Achukwu Peter U, Ufelle Silas A, Unyekwelu Kenechukwu C, Amadi Millicent N, Achukwu Ngozika O, Amadi Francis N
{"title":"EFFECTS OF STEM-BARK EXTRACT OF OKOUBAKA AUBREVILLIE ON SOME VISCERAL ORGANS OF WISTAR RATS","authors":"Achukwu Peter U, Ufelle Silas A, Unyekwelu Kenechukwu C, Amadi Millicent N, Achukwu Ngozika O, Amadi Francis N","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v15i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v15i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74878160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekanem E. Ephraim, Ituen Aniema, Ezeh O. Charles, Okorie Pamela, Uzoigwe Jide, Ugwu Princewill, Iyare E. Eghosa
{"title":"). EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA AND AZADIRACHTA INIDCA PRENATALLY AND POSTNATALLY ON MILK CREAMATOCRIT AND EARLY GROWTH OF OFFSPRING","authors":"Ekanem E. Ephraim, Ituen Aniema, Ezeh O. Charles, Okorie Pamela, Uzoigwe Jide, Ugwu Princewill, Iyare E. Eghosa","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v15i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v15i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84697214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":") QUANTIFICATION OF XYLOPIC ACID AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC FINGERPRINT EVALUATIONS OF THE DRIED FRUITS OF XYLOPIA AETHIOPICA FROM FOUR AFRICAN COUNTRIES","authors":"Raphael N. Alolga, A. G. Assanhou, Vitus Onoja","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v15i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v15i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72875980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Plants have been used as a folkloric source of medicinal agents since the beginning of mankind. The genus Hypoestes (family Acanthaceae) includes over 150 species. The ethno-pharmacological studies of the plant belonging to this genus indicated that they possess various bioactivities as cytotoxic, anti-leismanial, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anti-trypanosomal. Furthermore, they have been utilized in different traditional medicines for treating various aliments as eye sores, breast, liver, heart, and skin diseases, respiratory infections, anemia, malaria, scabies, typhoid, hypertension, and gonorrhea. This review focuses on the traditional uses, chemical constituents, and bioactivities of Hypoestes species. Methods: The information was acquired from a literature searching in electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google-Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Wiley up to 2017 for publications on genus Hypoestes. Results: The genus Hypoestes had varied classes of chemical constituents, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, lignans, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Herein, 46 metabolites and more than 30 references have been cited. Conclusion: This works provides a background for the future studies on Hypoestes species, particularly the species, which have not been extensively explored for separation and characterization of bioactive constituents and pharmacological potentials.
{"title":"A review of traditional uses, phytochemicals and bioactivities of the Genus hypoestes","authors":"Rwaida A. Al Haidari","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plants have been used as a folkloric source of medicinal agents since the beginning of mankind. The genus Hypoestes (family Acanthaceae) includes over 150 species. The ethno-pharmacological studies of the plant belonging to this genus indicated that they possess various bioactivities as cytotoxic, anti-leismanial, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anti-trypanosomal. Furthermore, they have been utilized in different traditional medicines for treating various aliments as eye sores, breast, liver, heart, and skin diseases, respiratory infections, anemia, malaria, scabies, typhoid, hypertension, and gonorrhea. This review focuses on the traditional uses, chemical constituents, and bioactivities of Hypoestes species. \u0000Methods: The information was acquired from a literature searching in electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google-Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Wiley up to 2017 for publications on genus Hypoestes. \u0000Results: The genus Hypoestes had varied classes of chemical constituents, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, lignans, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Herein, 46 metabolites and more than 30 references have been cited. \u0000Conclusion: This works provides a background for the future studies on Hypoestes species, particularly the species, which have not been extensively explored for separation and characterization of bioactive constituents and pharmacological potentials.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83361489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Ageing is the major risk factor for most non-communicable diseases. It occurs as a result of free radical damage to macromolecules in the cell, coupled with environmental stress assaults. In the quest to identify new anti-ageing bioactive compounds from natural products, and despite the therapeutic values of Ananas sativa, its anti-ageing activity has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the crude, methanol fruit extract of Ananas sativa (MEAS) and its fractions, for anti-ageing bioactivity in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster w1118 wild type flies. Materials and Methods: Flies reared on food supplemented with 5, 10, and 20mg/ml fruit pulp and juice extract were assayed for longevity, fertility and stress resistance according to established protocols. Phytochemical composition and scavenging activity of extract on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) were equally evaluated. The crude extract anti-ageing activity was assayed through a successive bioassay-guided fractionation approach, with different extraction solvents; n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Acetone. Results: There was a dose-dependent effect of the fruit extract on lifespan, fertility and oxidative stress resistance, with a unique information on the anti-ageing bioactivity of Ananas sativa. The IC50 values of the fruit extract and Ascorbic acid positive control in the free radical scavenging activity were 248.15μg/ml and 81.51μg/ml respectively. However, the bioactive fraction obtained from the Ethylacetate fraction F1, did not exhibit oxidative stress resistant effect in the model organism. Conclusion: The methanol fruit extract of Ananas sativa possesses anti-ageing bioactivity through oxidative stress resistance.
