Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300072537
H. Sigerist
My dear Singer, Many thanks for your letter of the 15th April. You probably have also received the enclosed sheet about the Greek Tour. Since I apparently suggested it I shall have to join the group. I had thought that the tour would take place after the Rome meeting, but our American colleagues apparently must be back home by the end of September. If a sufficient number joins the group, which I very much doubt, I would not be able to meet you in Naples and I would regret it very much. $ 400 is a lot of money for two weeks even for Americans, and seems rather unlikely to me that a group of twenty will come together. A very nice hotel in Naples is Santa Lucia. It is on the waterfront and my daughter Nora and her husband 1 liked it very much. In Rome I asked for reservations at the Hotel Continental, it is not a particularly pleasant hotel but has a good central location. I quite agree with you about the subject of drugs. I of course shall have to discuss them and their preparation in my book, 2 but I cannot possibly devote too much space to them either. The policy you outline for your book is absolutely correct and as a matter of fact the only possible one. 3 My health is better than when I wrote you last time, I am on a strict reducing diet and have to take off twenty lbs. I am also taking Serpasil with good results. It is a drug that Ciba 4 is producing, and which actually is a very old drug[,] a glucoside extract from Rau-wolfia, a plant used in India for 2000 years. Maybe Dorothy [sic] should take it also, it lowers the blood pressure and is at the same time a sedative. You need not be vaccinated for smallpox, but inoculation for typhoid may be advisable as there is a good deal of typhoid in Naples and the whole of Southern Italy. I keep my immunisation up by having a shot every year when I go to WHO in Geneva. 5 On the other hand if you are a little careful, drink wine instead of water and avoid salads etc. you should be perfectly safe. I do not know if I ever wrote you that my daughter Erica got typhoid in Geneva a few …
{"title":"2. The Letters","authors":"H. Sigerist","doi":"10.1017/s0025727300072537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300072537","url":null,"abstract":"My dear Singer, Many thanks for your letter of the 15th April. You probably have also received the enclosed sheet about the Greek Tour. Since I apparently suggested it I shall have to join the group. I had thought that the tour would take place after the Rome meeting, but our American colleagues apparently must be back home by the end of September. If a sufficient number joins the group, which I very much doubt, I would not be able to meet you in Naples and I would regret it very much. $ 400 is a lot of money for two weeks even for Americans, and seems rather unlikely to me that a group of twenty will come together. A very nice hotel in Naples is Santa Lucia. It is on the waterfront and my daughter Nora and her husband 1 liked it very much. In Rome I asked for reservations at the Hotel Continental, it is not a particularly pleasant hotel but has a good central location. I quite agree with you about the subject of drugs. I of course shall have to discuss them and their preparation in my book, 2 but I cannot possibly devote too much space to them either. The policy you outline for your book is absolutely correct and as a matter of fact the only possible one. 3 My health is better than when I wrote you last time, I am on a strict reducing diet and have to take off twenty lbs. I am also taking Serpasil with good results. It is a drug that Ciba 4 is producing, and which actually is a very old drug[,] a glucoside extract from Rau-wolfia, a plant used in India for 2000 years. Maybe Dorothy [sic] should take it also, it lowers the blood pressure and is at the same time a sedative. You need not be vaccinated for smallpox, but inoculation for typhoid may be advisable as there is a good deal of typhoid in Naples and the whole of Southern Italy. I keep my immunisation up by having a shot every year when I go to WHO in Geneva. 5 On the other hand if you are a little careful, drink wine instead of water and avoid salads etc. you should be perfectly safe. I do not know if I ever wrote you that my daughter Erica got typhoid in Geneva a few …","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"293 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0025727300072537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57091319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300072501
C. Singer
My dear Sigerist, It is perfectly mad of me, but I find I have Sudhoff’s Syphilis work perfectly safe after all. I had an idea that it was in proof form and I have been hunting everywhere for proofs. But I see that this is not the case. I have the typed document perfectly safe and will embark on it at once. Will you please explain to Wolff and Lier what has happened? The whole mistake arose from my thinking it was in proof form. I have nearly finished the 1493 Ketham, and you shall have the material in the first week in January. With best wishes from us both to you all for a happy Christmas. Yours ever, Charles Singer
{"title":"2. The Letters","authors":"C. Singer","doi":"10.1017/s0025727300072501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300072501","url":null,"abstract":"My dear Sigerist, It is perfectly mad of me, but I find I have Sudhoff’s Syphilis work perfectly safe after all. I had an idea that it was in proof form and I have been hunting everywhere for proofs. But I see that this is not the case. I have the typed document perfectly safe and will embark on it at once. Will you please explain to Wolff and Lier what has happened? The whole mistake arose from my thinking it was in proof form. I have nearly finished the 1493 Ketham, and you shall have the material in the first week in January. With best wishes from us both to you all for a happy Christmas. Yours ever, Charles Singer","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"116 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0025727300072501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57090555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300072562
C. Singer, D. M. Schullian
