Lassana Sissoko, N. Diarra, I. Nientao, B. Stuart, A. Togola, D. Diallo, M. Willcox
Background: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) leaves are commonly used for diabetes in Mali. This pilot clinical study aimed to evaluate its effect on post-prandial blood glucose in preparation for a larger trial. Methods: Diabetic patients and non-diabetic healthy volunteers (35 each) were asked to fast for 13 hours on three occasions. Blood glucose was measured before and after eating 100g of white bread (at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes). On their second and third study visits, they were given 1g and 2g respectively, of M. oleifera leaf powder, 30 minutes after eating the bread. The mean paired reduction in blood glucose at each time interval and the incremental area under the curve were calculated. Results: Ingestion of Moringa powder had no effect on blood glucose in non-diabetic participants, but in diabetic patients, it lowered blood glucose at 90 minutes. There was a trend towards lower incremental area under the curve when diabetic patients took 2g of Moringa. No side-effects were reported by any participant. Conclusions: Moringa oleifera leaf powder reduced post-prandial glycaemia in diabetic patients. A larger study is needed to define the optimal dose and to assess whether this translates into longer-term benefits.
{"title":"MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF POWDER FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES: A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL","authors":"Lassana Sissoko, N. Diarra, I. Nientao, B. Stuart, A. Togola, D. Diallo, M. Willcox","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v17i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v17i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) leaves are commonly used for diabetes in Mali. This pilot clinical study aimed to evaluate its effect on post-prandial blood glucose in preparation for a larger trial. Methods: Diabetic patients and non-diabetic healthy volunteers (35 each) were asked to fast for 13 hours on three occasions. Blood glucose was measured before and after eating 100g of white bread (at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes). On their second and third study visits, they were given 1g and 2g respectively, of M. oleifera leaf powder, 30 minutes after eating the bread. The mean paired reduction in blood glucose at each time interval and the incremental area under the curve were calculated. Results: Ingestion of Moringa powder had no effect on blood glucose in non-diabetic participants, but in diabetic patients, it lowered blood glucose at 90 minutes. There was a trend towards lower incremental area under the curve when diabetic patients took 2g of Moringa. No side-effects were reported by any participant. Conclusions: Moringa oleifera leaf powder reduced post-prandial glycaemia in diabetic patients. A larger study is needed to define the optimal dose and to assess whether this translates into longer-term benefits.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75433753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taiwo Josiah Bamigboye, Olawuni Julius Idowu, O. Olujide, Van Heerden Retif Fanie
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health challenge, projected by WHO to be one of the 7 leading cause of death by 2030. Medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be useful in DM local management because of polyphenols present in these plants. For an alternative treatment approach especially with polyphenols-rich herbs, knowledge of comparative efficacy of the polyphenols will lead to enhanced therapy especially in postprandial hyperglyceamic control. Materials and Methods: Vegetative parts of Anacardium occidentale, Abelmoschus ecsulentus and Ceiba pentandra, prominent in the local management of DM were identified, collected and subjected to alcoholic extraction. From the crude extracts were isolated agathisflavone, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-diglycoside, mangiferin, isomangiferin and pentagalloyl glucose, belonging to flavonoid, xanthones and tannins structural classes. These polyphenols were evaluated for their potentials to inhibit both α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Physicochemical parameters of the polyphenols were evaluated and molecular docking experiments were carried out to gain insight into the observed inhibitory activity. Results: quercetin 3-O-glucosidewas the most potent of the polyphenols against the two enzymes. Increase in the number of phenolic hydroxyl group did not increase the inhibitory activity and neither computation of the binding energies with the enzymes nor physicochemical parameters of the polyphenols could explain the observed inhibitory activity against the enzymes, across the structural classes. Thus, only the bioassay against the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase correlated well with the use of the plants in treating diabetic mellitus Conclusion: Medicinal plants rich in quercetin 3-O-glycoside may have better treatment outcomes in postprandial hyperglycaemia control.