{"title":"ANANAS SATIVA INCREASES LONGEVITY THROUGH OXIDATIVE STRESS RESISTANCE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER","authors":"M. O. Ajagun-Ogunleye","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ageing is the major risk factor for most non-communicable diseases. It occurs as a result of free radical damage to macromolecules in the cell, coupled with environmental stress assaults. In the quest to identify new anti-ageing bioactive compounds from natural products, and despite the therapeutic values of Ananas sativa, its anti-ageing activity has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the crude, methanol fruit extract of Ananas sativa (MEAS) and its fractions, for anti-ageing bioactivity in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster w1118 wild type flies. \u0000Materials and Methods: Flies reared on food supplemented with 5, 10, and 20mg/ml fruit pulp and juice extract were assayed for longevity, fertility and stress resistance according to established protocols. Phytochemical composition and scavenging activity of extract on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) were equally evaluated. The crude extract anti-ageing activity was assayed through a successive bioassay-guided fractionation approach, with different extraction solvents; n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Acetone. \u0000Results: There was a dose-dependent effect of the fruit extract on lifespan, fertility and oxidative stress resistance, with a unique information on the anti-ageing bioactivity of Ananas sativa. The IC50 values of the fruit extract and Ascorbic acid positive control in the free radical scavenging activity were 248.15μg/ml and 81.51μg/ml respectively. However, the bioactive fraction obtained from the Ethylacetate fraction F1, did not exhibit oxidative stress resistant effect in the model organism. \u0000Conclusion: The methanol fruit extract of Ananas sativa possesses anti-ageing bioactivity through oxidative stress resistance.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74492027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dunal) A. Rich, (herein called XYA), family Annonaceae, commonly known as “Guinea pepper”, “Ethiopian pepper” or “Negro pepper”, are widely used in traditional African medicines to treat a wide array of diseases including malaria, fungal infections, rheumatism, arthritis, etc. Scientific investigations have ascribed the following activities to the fruits of XYA; anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, analgesic, anti-nociceptive, anti-proliferative, spermatogenic and neuropharmacological effects. The main active principle reported is xylopic acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple HPLC/UV (high performance liquid chromatography – ultraviolet detection) analytical method for the quantification of XA that can be reproduced in poor-resource settings where advanced analytical detection techniques such as HPLC-MS are unavailable. Materials and Methods: Thus in this study, a simple C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column-pretreatment ─ HPLC/UV analytical procedure was developed for the quantification of XA in the dried fruits of XYA from four African countries, Benin, Cameroon, Ghana and Nigeria. The samples of XYA from the four countries were assessed for similarities using chromatographic fingerprinting. Results: The HPLC method was validated for linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision and accuracy. The samples of XYA from Cameroon were found to have the highest average content of XA while those from Benin had the lowest average content of XA. Conclusion: Using the chromatographic fingerprint evaluation, the similarities of the samples from the four countries to the reference chromatogram was in the order: Benin > Cameroon > Nigeria > Ghana. Key words: Xylopia aethiopica, xylopic acid, C18
{"title":"QUANTIFICATION OF XYLOPIC ACID AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC FINGERPRINT EVALUATIONS OF THE DRIED FRUITS OF XYLOPIA AETHIOPICA FROM FOUR AFRICAN COUNTRIES","authors":"Raphael N. Alolga, A. G. Assanhou, Vitus Onoja","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Dunal) A. Rich, (herein called XYA), family Annonaceae, commonly known as “Guinea pepper”, “Ethiopian pepper” or “Negro pepper”, are widely used in traditional African medicines to treat a wide array of diseases including malaria, fungal infections, rheumatism, arthritis, etc. Scientific investigations have ascribed the following activities to the fruits of XYA; anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, analgesic, anti-nociceptive, anti-proliferative, spermatogenic and neuropharmacological effects. The main active principle reported is xylopic acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple HPLC/UV (high performance liquid chromatography – ultraviolet detection) analytical method for the quantification of XA that can be