My dear Sigerist, Many thanks for your letter of March 26 received to-day. What good news about your History of Medicine. When do you anticipate the first part will be out? What good news too that you will be in Europe. Could we not meet in London? I have to be in London for some ten days in July and shall also be there the whole of May and June. If you would let me know by return when we could meet I would arrange my movements accordingly. Of course one has to book one’s rooms months in advance. Naturally we should be delighted if you could come down here. We always travel by night as that does not consume time. I would even come down with you if you could see your way to do that. When is your mother’s birthday? We would like to send her a line on that occasion. I think we have her address but perhaps you would attach it to your answer. With all best wishes from us all to you and the family, Yours always, Charles Singer
{"title":"2. The Letters","authors":"C. Singer, D. M. Schullian","doi":"10.1017/s0025727300072562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300072562","url":null,"abstract":"My dear Sigerist, Many thanks for your letter of March 26 received to-day. What good news about your History of Medicine. When do you anticipate the first part will be out? What good news too that you will be in Europe. Could we not meet in London? I have to be in London for some ten days in July and shall also be there the whole of May and June. If you would let me know by return when we could meet I would arrange my movements accordingly. Of course one has to book one’s rooms months in advance. Naturally we should be delighted if you could come down here. We always travel by night as that does not consume time. I would even come down with you if you could see your way to do that. When is your mother’s birthday? We would like to send her a line on that occasion. I think we have her address but perhaps you would attach it to your answer. With all best wishes from us all to you and the family, Yours always, Charles Singer","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"249 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0025727300072562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57090997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300072586
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Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300072525
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Pub Date : 2009-06-30DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300073786
D. Kromhout
By 1961 the situation had become reversed. The fibre consumption of the highest income groups relative to that of the lowest increased steadily during this period. When compared to the lowest two social classes the highest two with the higher overall fibre intake emerged with a lower incidence ofCHD over the twenty years.73 Finally, in a prospective secondary prevention study, Daan Kromhout and his colleagues obtained a dietary history with respect to fibre intake in a group of 871 men who were followed for six to twelve months. The twenty-seven men who died from CHD during the period under review had an average daily fibre intake of 27.2 + 8.1 g per day, appreciably less than the 30.8 + 9.7 g per day of the survivors. When corrected for other factors by multivariate analysis, the difference approached conventional levels of significance, the P value being 0.06.7 In conclusion, the fibre intake of the English middle and upper classes declined during the Georgian era. Recent studies have shown that a low fibre intake affects the lipid profile and incidence of coronary heart disease adversely. The decline in oat fibre intake, in particular, during the eighteenth century could therefore be considered a contributory cause for angina pectoris then becoming manifest in England as a disease of the affluent and increasingly common thereafter.
{"title":"Sugar","authors":"D. Kromhout","doi":"10.1017/S0025727300073786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300073786","url":null,"abstract":"By 1961 the situation had become reversed. The fibre consumption of the highest income groups relative to that of the lowest increased steadily during this period. When compared to the lowest two social classes the highest two with the higher overall fibre intake emerged with a lower incidence ofCHD over the twenty years.73 Finally, in a prospective secondary prevention study, Daan Kromhout and his colleagues obtained a dietary history with respect to fibre intake in a group of 871 men who were followed for six to twelve months. The twenty-seven men who died from CHD during the period under review had an average daily fibre intake of 27.2 + 8.1 g per day, appreciably less than the 30.8 + 9.7 g per day of the survivors. When corrected for other factors by multivariate analysis, the difference approached conventional levels of significance, the P value being 0.06.7 In conclusion, the fibre intake of the English middle and upper classes declined during the Georgian era. Recent studies have shown that a low fibre intake affects the lipid profile and incidence of coronary heart disease adversely. The decline in oat fibre intake, in particular, during the eighteenth century could therefore be considered a contributory cause for angina pectoris then becoming manifest in England as a disease of the affluent and increasingly common thereafter.","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"82 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025727300073786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57095240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Madrid hospitals and welfare in the context of the Hapsburg Empire.","authors":"Teresa Huguet-Termes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":" ","pages":"64-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28771508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medicine and the Querelle des Femmes in early modern Spain.","authors":"Mónica Bolufer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":" ","pages":"86-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28771509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300072240
{"title":"Michael Foster and Thomas Henry Huxley, Correspondence, Letters 163 through 185, 1865–1895","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0025727300072240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300072240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"134 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0025727300072240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57089207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300072379
M. L. Terrada
