Pain’. The results were critically analysed; research papers that were relevant and carried adequate validity were selected.

Results

Efficacy of Tai Chi compared to aerobic exercise was investigated in one randomized controlled trial (RCT), using the revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR) to quantify outcomes. FIQR scores improved significantly in the Tai Chi group (P = .03). A supporting meta-analysis suggests that Tai Chi expresses significant positive effects on improving FIQR, whereas another RCT indicates that Tai Chi reduced symptoms and improved quality of life (P = .001).

Conclusions

Overall, research indicates that Tai Chi can significantly improve pain management in FM. However, it fails to consider the challenges of implementing Tai Chi within the community. Currently there is insufficient funding within the National Health Service (NHS), which compromises Tai Chi interventions. Nevertheless, Tai Chi has been shown to empower patients to adopt behaviours that facilitate a bio-psycho-social wellbeing, which improves symptom management. An intervention such as an educational resource may benefit patients with FM by improving access to Tai Chi.

引言纤维肌痛（FM）是一种慢性疼痛，由广泛的身体疼痛和痛觉过敏定义，持续时间超过3个月。药物治疗是通常的初始管理；然而，这往往是不够的，导致持续的症状。太极拳被认为是一种冥想运动，将深呼吸与轻柔的动作相结合，以促进身心的健康关系。本研究旨在调查太极拳对FM患者疼痛管理的影响，目的是制作一个教育资源。方法在研究论文的在线数据库中使用关键词“纤维肌痛”、“太极”、“冥想运动”和“疼痛”进行文献综述。对结果进行了严格分析；选择相关且具有足够有效性的研究论文。结果在一项随机对照试验（RCT）中，使用修订的纤维肌痛影响问卷（FIQR）来量化结果，研究了太极拳与有氧运动的疗效。太极组的FIQR评分显著改善（P=.03）。一项支持性荟萃分析表明，太极对改善FIQR有显著的积极作用，而另一项随机对照试验表明，太极减轻了症状，提高了生活质量（P=.001），研究表明，太极拳可以显著改善FM的疼痛管理。然而，它没有考虑到在社区内实施太极拳的挑战。目前，国家医疗服务体系（NHS）的资金不足，这影响了太极拳的干预。尽管如此，太极拳已被证明能使患者采取有助于生物-心理-社会健康的行为，从而改善症状管理。教育资源等干预措施可以通过改善太极拳的使用，使FM患者受益。

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引用次数: 2

Mood and well-being of novice open water swimmers and controls during an introductory outdoor swimming programme: A feasibility study 开放水域新手的情绪和幸福感以及在户外游泳入门课程中的控制：一项可行性研究

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.12

Heather Massey, Ngianga Kandala, Candice Davis, Mark Harper, Paul Gorczynski, Hannah Denton

Background

Anecdotal evidence suggests that outdoor swimming can improve mood. This feasibility study examined the mood and well-being in participants attending an outdoor swimming course.

Methods

Profile of Mood States and Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale questionnaires were completed by participants on a 10-week introductory outdoor swimming course (61 swimmers) and 22 controls who sat on the beach. Questionnaires were completed before and after three sessions: the first session (pool based), their first outdoor swim (session 4) and their final outdoor swim (session 10).

Results

Swimmers reported acute increases in positive subscales (Esteem and Vigour, P < .001) and reductions in negative subscales (Tension, Anger, Depression, and Confusion and Total Mood Disturbance [TMD], P < .001, d = 1.1–1.7). TMD was also reduced between sessions (P < .001, d = 0.08). Well-being also increased during the course in swimmers (P < .001, d = 3.7) and controls (P = .019, d = 0.2). Greater reductions in TMD (P < .001, d = 0.8–2.5) and increases in well-being were observed in swimmers than controls (P = .034, r = .23).