reproduced in poor-resource settings where advanced analytical detection techniques such as HPLC-MS are unavailable. \u0000Materials and Methods: Thus in this study, a simple C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column-pretreatment ─ HPLC/UV analytical procedure was developed for the quantification of XA in the dried fruits of XYA from four African countries, Benin, Cameroon, Ghana and Nigeria. The samples of XYA from the four countries were assessed for similarities using chromatographic fingerprinting. \u0000Results: The HPLC method was validated for linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision and accuracy. The samples of XYA from Cameroon were found to have the highest average content of XA while those from Benin had the lowest average content of XA. \u0000Conclusion: Using the chromatographic fingerprint evaluation, the similarities of the samples from the four countries to the reference chromatogram was in the order: Benin > Cameroon > Nigeria > Ghana. \u0000Key words: Xylopia aethiopica, xylopic acid, C18","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74641142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling Wang, H. Lv, G. Xie, F. Su, X. Geng, S. Hao, Zhengcheng Zhang
Background: Stroke has been considered as the second leading cause of death worldwide. The survivors of stroke experience different level of impair brain function. In China, Chinese traditional medicine had been widely accepted for stroke therapy and prevention. In this study, we developed Traditional Chinese Medicine based Xinnaoning (peace of heart and brain) Tablet and tested its protective role for ischemic stroke in rat model. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=60) with 12 weeks old and weight from 180 to 200 gram were randomly divided to five groups (n=12). For the groups with Xinaoning administration, the drug was administrated to rats once per day for 7 consecutive days. The blood clotting time and the thrombus wet weight was measured. Serum samples were collected from each rat for further Measurement of biochemical indicators. Results: Our results demonstrated that Xinnaoning tablet reduced lactate acid (LD) level and increased lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) in cerebral ischemia model as well as reduced the infarct size caused by stroke. Besides, evaluation of the level of different ATPases suggested Xinnaoning tablet could modulate ATPases activity and confer a protective role in brain. Moreover, analysis indicated Xinnaoning tablet have the anti-coagulation effect in vivo which may contribute to the protection of ischemia. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Xinnaoning tablet may be a potential way for cerebral ischemia prevention.
{"title":"PROTECTIVE ROLE OF XINNAONING TABLET IN ISCHEMIC STROKE IN RAT MODEL","authors":"Ling Wang, H. Lv, G. Xie, F. Su, X. Geng, S. Hao, Zhengcheng Zhang","doi":"10.21010/ajtcamv15i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcamv15i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke has been considered as the second leading cause of death worldwide. The survivors of stroke experience different level of impair brain function. In China, Chinese traditional medicine had been widely accepted for stroke therapy and prevention. In this study, we developed Traditional Chinese Medicine based Xinnaoning (peace of heart and brain) Tablet and tested its protective role for ischemic stroke in rat model. \u0000Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=60) with 12 weeks old and weight from 180 to 200 gram were randomly divided to five groups (n=12). For the groups with Xinaoning administration, the drug was administrated to rats once per day for 7 consecutive days. The blood clotting time and the thrombus wet weight was measured. Serum samples were collected from each rat for further Measurement of biochemical indicators. \u0000Results: Our results demonstrated that Xinnaoning tablet reduced lactate acid (LD) level and increased lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) in cerebral ischemia model as well as reduced the infarct size caused by stroke. Besides, evaluation of the level of different ATPases suggested Xinnaoning tablet could modulate ATPases activity and confer a protective role in brain. Moreover, analysis indicated Xinnaoning tablet have the anti-coagulation effect in vivo which may contribute to the protection of ischemia. \u0000Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Xinnaoning tablet may be a potential way for cerebral ischemia prevention.