背景:糖尿病(DM)是一项严重的公共卫生挑战，世卫组织预计到2030年将成为七大主要死亡原因之一。由于药用植物中含有多酚，因此药用植物已被证明对DM的局部管理有用。对于一种替代治疗方法，特别是富含多酚的草药，了解多酚的相对功效将导致加强治疗，特别是在餐后高血糖控制方面。材料与方法:选取在DM局部防治中具有突出作用的西药、沙鼠和五角草的营养部位进行鉴定、提取并进行酒精提取。从粗提物中分离得到了槲皮素黄酮、槲皮素3- o -葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3- o -二糖苷、芒果苷、异金盏花素和五棓酸葡萄糖，分别属于黄酮类、山酮类和单宁类。研究了这些多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制作用。对多酚的理化参数进行了评价，并进行了分子对接实验，以深入了解所观察到的抑制活性。结果:槲皮素3- o -葡萄糖苷对两种酶的抑制作用最强。酚羟基数目的增加并没有增加对酶的抑制活性，无论是与酶的结合能的计算还是多酚的理化参数都不能解释所观察到的对酶的抑制活性。因此，只有α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的生物活性测定与该植物在糖尿病治疗中的应用有较好的相关性。结论:富含槲皮素3- o -糖苷的药用植物对控制餐后高血糖有较好的疗效。
{"title":"STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIP OF THE POLYPHENOLS INHIBITION OF α-AMYLASE AND α-GLUCOSIDASE","authors":"Taiwo Josiah Bamigboye, Olawuni Julius Idowu, O. Olujide, Van Heerden Retif Fanie","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v17i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v17i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health challenge, projected by WHO to be one of the 7 leading cause of death by 2030. Medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be useful in DM local management because of polyphenols present in these plants. For an alternative treatment approach especially with polyphenols-rich herbs, knowledge of comparative efficacy of the polyphenols will lead to enhanced therapy especially in postprandial hyperglyceamic control. Materials and Methods: Vegetative parts of Anacardium occidentale, Abelmoschus ecsulentus and Ceiba pentandra, prominent in the local management of DM were identified, collected and subjected to alcoholic extraction. From the crude extracts were isolated agathisflavone, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-diglycoside, mangiferin, isomangiferin and pentagalloyl glucose, belonging to flavonoid, xanthones and tannins structural classes. These polyphenols were evaluated for their potentials to inhibit both α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Physicochemical parameters of the polyphenols were evaluated and molecular docking experiments were carried out to gain insight into the observed inhibitory activity. Results: quercetin 3-O-glucosidewas the most potent of the polyphenols against the two enzymes. Increase in the number of phenolic hydroxyl group did not increase the inhibitory activity and neither computation of the binding energies with the enzymes nor physicochemical parameters of the polyphenols could explain the observed inhibitory activity against the enzymes, across the structural classes. Thus, only the bioassay against the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase correlated well with the use of the plants in treating diabetic mellitus Conclusion: Medicinal plants rich in quercetin 3-O-glycoside may have better treatment outcomes in postprandial hyperglycaemia control.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80801308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Ethno-medicinal survey of herbal recipes used in managing sickle cell disease in Ile-Ife, Osun-State, Nigeria was carried out and two recipes selected for antisickling studies. Materials and Methods: Information was obtained using semi-structured questionnaires and open interview from respondents consisting of herb sellers, traditional medical practitioners, artisans and traders in two local government areas of Ife. Two recipes from the survey were selected for antisickling studies. Aqueous extract of each recipe was obtained by boiling the constituents in water for 1 h while the hydro ethanolic extracts were obtained by maceration in 70% ethanol for 72 h. Inhibitory and reversal antisickling properties were assessed using sodium metabisulphite as deoxygenating agent, vanillic acid (inhibitory agent), para-hydroxybenzoic (reversal agent) acid as positive controls while phosphate buffered saline was employed as negative control. Results: Fifty four recipes comprising forty six plants were obtained from the ethno-medicinal survey. The respondents comprised of 44% men and 56% women. The most frequently and commonly used plants belong to family Fabaceae. The inhibitory and reversal activities of the aqueous extract of recipe 1 (81.37± 1.09%, 88.56 ±1.38% respectively) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than recipe 2 (78.51 ± 0.78% inhibition and 79.8 ± 2.16% reversal) at same concentration. The hydro-alcoholic extracts of recipes 1 and 2 gave highest inhibitory activities at 0.5 mg/mL (69.25 ±1.30% and 68.28 ±2.78% respectively). Conclusion: This study documented the medicinal plants and recipes used in Ile-Ife for managing sickle cell disease, and validated the ethno-medicinal claim of two recipes.