Conclusions

Novice outdoor swimmers participating in a 10-week introductory outdoor swimming course had acute and chronic reductions in negative mood, increases in well-being and acute increases in positive mood. Controls mood scores fluctuated and were similar at the start and end of the course, whereas well-being scores improved by the final session. Tension scores peaked in both swimmers and controls immediately before the first outdoor swim. Nonetheless the swimmers’ improvement in mood and well-being scores was significantly greater than that of the controls. The nature of the study does not provide mechanistic understanding; there are likely to be a number of explanations (physiological, psychological and sociological) for the changes in mood and well-being in swimmers and controls that can be investigated further.

背景轶事证据表明，户外游泳可以改善心情。这项可行性研究考察了参加户外游泳课程的参与者的情绪和幸福感。方法由参加为期10周的户外游泳入门课程的参与者（61名游泳运动员）和22名坐在海滩上的对照者完成情绪状态简介和沃里克-爱丁堡短期心理健康量表问卷。问卷在三次训练前后完成：第一次训练（以游泳池为基础）、第一次室外游泳（第4次训练）和最后一次户外游泳（第10次训练）。结果游泳运动员报告阳性分量表（Esteem和Vigor，P<；.001）急剧增加，阴性分量表（紧张、愤怒、抑郁、困惑和总情绪障碍[TMD]，P<，.001，d=1.1-1.7）减少。两次训练之间TMD也减少（P<；0.001，d=0.08）。游泳运动员在训练过程中幸福感也增加（P<；.001，d=3.7）和对照组（P=.019，d=0.2）。与对照组相比，游泳运动员的TMD（P<，.001，d=0.8-2.5）降低幅度更大，幸福感增强（P=.034，r=.23）游泳课程中消极情绪的急性和慢性减少，幸福感的增加，积极情绪的急性增加。对照组的情绪得分在课程开始和结束时波动很大，相似，而幸福感得分在最后一节课时有所改善。在第一次室外游泳前，游泳运动员和对照组的紧张程度得分都达到了峰值。尽管如此，游泳运动员的情绪和幸福感得分的改善明显大于对照组。研究的性质并不能提供机械的理解；对于游泳运动员和对照组的情绪和幸福感的变化，可能有很多解释（生理学、心理学和社会学）可以进一步研究。

{"title":"Mood and well-being of novice open water swimmers and controls during an introductory outdoor swimming programme: A feasibility study","authors":"Heather Massey, Ngianga Kandala, Candice Davis, Mark Harper, Paul Gorczynski, Hannah Denton","doi":"10.1002/lim2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.12","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anecdotal evidence suggests that outdoor swimming can improve mood. This feasibility study examined the mood and well-being in participants attending an outdoor swimming course.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Profile of Mood States and Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale questionnaires were completed by participants on a 10-week introductory outdoor swimming course (61 swimmers) and 22 controls who sat on the beach. Questionnaires were completed before and after three sessions: the first session (pool based), their first outdoor swim (session 4) and their final outdoor swim (session 10).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Swimmers reported acute increases in positive subscales (Esteem and Vigour, <i>P </i>< .001) and reductions in negative subscales (Tension, Anger, Depression, and Confusion and Total Mood Disturbance [TMD], <i>P </i>< .001, <i>d </i>= 1.1–1.7). TMD was also reduced between sessions (<i>P </i>< .001, <i>d </i>= 0.08). Well-being also increased during the course in swimmers (<i>P </i>< .001, <i>d </i>= 3.7) and controls (<i>P </i>= .019, <i>d </i>= 0.2). Greater reductions in TMD (<i>P </i>< .001, <i>d </i>= 0.8–2.5) and increases in well-being were observed in swimmers than controls (<i>P </i>= .034, <i>r </i>= .23).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Novice outdoor swimmers participating in a 10-week introductory outdoor swimming course had acute and chronic reductions in negative mood, increases in well-being and acute increases in positive mood. Controls mood scores fluctuated and were similar at the start and end of the course, whereas well-being scores improved by the final session. Tension scores peaked in both swimmers and controls immediately before the first outdoor swim. Nonetheless the swimmers’ improvement in mood and well-being scores was significantly greater than that of the controls. The nature of the study does not provide mechanistic understanding; there are likely to be a number of explanations (physiological, psychological and sociological) for the changes in mood and well-being in swimmers and controls that can be investigated further.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72146821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Association between intelligence quotient and obesity in England 英国人智商与肥胖的关系

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.11

Louis Jacob, Josep Maria Haro, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi

Introduction

In the past years, there has been a controversy regarding the potential association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between IQ and obesity in England using nationally representative community-based data.