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84791519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: B. abyssinica is a succulent member of the genus Bulbine (Asphodelaceae). It occurs from the Eastern Cape, through Swaziland and further north to Ethiopia. The species is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, dysentery, bilharzia, cracked lips and diabetes. The tea leaf is used to treat cough, vaginal and bladder problems. Whereas B. abyssinica has ethno medicinal value, not much data concerning its phytonutrient, macro and micro element composition can be found in literature. Materials and Methods: Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the nutritional quantitative composition of the plant using standard procedures. Results: The proximate analysis revealed the carbohydrate, crude fibre, moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat contents as 74.8%, 8.9%, 8.8%, 8%, 7.7% and 0.6%, respectively. The species showed high levels of oxalates and phytic acids, moderate levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and phenols, while tannins were in low levels. Vitamin A, C and E contents were 12, 12.3 and 22.1 mg/100g, respectively. Amongst the mineral elements investigated, potassium and calcium were in high levels. Magnesium, iron, sodium, aluminium and phosphorus were moderately present, while manganese, zinc and copper where in low amounts. These vitamins and mineral elements were within their recommended daily allowance in humans. Conclusion: The amount of these phytochemicals suggests the plant can serve as nutritional supplements which are vital in maintaining good health status. These findings also suggest the potential role of B. abyssinica in the treatment of infections and some chronic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"MINERAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE ANALYSIS OF BULBINE ABYSSINICA A. RICH. USED IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA","authors":"C. Kibiti, A. Afolayan","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: B. abyssinica is a succulent member of the genus Bulbine (Asphodelaceae). It occurs from the Eastern Cape, through Swaziland and further north to Ethiopia. The species is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, dysentery, bilharzia, cracked lips and diabetes. The tea leaf is used to treat cough, vaginal and bladder problems. Whereas B. abyssinica has ethno medicinal value, not much data concerning its phytonutrient, macro and micro element composition can be found in literature. \u0000Materials and Methods: Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the nutritional quantitative composition of the plant using standard procedures. \u0000Results: The proximate analysis revealed the carbohydrate, crude fibre, moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat contents as 74.8%, 8.9%, 8.8%, 8%, 7.7% and 0.6%, respectively. The species showed high levels of oxalates and phytic acids, moderate levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and phenols, while tannins were in low levels. Vitamin A, C and E contents were 12, 12.3 and 22.1 mg/100g, respectively. Amongst the mineral elements investigated, potassium and calcium were in high levels. Magnesium, iron, sodium, aluminium and phosphorus were moderately present, while manganese, zinc and copper where in low amounts. These vitamins and mineral elements were within their recommended daily allowance in humans. \u0000Conclusion: The amount of these phytochemicals suggests the plant can serve as nutritional supplements which are vital in maintaining good health status. These findings also suggest the potential role of B. abyssinica in the treatment of infections and some chronic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84128377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Plants have been used as a folkloric source of medicinal agents since the beginning of mankind. The genus Hypoestes (family Acanthaceae) includes over 150 species. The ethno-pharmacological studies of the plant belonging to this genus indicated that they possess various bioactivities as cytotoxic, anti-leismanial, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anti-trypanosomal. Furthermore, they have been utilized in different traditional medicines for treating various aliments as eye sores, breast, liver, heart, and skin diseases, respiratory infections, anemia, malaria, scabies, typhoid, hypertension, and gonorrhea. This review focuses on the traditional uses, chemical constituents, and bioactivities of Hypoestes species. Methods: The information was acquired from a literature searching in electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google-Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Wiley up to 2017 for publications on genus Hypoestes. Results: The genus Hypoestes had varied classes of chemical constituents, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, lignans, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Herein, 46 metabolites and more than 30 references have been cited. Conclusion: This works provides a background for the future studies on Hypoestes species, particularly the species, which have not been extensively explored for separation and characterization of bioactive constituents and pharmacological potentials.