{"title":"ETHNO MEDICINAL SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF TWO RECIPES USED IN MANAGING SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN ILE-IFE COMMUNITY OF OSUN-STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"M. Cyril-Olutayo, D. Ajayi, O. O. Odunowo","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v17i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v17i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ethno-medicinal survey of herbal recipes used in managing sickle cell disease in Ile-Ife, Osun-State, Nigeria was carried out and two recipes selected for antisickling studies. Materials and Methods: Information was obtained using semi-structured questionnaires and open interview from respondents consisting of herb sellers, traditional medical practitioners, artisans and traders in two local government areas of Ife. Two recipes from the survey were selected for antisickling studies. Aqueous extract of each recipe was obtained by boiling the constituents in water for 1 h while the hydro ethanolic extracts were obtained by maceration in 70% ethanol for 72 h. Inhibitory and reversal antisickling properties were assessed using sodium metabisulphite as deoxygenating agent, vanillic acid (inhibitory agent), para-hydroxybenzoic (reversal agent) acid as positive controls while phosphate buffered saline was employed as negative control. Results: Fifty four recipes comprising forty six plants were obtained from the ethno-medicinal survey. The respondents comprised of 44% men and 56% women. The most frequently and commonly used plants belong to family Fabaceae. The inhibitory and reversal activities of the aqueous extract of recipe 1 (81.37± 1.09%, 88.56 ±1.38% respectively) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than recipe 2 (78.51 ± 0.78% inhibition and 79.8 ± 2.16% reversal) at same concentration. The hydro-alcoholic extracts of recipes 1 and 2 gave highest inhibitory activities at 0.5 mg/mL (69.25 ±1.30% and 68.28 ±2.78% respectively). Conclusion: This study documented the medicinal plants and recipes used in Ile-Ife for managing sickle cell disease, and validated the ethno-medicinal claim of two recipes.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73282443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-20DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.3.
M. Abdallah, Muskhazli Mustafa, M. Nallappan, R. Go
{"title":"ETHNOBOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED PLANTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL AILMENTS IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"M. Abdallah, Muskhazli Mustafa, M. Nallappan, R. Go","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.3.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.3.","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86895827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a large family of enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which, due to spiky projections on their surfaces, have crown-like appearance when viewed under the electron microscope. They are divided into four genera, namely, alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-coronaviruses. These viruses, in general, can infect different types of animals as well as humans causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous system diseases (Huang et al, 2020). Prior to the recent CoV disease outbreak, six species of the viruses that infect humans were known, prominent among which are Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV). The other four species (229E, HKU1, OC43, NL63 ) usually cause common cold symptoms (Rothana and Byrared, 2020). Thus, they are pathogens with the human respiratory system as their primary target. Coronaviruses have peculiarity in the sense that they have large genetic diversity and their genomes frequently undergo recombination or mutation. These characteristics result in the periodic emergence of new strains of the virus that have different virulence characteristics. In December 2019, the appearance of a novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China. This new CoV, just like the earlier known SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, is zoonotic and belongs to the genus beta-coronavirus. It was identified and called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2), and also named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (abbreviated COVID19) by World Health Organization (WHO). The symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV-2 include fever, cough, fatigue, dyspnea, runny nose, other upper respiratory symptoms and pneumonia, and these symptoms manifest after an incubation period which ranges from 2 to 14 days. The disease is asymptomatic in many people, mild to moderate in most cases, while it may be severe in the elderly and those with comorbidities resulting in severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. The virus is more contagious and spreads faster than its predecessors (SARS-CoA and MERS-CoA) and its fatality rate has been estimated to range from 2 to 5% (Huang et al, 2020; Rothan and Byrared, 2020).