Methods

This study used data from people who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test. Obesity was based on self-reported weight and height and defined as a body mass index higher or equal to 30 kg/m². Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between IQ and obesity, while adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, qualification, employment, income, chronic physical conditions, loneliness, social support, stressful life events, smoking status, alcohol dependence, drug use, and common mental disorders.

Results

There were 6798 individuals aged ≥16 years included in the present study. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to IQ scores of 120-129, IQ scores of 110-119 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16), 100-109 (OR = 1.35), 90-99 (OR = 1.26), 80-89 (OR = 1.68), and 70-79 (OR = 1.72) were associated with increased odds for obesity. Furthermore, a 10-point decrease in IQ was associated with a 1.10-fold increase in the odds for obesity.

Conclusions

There was a negative association between IQ and obesity in the UK population. Further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this relationship.

1医学院，凡尔赛大学圣昆廷-恩伊韦林斯，蒙蒂尼-勒布雷顿瑙，法国2研究和发展股，Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu，巴塞罗那大学，巴塞罗那，西班牙3卡洛斯三世健康研究所，心理健康网络生物医学研究中心，马德里，西班牙4剑桥锻炼科学中心，安格利亚-罗斯金大学，剑桥，英国5 ICREA，巴塞罗那，西班牙

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引用次数: 3

Improving physical activity within diabetes care: Preliminary effects and feasibility of a national low-intensity group-based walking intervention among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus 改善糖尿病护理中的体育活动：在2型糖尿病患者中进行全国性低强度团体步行干预的初步效果和可行性

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.10

Hannah Regeer, Sasja D. Huisman, Pepijn van Empelen, Jeroen Flim, Henk J. G. Bilo

Introduction

Despite the positive outcomes of physical activity (PA) interventions on health and PA behavior in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it proves rather difficult to structurally implement such interventions in daily diabetes care. The National Diabetes Challenge (NDC) was designed as a low-intensity and low-cost annual walking intervention for people with T2DM, with the aim to overcome potential barriers in intervention delivery. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this approach.

Methods

This feasibility study had a pre/posttest design. First, we assessed acceptability and feasibility by means of posttest process evaluations among participants and healthcare providers. Second, to examine preliminary efficacy we studied emotional well-being and patient activation among 822 participants with T2DM, and number of daily steps and somatic health outcomes in a subgroup of 189 participants with T2DM. These data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests.

Results

The intervention was generally well-received by both the participants and healthcare providers, people reporting satisfaction and perceived benefits. The results show improved glycemic control in participants with above target baseline HbA1c, improved patient activation in participants with lower activation at baseline, and decrease of body weight and improved emotional well-being in all participants. Furthermore, the number of daily steps taken increased during the intervention.

Conclusions

This feasibility study did show acceptability and generally good feasibility with regard to implementation, and provides initial evidence for the effectiveness of a group-based walking intervention with weekly group supervision, with improved behavioral, somatic and psychological outcomes in people with T2DM. Our findings highlight the potential of a low-intensity group-based walking intervention in increasing PA behavior in people with T2DM, while also taking into account common barriers regarding structural implementation in diabetes care. The study provides support for a more rigorous testing of the NDC program.