{"title":"A REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMICALS AND BIOACTIVITIES OF THE GENUS HYPOESTES.","authors":"Rwaida A Al Haidari","doi":"10.21010/ajtcam.v15i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v15i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plants have been used as a folkloric source of medicinal agents since the beginning of mankind. The genus Hypoestes (family Acanthaceae) includes over 150 species. The ethno-pharmacological studies of the plant belonging to this genus indicated that they possess various bioactivities as cytotoxic, anti-leismanial, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anti-trypanosomal. Furthermore, they have been utilized in different traditional medicines for treating various aliments as eye sores, breast, liver, heart, and skin diseases, respiratory infections, anemia, malaria, scabies, typhoid, hypertension, and gonorrhea. This review focuses on the traditional uses, chemical constituents, and bioactivities of Hypoestes species. \u0000Methods: The information was acquired from a literature searching in electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google-Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Wiley up to 2017 for publications on genus Hypoestes. \u0000Results: The genus Hypoestes had varied classes of chemical constituents, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, lignans, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Herein, 46 metabolites and more than 30 references have been cited. \u0000Conclusion: This works provides a background for the future studies on Hypoestes species, particularly the species, which have not been extensively explored for separation and characterization of bioactive constituents and pharmacological potentials.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88363208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekanem E. Ephraim, Ituen Aniema, Ezeh O. Charles, Okorie Pamela, Uzoigwe Jide, Ugwu Princewill, Iyare E. Eghosa
Background: Aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HS) and Azadirachta indica A. juss (AI) are widely used in Nigeria for medicinal purposes and have been shown to affect postnatal growth of offspring. Breast milk creamatocrit is a simple accurate inexpensive technique and useful measure of lipid and energy content of breast milk. No data has shown effects of these extracts on breast milk creamatocrit and early postnatal growth of offspring. This study was designed to investigate effects of HS and AI on breast milk creamatocrit and early postnatal growth of offspring. Materials and Methods: 40 pregnant rats weighing 150-200g were used for this study. They were divided into control, HS and AI groups. These groups were subdivided into two of low and high doses. Administration was by gavage and commenced on day 1 of pregnancy and ended on postnatal day 21. Litter weight and length were recorded at birth, postnatal days 7-21. Breast milk was collected from 4 dams in each group at postnatal days 7-21 for milk creamatocrit. Results: Results showed that aqueous extract of HS and AI caused progressive increase in milk creamatocrit during lactation. This increase peaked greatly in the third week of lactation. There was also a progressive increase in BMI of pups in extract treated group that became significantly greater at weaning. Conclusion: In conclusion, consumption of aqueous extracts of HS and AI during pregnancy and lactation may accelerate the postnatal growth of the offspring through mechanisms that may depend on increased breast milk creamatocrit.
{"title":"EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA AND AZADIRACHTA INIDCA PRENATALLY AND POSTNATALLY ON MILK CREAMATOCRIT AND EARLY GROWTH OF OFFSPRING","authors":"Ekanem E. Ephraim, Ituen Aniema, Ezeh O. Charles, Okorie Pamela, Uzoigwe Jide, Ugwu Princewill, Iyare E. Eghosa","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAMV15I3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HS) and Azadirachta indica A. juss (AI) are widely used in Nigeria for medicinal purposes and have been shown to affect postnatal growth of offspring. Breast milk creamatocrit is a simple accurate inexpensive technique and useful measure of lipid and energy content of breast milk. No data has shown effects of these extracts on breast milk creamatocrit and early postnatal growth of offspring. This study was designed to investigate effects of HS and AI on breast milk creamatocrit and early postnatal growth of offspring. \u0000Materials and Methods: 40 pregnant rats weighing 150-200g were used for this study. They were divided into control, HS and AI groups. These groups were subdivided into two of low and high doses. Administration was by gavage and commenced on day 1 of pregnancy and ended on postnatal day 21. Litter weight and length were recorded at birth, postnatal days 7-21. Breast milk was collected from 4 dams in each group at postnatal days 7-21 for milk creamatocrit. \u0000Results: Results showed that aqueous extract of HS and AI caused progressive increase in milk creamatocrit during lactation. This increase peaked greatly in the third week of lactation. There was also a progressive increase in BMI of pups in extract treated group that became significantly greater at weaning. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, consumption of aqueous extracts of HS and AI during pregnancy and lactation may accelerate the postnatal growth of the offspring through mechanisms that may depend on increased breast milk creamatocrit.","PeriodicalId":7408,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89548167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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