冠状病毒(cov)是包膜阳性单链RNA病毒的一个大家族，由于其表面有尖刺状突起，在电子显微镜下观察时呈冠状外观。它们分为四属，即α -冠状病毒、β -冠状病毒、γ -冠状病毒和δ冠状病毒。一般来说，这些病毒可以感染不同类型的动物和人类，引起呼吸道、胃肠道和神经系统疾病(Huang et al .， 2020)。在最近的冠状病毒疾病暴发之前，已知六种感染人类的病毒，其中主要是严重急性呼吸综合征-冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)和中东呼吸综合征-冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)。其他四种(229E、HKU1、OC43、NL63)通常会引起普通感冒症状(Rothana和Byrared, 2020)。因此，它们是以人类呼吸系统为主要目标的病原体。冠状病毒具有独特性，因为它们具有很大的遗传多样性，它们的基因组经常发生重组或突变。这些特征导致具有不同毒力特征的病毒新毒株的周期性出现。2019年12月，中国湖北省武汉市报告出现了一种新型冠状病毒。与早期已知的SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV一样，这种新型冠状病毒是人畜共患的，属于β -冠状病毒属。世界卫生组织将其确定为冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2)，并将其命名为冠状病毒病2019(简称covid - 19)。SARS-CoV-2患者的症状包括发烧、咳嗽、疲劳、呼吸困难、流鼻涕、其他上呼吸道症状和肺炎，这些症状在2至14天的潜伏期后出现。该病在许多人中无症状，在大多数情况下为轻度至中度，而在老年人和伴有严重肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和多器官功能障碍的合并症患者中，该病可能是严重的。该病毒比其前身(SARS-CoA和MERS-CoA)更具传染性，传播速度更快，其致死率估计在2%至5%之间(Huang等人，2020;Rothan and Byrared, 2020)。
{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID - 19) – IS THERE A ROLE FOR COMPLEMENTARY AND HERBAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS?","authors":"C. Onyeji","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a large family of enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which, due to spiky projections on their surfaces, have crown-like appearance when viewed under the electron microscope. They are divided into four genera, namely, alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-coronaviruses. These viruses, in general, can infect different types of animals as well as humans causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous system diseases (Huang et al, 2020). Prior to the recent CoV disease outbreak, six species of the viruses that infect humans were known, prominent among which are Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV). The other four species (229E, HKU1, OC43, NL63 ) usually cause common cold symptoms (Rothana and Byrared, 2020). Thus, they are pathogens with the human respiratory system as their primary target. Coronaviruses have peculiarity in the sense that they have large genetic diversity and their genomes frequently undergo recombination or mutation. These characteristics result in the periodic emergence of new strains of the virus that have different virulence characteristics. In December 2019, the appearance of a novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China. This new CoV, just like the earlier known SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, is zoonotic and belongs to the genus beta-coronavirus. It was identified and called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2), and also named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (abbreviated COVID19) by World Health Organization (WHO). The symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV-2 include fever, cough, fatigue, dyspnea, runny nose, other upper respiratory symptoms and pneumonia, and these symptoms manifest after an incubation period which ranges from 2 to 14 days. The disease is asymptomatic in many people, mild to moderate in most cases, while it may be severe in the elderly and those with comorbidities resulting in severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. The virus is more contagious and spreads faster than its predecessors (SARS-CoA and MERS-CoA) and its fatality rate has been estimated to range from 2 to 5% (Huang et al, 2020; Rothan and Byrared, 2020).","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74621785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdallah, Muskhazli Mustafa, A. Meenakshii, P. Nallappan, R. Go
Background: Rural and urban people in Nigeria made use of medicinal plants as their curative measures, based on their ancient belief that propounded the authenticity of these plants in treating ailments. Materials and methods: Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires across the study area (3senatorial districts),The collected plant species were authenticated and given voucher numbers, and the demographic data was subjected to Chi-square (x2) comparisons using SPSS version 22. Results: The major family among the surveyed plants, were Fabaceae (dominant), followed by Anacardiaceae and Combretaceae. Moreover, out of 97 respondents, 81 were male (83.5%) and 16 were female (16.5%). It was observed that respondents that were 41-50 years were many into practice ( p = 0.13. The majority of the respondents as compared using chi-square across the parameters, were illiterates (p = 0.06), and very few had a formal training or exposed to workshops (p = 0.02), while the majority inherited and utilized herbal medicine practice as their main sources of income (p = 0.04). The fidelity levels ranged as follows: For diarrhea (18.5% -100%), dysentery (11.11- 45%), pile (11.11 – 50%) and, ulcer covered 9.1% -100%. The ailments were in the range of 0.69 – 0.75 factors of informant consensus. Plant species with RFC values of 0.34, 0.27 and 0.21 as well as those with 0.1, were regarded to have the highest RFC values. Conclusion: Information collected were mainly on cases of gastrointestinal ailments and first of its kind on the use of medicinal plants in Yobe State, Nigeria.