引言尽管体育活动（PA）干预对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的健康和PA行为产生了积极影响，但事实证明，在日常糖尿病护理中结构性实施此类干预相当困难。国家糖尿病挑战赛（NDC）是为2型糖尿病患者设计的一项低强度、低成本的年度步行干预，旨在克服干预实施中的潜在障碍。本研究的目的是探索这种方法的可行性和初步疗效。方法本可行性研究采用测试前/测试后设计。首先，我们通过参与者和医疗保健提供者的测试后过程评估来评估可接受性和可行性。其次，为了检验初步疗效，我们研究了822名T2DM参与者的情绪健康和患者激活情况，以及189名T2DM患者亚组的日常步数和身体健康结果。使用配对样本t检验对这些数据进行分析。结果该干预措施普遍受到参与者和医疗保健提供者的欢迎，人们报告了满意度和感知到的好处。结果显示，HbA1c高于目标基线的参与者血糖控制得到改善，基线时激活度较低的参与者患者激活度得到改善，所有参与者体重减轻，情绪健康状况得到改善。此外，在干预期间，每天采取的步骤数量有所增加。结论这项可行性研究确实显示了可接受性，在实施方面总体上具有良好的可行性，并为每周团体监督的团体步行干预的有效性提供了初步证据，改善了T2DM患者的行为、身体和心理结果。我们的研究结果强调了基于低强度群体的步行干预在增加T2DM患者PA行为方面的潜力，同时也考虑到了糖尿病护理结构实施方面的常见障碍。该研究为NDC计划的更严格测试提供了支持。

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引用次数: 2

Strengthening immunity through healthy lifestyle practices: Recommendations for lifestyle interventions in the management of COVID-19 通过健康的生活方式增强免疫力:关于管理COVID - 19的生活方式干预措施的建议

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.7

Ifeoma Monye MBBS, DFFP, DRCOG, DCH, Dip IBLM/BSLM, MRCGP, FRCGP, Abiodun Bamidele Adelowo MBBS, MPH, MSc, DHSEM, PGD HEM, PGD LSM, Dip IBLM, PhD

Abstract Although the practice of strengthening the immune system may not guarantee that people will not contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), there is evidence that suggests that the likelihood and severity of many viral infections can be considerably reduced if appropriate measures are taken to increase the efficacy of the immune response to invading organisms. Evidence‐based public health measures to reduce viral spread include—personal isolation, physical distancing, wearing facial masks, frequent hand washing with soap and running water, not touching the face, vaccination, etc. However once infected, recovery relies on host immunity to eradicate the foreign invaders, with symptomatic management, which is the core management strategy in COVID‐19 management guidelines. Researchers have observed that severe COVID‐19 prevalence and mortality is highest in people with preexisting conditions. Eighty percent of these preexisting diseases are lifestyle related. Also, the science of strengthening the immune system by adopting appropriate lifestyle changes is still evolving, especially among the suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 cases. This article briefly highlights the immune response to viral infections including COVID‐19 and refers to evidence that healthy lifestyle practices, enshrined as core aspects of lifestyle medicine, can strengthen the immune response to infections. This may improve outcome in COVID‐19. We therefore recommend specific evidence‐based lifestyle intervention measures that should be considered in the management of COVID‐19.

摘要尽管加强免疫系统的做法可能不能保证人们不会感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS‐CoV‐2），有证据表明，如果采取适当措施提高对入侵生物体的免疫反应的效力，许多病毒感染的可能性和严重程度可以大大降低。减少病毒传播的循证公共卫生措施包括——个人隔离、保持身体距离、戴口罩、经常用肥皂和自来水洗手、不接触面部、接种疫苗等。然而，一旦感染，康复依赖于宿主免疫力来根除外来入侵者，并进行症状管理，这是2019冠状病毒病管理指南中的核心管理策略。研究人员观察到，已有疾病的人中严重的COVID-19患病率和死亡率最高。这些预先存在的疾病中有80%与生活方式有关。此外，通过适当改变生活方式来增强免疫系统的科学仍在发展，尤其是在疑似和确诊的新冠肺炎病例中。这篇文章简要强调了对包括COVID-19在内的病毒感染的免疫反应，并提到了作为生活方式医学核心方面的健康生活方式实践可以增强对感染的免疫应答的证据。这可能会改善2019冠状病毒病的疗效。因此，我们建议在COVID-19的管理中应考虑具体的基于证据的生活方式干预措施。