Over the last several decades, historians of medicine have grown increasingly interested in the coexistence of medical systems, a phenomenon known as medical pluralism. While medical pluralism is not at all uncommon in present-day societies, Robert Jutte remarks that it is relatively recently that medical historiography has shifted the emphasis from renowned doctors and orthodox practitioners to the more complex world of medical practice, to include all manner of healers involved in confronting illness. However, the study of this complex world—while indispensable to a full comprehension of the medical practices of any period—presents a number of challenges to traditional medical historiography. For example, the fact that practitioners of folk medicine, charismatic healers, and the like left behind relatively few documents means that we must turn to the systems of control to understand extra-official health practices (i.e. those practices that are neither regulated by nor included within legal frameworks). For this reason, a variety of new historiographical models have been developed, each with its own terms and concepts for the purposes of, on the one hand, properly interpreting and analysing medical pluralism historically and, on the other, methodologically resolving the problems this phenomenon presents, particularly the dichotomy between academic and non-academic medicine.1 These models make use of tools that previously pertained exclusively to social and political history in order to include not only academic medicine but also unregulated and unorthodox practices. In this way, these models help to account for all the options that existed for the treatment of sickness.2 In the case of early modern Spain, medical pluralism involves the coexistence of academic medicine—the Galenism taught in universities to physicians, surgeons and apothecaries through guild-based instruction—and other forms of medical practice. Studies undertaken to date3 demonstrate that alternatives to traditional Galenic therapies were present in all the territories of the Spanish monarchy, the same variety of notions concerning illness and healing practices identified elsewhere in early modern Europe.4 Thus, in order to understand the relationships among the different medical systems that coexist in a society during a certain historical moment, we must take into account not only academic medicine and its professionals, but also the society collectively.5 Part of this task is relatively easy; manuscript and printed sources are fairly abundant for the study of authorized health professions with regimented educational programmes, as the bibliographies of scholarship on these professions attest. As I have mentioned, however, this is not the case for extra-academic practices. Attempts to analyse large-scale tendencies related to illness and healing in a given society must therefore draw on a broad range of materials.6 In the best cases, I have information only about those pra
{"title":"Medical Pluralism in the Iberian Kingdoms: The Control of Extra-academic Practitioners in Valencia","authors":"M. L. Terrada","doi":"10.1017/S0025727300072379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300072379","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last several decades, historians of medicine have grown increasingly interested in the coexistence of medical systems, a phenomenon known as medical pluralism. While medical pluralism is not at all uncommon in present-day societies, Robert Jutte remarks that it is relatively recently that medical historiography has shifted the emphasis from renowned doctors and orthodox practitioners to the more complex world of medical practice, to include all manner of healers involved in confronting illness. However, the study of this complex world—while indispensable to a full comprehension of the medical practices of any period—presents a number of challenges to traditional medical historiography. For example, the fact that practitioners of folk medicine, charismatic healers, and the like left behind relatively few documents means that we must turn to the systems of control to understand extra-official health practices (i.e. those practices that are neither regulated by nor included within legal frameworks). For this reason, a variety of new historiographical models have been developed, each with its own terms and concepts for the purposes of, on the one hand, properly interpreting and analysing medical pluralism historically and, on the other, methodologically resolving the problems this phenomenon presents, particularly the dichotomy between academic and non-academic medicine.1 These models make use of tools that previously pertained exclusively to social and political history in order to include not only academic medicine but also unregulated and unorthodox practices. In this way, these models help to account for all the options that existed for the treatment of sickness.2 In the case of early modern Spain, medical pluralism involves the coexistence of academic medicine—the Galenism taught in universities to physicians, surgeons and apothecaries through guild-based instruction—and other forms of medical practice. Studies undertaken to date3 demonstrate that alternatives to traditional Galenic therapies were present in all the territories of the Spanish monarchy, the same variety of notions concerning illness and healing practices identified elsewhere in early modern Europe.4 Thus, in order to understand the relationships among the different medical systems that coexist in a society during a certain historical moment, we must take into account not only academic medicine and its professionals, but also the society collectively.5 Part of this task is relatively easy; manuscript and printed sources are fairly abundant for the study of authorized health professions with regimented educational programmes, as the bibliographies of scholarship on these professions attest. As I have mentioned, however, this is not the case for extra-academic practices. Attempts to analyse large-scale tendencies related to illness and healing in a given society must therefore draw on a broad range of materials.6 In the best cases, I have information only about those pra","PeriodicalId":74144,"journal":{"name":"Medical history. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"7 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0025727300072379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57090068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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