{"title":"ETHNOBOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED PLANTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL AILMENTS IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA.","authors":"M. Abdallah, Muskhazli Mustafa, A. Meenakshii, P. Nallappan, R. Go","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rural and urban people in Nigeria made use of medicinal plants as their curative measures, based on their ancient belief that propounded the authenticity of these plants in treating ailments. \u0000Materials and methods: Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires across the study area (3senatorial districts),The collected plant species were authenticated and given voucher numbers, and the demographic data was subjected to Chi-square (x2) comparisons using SPSS version 22. \u0000Results: The major family among the surveyed plants, were Fabaceae (dominant), followed by Anacardiaceae and Combretaceae. Moreover, out of 97 respondents, 81 were male (83.5%) and 16 were female (16.5%). It was observed that respondents that were 41-50 years were many into practice ( p = 0.13. The majority of the respondents as compared using chi-square across the parameters, were illiterates (p = 0.06), and very few had a formal training or exposed to workshops (p = 0.02), while the majority inherited and utilized herbal medicine practice as their main sources of income (p = 0.04). The fidelity levels ranged as follows: For diarrhea (18.5% -100%), dysentery (11.11- 45%), pile (11.11 – 50%) and, ulcer covered 9.1% -100%. The ailments were in the range of 0.69 – 0.75 factors of informant consensus. Plant species with RFC values of 0.34, 0.27 and 0.21 as well as those with 0.1, were regarded to have the highest RFC values. \u0000Conclusion: Information collected were mainly on cases of gastrointestinal ailments and first of its kind on the use of medicinal plants in Yobe State, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85551233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study utilized 4:1 combination ratio of Carica papaya fruit mesocarp and Sorghum bicolor leaf fermented extract freeze-dried and named Siculine extractive (SE) as the active principle to develop Siculine syrup as an herbal formulation with potent antisickling properties. Materials and Methods: In-vitro antisickling (inhibitory or reversal) activities of test (SE) and control samples were determined on sodium metabisulphite-induced sickled red blood cells collected from confirmed non-crisis sickle cell patients. Particulate, pH and microbiological qualities of SE were determined toward its use in formulation. The activities of SE aqueous dispersion (1-6 mg/ml) and of the formulated Siculine syrup® were evaluated using buffered normal saline (negative control), vanillic acid, parahydroxy benzoic acid (PHBA) and Ciklavit® (an herbal antisickling commercial product), as positive controls. Results: The processed plant materials yielded 17.7±1.4 %w/w of water-insoluble, amber coloured particles (27.4 – 274.0 μm size range) of SE powder with microbiological quality suitable for oral liquid formulation. SE aqueous dispersion, neutral in pH, demonstrated concentration-related sickling inhibitory and reversal activities. The 5.0 mg/ml aqueous dispersion exhibited optimum antisickling potential namely, 80 % inhibitory and 66 % reversal effects, which were statistically equivalent to activities of the Siculine syrup® formulation, reference Ciklavit®, and 4.0-6.0 mg/ml PHBA’s reversal activity, but higher than the inhibitory activity of 4.0-6.0 mg/ml vanillic acid. Conclusion: Siculine syrup® formulation containing 10, 2, 0.5, and 0.25 %w/v of sucrose, tragacanth, SE, and parabens, respectively, demonstrated optimal physicochemical and microbiological stability properties with strong antisickling activities comparable to those of Ciklavit®.
{"title":"PHARMACEUTICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION OF SICULINE SYRUP® FORMULATION, AN ANTISICKLING HERBAL MEDICINE","authors":"A. O. Oyedele, A. Elujoba, U. I. Olayemi","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study utilized 4:1 combination ratio of Carica papaya fruit mesocarp and Sorghum bicolor leaf fermented extract freeze-dried and named Siculine extractive (SE) as the active principle to develop Siculine syrup as an herbal formulation with potent antisickling properties. \u0000Materials and Methods: In-vitro antisickling (inhibitory or reversal) activities of test (SE) and control samples were determined on sodium metabisulphite-induced sickled red blood cells collected from confirmed non-crisis sickle cell patients. Particulate, pH and microbiological qualities of SE were determined toward its use in formulation. \u0000The activities of SE aqueous dispersion (1-6 mg/ml) and of the formulated Siculine syrup® were evaluated using buffered normal saline (negative control), vanillic acid, parahydroxy benzoic acid (PHBA) and Ciklavit® (an herbal antisickling commercial product), as positive controls. \u0000 Results: The processed plant materials yielded 17.7±1.4 %w/w of water-insoluble, amber coloured particles (27.4 – 274.0 μm size range) of SE powder with microbiological quality suitable for oral liquid formulation. SE aqueous dispersion, neutral in pH, demonstrated concentration-related sickling inhibitory and reversal activities. The 5.0 mg/ml aqueous dispersion exhibited optimum antisickling potential namely, 80 % inhibitory and 66 % reversal effects, which were statistically equivalent to activities of the Siculine syrup® formulation, reference Ciklavit®, and 4.0-6.0 mg/ml PHBA’s reversal activity, but higher than the inhibitory activity of 4.0-6.0 mg/ml vanillic acid. \u0000Conclusion: Siculine syrup® formulation containing 10, 2, 0.5, and 0.25 %w/v of sucrose, tragacanth, SE, and parabens, respectively, demonstrated optimal physicochemical and microbiological stability properties with strong antisickling activities comparable to those of Ciklavit®.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86685472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassan Y. Ebrahim, Shaimaa Osman, Hesham Haffez, Z. Hassan