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引用次数: 17

Plant-based diets and diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review 植物性饮食与糖尿病神经病变：系统综述

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.6

Maximilian Andreas Storz, Onno Küster

Introduction

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a debilitating condition and associated with significant morbidity, including gait disturbances, reduced quality of life, and pain, that is often resistant to conventional treatments. Treatment of DPN is based on several major approaches, including risk factor management, intensive glycemic control, and symptomatic pain management. Although some authors argue that none of the existing treatment options are satisfactory, an alternative strategy is frequently overlooked: the use of a whole-food, plant-based diet. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate whether a whole-food, plant-based diet could beneficially affect patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and DPN.

Methods

The electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords “plant-based,” “vegetarian,” “vegan,” “diet,” and “diabetic neuropathy.”

Results

Only a handful of studies investigated the effects of a plant-based diet on diabetic neuropathy. These studies suggest that a plant-based diet may alleviate pain in affected patients while significantly improving glycemic control, overweight, and serum lipids at the same time. Moreover, a plant-based diet appears to reduce the medication burden in affected patients. However, the results must be interpreted with caution, because the number of clinical trials is limited and all studies have important limitations with regard to their methodology. The dietary intervention was often combined with exercise and other supplemental factors, complicating the interpretation of results. Several potential mechanisms of action including improved blood flow and optimized intake of important nutrients were identified. These factors might complementarily contribute to improved perfusion in the endoneurial microvasculature, thus reducing local hypoxia and improving pain.

Conclusion

Physicians should consider recommending a plant-based diet to patients suffering from DPN, as current studies show favorable effects in terms of pain management, glycemic control, and reduced medication needs. Further well-designed studies are required to confirm the results of this review.

引言糖尿病多发性神经病（DPN）是一种使人衰弱的疾病，与严重的发病率有关，包括步态障碍、生活质量下降和疼痛，这些通常对传统治疗具有抵抗力。DPN的治疗基于几种主要方法，包括风险因素管理、强化血糖控制和症状性疼痛管理。尽管一些作者认为，现有的治疗方案都不令人满意，但一种替代策略经常被忽视：使用全食物、植物性饮食。这篇综述的目的是系统地研究全食物、植物性饮食是否对2型糖尿病和DPN患者有益。方法检索PubMed和Google Scholar的电子数据库，检索关键词为“植物性”、“素食主义者”、“纯素食主义”、“饮食”和“糖尿病神经病变”。“结果只有少数研究调查了植物性饮食对糖尿病神经病变的影响。这些研究表明，植物性饮食可以减轻患者的疼痛，同时显著改善血糖控制、超重和血脂。此外，植物性饮食似乎可以减轻受影响患者的药物负担。然而，必须谨慎解读结果，因为临床试验的数量有限，所有研究的方法都有重要的局限性。饮食干预通常与运动和其他补充因素相结合，使结果的解释复杂化。确定了几种潜在的作用机制，包括改善血流量和优化重要营养素的摄入。这些因素可能互补地有助于改善神经内膜微血管的灌注，从而减少局部缺氧并改善疼痛。结论医生应该考虑向DPN患者推荐植物性饮食，因为目前的研究表明，植物性饮食在疼痛管理、血糖控制和减少药物需求方面具有良好的效果。需要进一步精心设计的研究来确认这一审查的结果。