Background: Natural products have been shown to be reliable sources of anticancer medicines although there is still a consistent demand for new therapeutic natural products for cancer treatment with minimal side-effects.Materials and Methods: In this study, six plant extracts (Grevillea robusta; Euphorbia millii; Euphorbia royleana; Aloe grandidentata; Bauhinia corniculate; and Cassia fistula) were screened for the presence of phytochemical metabolites as saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and sterols, using qualitative tests. Antiproliferative screening assay was performed on a panel of three cancer cell-lines (HepG-2, HCT-116 and MCF-7) using MTT assay, and cytotoxicity was determined using WI-38 human fibroblast cell- line.Results: Some plant extracts reduced cellular growth for the selected cancerous cell-lines. For example, E. royleana and A. grandidentata extracts reduced HepG-2 cellular growth with IC50 of 0.42 and 0.53μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, A. grandidentata and C. fistula reduced cellular growth of MCF-7 with IC50 of 0.37 and 0.67 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: E. royleana, A. grandidentata and C. fistula showed significant anti-proliferative activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell-lines with non-cytotoxic nature. This suggests their potential role as anticancer agents against these types of cancer. The presence of flavonoids, sterols and anthraquinones may suggest their enhanced anti-proliferative activities. Therefore, this study has shed light on the possible use of these extracts as potential sources of natural products-based therapy for cancer.
{"title":"IN-VITRO SCREENING OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS FOR THEIR POTENTIAL ANTICANCER ACTIVITY","authors":"Hassan Y. Ebrahim, Shaimaa Osman, Hesham Haffez, Z. Hassan","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v17i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Natural products have been shown to be reliable sources of anticancer medicines although there is still a consistent demand for new therapeutic natural products for cancer treatment with minimal side-effects.Materials and Methods: In this study, six plant extracts (Grevillea robusta; Euphorbia millii; Euphorbia royleana; Aloe grandidentata; Bauhinia corniculate; and Cassia fistula) were screened for the presence of phytochemical metabolites as saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and sterols, using qualitative tests. Antiproliferative screening assay was performed on a panel of three cancer cell-lines (HepG-2, HCT-116 and MCF-7) using MTT assay, and cytotoxicity was determined using WI-38 human fibroblast cell- line.Results: Some plant extracts reduced cellular growth for the selected cancerous cell-lines. For example, E. royleana and A. grandidentata extracts reduced HepG-2 cellular growth with IC50 of 0.42 and 0.53μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, A. grandidentata and C. fistula reduced cellular growth of MCF-7 with IC50 of 0.37 and 0.67 μg/mL, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: E. royleana, A. grandidentata and C. fistula showed significant anti-proliferative activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell-lines with non-cytotoxic nature. This suggests their potential role as anticancer agents against these types of cancer. The presence of flavonoids, sterols and anthraquinones may suggest their enhanced anti-proliferative activities. Therefore, this study has shed light on the possible use of these extracts as potential sources of natural products-based therapy for cancer.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82291690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Drioiche, N. Benhlima, S. Kharchouf, F. E. Makhoukhi, S. Mehanned, Imad Adadi, Hicham Aaziz, Ferdinand Kouoh Elombo, B. Gressier, B. Eto, T. Zair
Background: Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin (HS), is commonly used by traditional healers in Morocco against microbial and fungal infections. We studied antimicrobial, antifungal and antiradical effects of organic extracts in vitro in order to confirm traditional utilization after phytochemical screening. Materials and methods: Aerial parts of HS have been extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type apparatus, and the chemical composition was realized by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity has been evaluated using DPPH test, while the antimicrobial tests of HS extract were conducted on twenty-eight bacterial strains and antifungal on twelve fungal strains. Results: Chemical characterization of HS essential oils (EO) confirmed the presence of carvacrol (82,28%), p-cymene (2,52%), γ-terpinene (2,18%) and Z-caryophyllene (2,04%). Antimicrobial tests of HS extract showed a moderate antibacterial activity without antifungal effect. In addition, HS exhibited a very powerful antiradical activity with IC50 = 1,2 mg/ml compared to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0,5 mg/mL) and butylated hydroxyanisole (0,8 mg/mL). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that HS directly inhibits the growth of microorganisms in vitro, and further validates its traditional use as an antiseptic by traditional Moroccan healers.