{"title":"Plant-based diets and diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review","authors":"Maximilian Andreas Storz, Onno Küster","doi":"10.1002/lim2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a debilitating condition and associated with significant morbidity, including gait disturbances, reduced quality of life, and pain, that is often resistant to conventional treatments. Treatment of DPN is based on several major approaches, including risk factor management, intensive glycemic control, and symptomatic pain management. Although some authors argue that none of the existing treatment options are satisfactory, an alternative strategy is frequently overlooked: the use of a whole-food, plant-based diet. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate whether a whole-food, plant-based diet could beneficially affect patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and DPN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords “plant-based,” “vegetarian,” “vegan,” “diet,” and “diabetic neuropathy.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only a handful of studies investigated the effects of a plant-based diet on diabetic neuropathy. These studies suggest that a plant-based diet may alleviate pain in affected patients while significantly improving glycemic control, overweight, and serum lipids at the same time. Moreover, a plant-based diet appears to reduce the medication burden in affected patients. However, the results must be interpreted with caution, because the number of clinical trials is limited and all studies have important limitations with regard to their methodology. The dietary intervention was often combined with exercise and other supplemental factors, complicating the interpretation of results. Several potential mechanisms of action including improved blood flow and optimized intake of important nutrients were identified. These factors might complementarily contribute to improved perfusion in the endoneurial microvasculature, thus reducing local hypoxia and improving pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physicians should consider recommending a plant-based diet to patients suffering from DPN, as current studies show favorable effects in terms of pain management, glycemic control, and reduced medication needs. Further well-designed studies are required to confirm the results of this review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72170855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Associations between obesity and ocular health in Spanish adults 西班牙成年人肥胖与眼部健康的关系

Q3 Medicine

Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)

Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.5

Louis Jacob, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi, Shahina Pardhan, Peter Allen, Lin Yang, Igor Grabovac, Jae Il Shin, Mark A. Tully, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez

Introduction

Obesity has been associated with poor vascular health, but not in a Spanish population. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate associations between obesity and cataract, wearing glasses or contact lenses, and trouble seeing in a large representative sample of the Spanish adult population.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². Ocular health included three dichotomous variables (presence vs absence): self-reported cataract, wearing glasses or contact lenses, and trouble seeing. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess associations between obesity (independent variable) and ocular health outcomes (dependent variables). Covariates included in the analysis were sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol, and diabetes.

Results

A total of 23 089 participants were included (54.1% female; mean [SD] age = 53.4 [18.9] years). After adjusting for sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, and wearing glasses or contact lenses (for the trouble seeing analysis only), obesity was found to be a risk factor for cataract (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.37) and trouble seeing (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.32) but not for wearing glasses or contact lenses (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.08). These findings were corroborated in participants ≥64 years.

Conclusions

In this large representative sample of Spanish adults, we found that obesity was a risk factor for cataract and trouble seeing. Lifestyle interventions aiming at the reduction of obesity in this population may indirectly improve ocular health. Such lifestyle interventions are important to implement considering the rising trend of obesity in Spain.

引言肥胖与血管健康状况不佳有关，但在西班牙人群中没有。因此，这项研究旨在调查肥胖与白内障、戴眼镜或隐形眼镜以及在西班牙成年人口中的大量代表性样本中视力障碍之间的关系。方法分析2017年西班牙全国健康调查的横断面数据。计算体重指数（BMI），肥胖定义为BMI≥30 kg/m2。眼睛健康包括三个二分变量（有无）：自我报告的白内障、戴眼镜或隐形眼镜以及视力障碍。多变量逻辑回归用于评估肥胖（自变量）和眼部健康结果（因变量）之间的相关性。纳入分析的协变量包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、吸烟、饮酒和糖尿病。结果共有23089名参与者（54.1%为女性；平均[SD]年龄=53.4[18.9]岁）。在调整了性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教育、吸烟、酒精、糖尿病以及戴眼镜或隐形眼镜（仅用于视力障碍分析）后，肥胖被发现是白内障（比值比[OR]=1.22；95%置信区间[CI]，1.09-1.37）和视力障碍（OR=1.20；95%CI，1.09-1.32）的危险因素，但不是戴眼镜或隐形眼镜的危险因素（OR=0.99；95%CI0.91-1.08）。这些发现在≥64岁的参与者中得到了证实。结论在这个具有代表性的西班牙成年人大样本中，我们发现肥胖是白内障和视力障碍的危险因素。旨在减少这一人群肥胖的生活方式干预可能间接改善眼部健康。考虑到西班牙肥胖率的上升趋势，这种生活方式干预措施的实施非常重要。

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引用次数: 2