{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIRADICAL PROPERTIES OF HAMMADA SCOPARIA (POMEL) ILJIN","authors":"A. Drioiche, N. Benhlima, S. Kharchouf, F. E. Makhoukhi, S. Mehanned, Imad Adadi, Hicham Aaziz, Ferdinand Kouoh Elombo, B. Gressier, B. Eto, T. Zair","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v16n2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v16n2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin (HS), is commonly used by traditional healers in Morocco against microbial and fungal infections. We studied antimicrobial, antifungal and antiradical effects of organic extracts in vitro in order to confirm traditional utilization after phytochemical screening. \u0000Materials and methods: Aerial parts of HS have been extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type apparatus, and the chemical composition was realized by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity has been evaluated using DPPH test, while the antimicrobial tests of HS extract were conducted on twenty-eight bacterial strains and antifungal on twelve fungal strains. \u0000Results: Chemical characterization of HS essential oils (EO) confirmed the presence of carvacrol (82,28%), p-cymene (2,52%), γ-terpinene (2,18%) and Z-caryophyllene (2,04%). Antimicrobial tests of HS extract showed a moderate antibacterial activity without antifungal effect. In addition, HS exhibited a very powerful antiradical activity with IC50 = 1,2 mg/ml compared to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0,5 mg/mL) and butylated hydroxyanisole (0,8 mg/mL). \u0000Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that HS directly inhibits the growth of microorganisms in vitro, and further validates its traditional use as an antiseptic by traditional Moroccan healers.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81587187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marion Amujal, K. Ikwap, A. Tamale, Gabriel Tumwine, J. Kateregga, S. Wamala, C. Kato
Background: The use of nevirapine in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections is greatly limited by its fatal hepatotoxicity. In sub-Saharan African, traditional medicine involving use of plant materials has been proposed to counteract liver damage, albeit with no scientific evidence. The aim of the present study was to determine the hepatoprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against nevirapine induced hepatic oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Five groups of rats received a daily oral dose of 36mg/kg nevirapine for 4 consecutive weeks. After 15 minutes, rats in three of the groups were given 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil extract. The positive control group received nevirapine and 200mg/kg of silymarin while the normal control group received only 2ml of distilled water. Blood was used to determine the levels of liver function parameters and liver sections were used for histological studies. Results: The results revealed that oral administration of nevirapine (36mg/kg b.w. p.o) for 4 weeks significantly (P
{"title":"HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST NEVIRAPINE-INDUCED HEPATIC DAMAGE IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS","authors":"Marion Amujal, K. Ikwap, A. Tamale, Gabriel Tumwine, J. Kateregga, S. Wamala, C. Kato","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V15I4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V15I4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of nevirapine in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections is greatly \u0000limited by its fatal hepatotoxicity. In sub-Saharan African, traditional medicine involving use of plant materials has been \u0000proposed to counteract liver damage, albeit with no scientific evidence. The aim of the present study was to determine the \u0000hepatoprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against nevirapine induced hepatic oxidative damage in \u0000Wistar albino rats. \u0000Materials and Methods: Five groups of rats received a daily oral dose of 36mg/kg nevirapine for 4 consecutive weeks. \u0000After 15 minutes, rats in three of the groups were given 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of Cymbopogon citratus \u0000essential oil extract. The positive control group received nevirapine and 200mg/kg of silymarin while the normal control \u0000group received only 2ml of distilled water. Blood was used to determine the levels of liver function parameters and liver \u0000sections were used for histological studies. \u0000Results: The results revealed that oral administration of nevirapine (36mg/kg b.w. p.o) for 4 weeks significantly (P","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"2675 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82265025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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