E. Kamboj, A. Dhaka, Satish Kumar, Bhagat Singh, V. S. Hooda, Kamal
Chickpea is mostly cultivated under dryland condition and water availability is the major environmental factor affecting crop yield in dryland conditions. In dryland areas, the crop suffers from moisture stress due to the insecurity of rainfall. The combination of stored soil moisture and high temperatures results in the creation of various degrees of moisture stress during the duration of crop growth, therefore restricting the expression of growth and development characteristics, resulting in a significant loss of crop output. The provision of irrigation proves pivotal for the successful cultivation of chickpea crops during key growth stages, including pre-flowering, pod development and seed filling. Consequently, the implementation of supplemental irrigation serves as a strategic measure to offset potential production losses attributed to terminal drought. This agricultural practice is notably employed in diverse regions worldwide, with a pronounced impact observed in areas such as West Asia and Northern India, where it plays a crucial role in augmenting chickpea productivity. Susceptibility to drought stress has restrained chickpea productivity at a global level, thus, the proper selection of early maturing and drought tolerant cultivars along with supplemental irrigation may be helpful to sustain chickpea production.
{"title":"Growth and Yield Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as Influenced by Irrigation Levels and Genotypes: A Review","authors":"E. Kamboj, A. Dhaka, Satish Kumar, Bhagat Singh, V. S. Hooda, Kamal","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2693","url":null,"abstract":"Chickpea is mostly cultivated under dryland condition and water availability is the major environmental factor affecting crop yield in dryland conditions. In dryland areas, the crop suffers from moisture stress due to the insecurity of rainfall. The combination of stored soil moisture and high temperatures results in the creation of various degrees of moisture stress during the duration of crop growth, therefore restricting the expression of growth and development characteristics, resulting in a significant loss of crop output. The provision of irrigation proves pivotal for the successful cultivation of chickpea crops during key growth stages, including pre-flowering, pod development and seed filling. Consequently, the implementation of supplemental irrigation serves as a strategic measure to offset potential production losses attributed to terminal drought. This agricultural practice is notably employed in diverse regions worldwide, with a pronounced impact observed in areas such as West Asia and Northern India, where it plays a crucial role in augmenting chickpea productivity. Susceptibility to drought stress has restrained chickpea productivity at a global level, thus, the proper selection of early maturing and drought tolerant cultivars along with supplemental irrigation may be helpful to sustain chickpea production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Proportion of roughage and concentrate supply to dairy animal is a major challenge in commercial dairying of Bangladesh that directly correlated with quality and quantity of milk. Several studies revealed that, level of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) is an indication of proper feed supply of the animals. Therefore, the study was the attempt to find, the relationship between the level of MUN with metabolic energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) by supplied ratio of roughage, concentrate and effect of altered level MUN with milk quality and quantity in commercial dairy farms of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Methods: For the study, feed and milk samples were taken from randomly selected three different farm categories for the period of July 2014 to June 2015 monthly. The herd average milk production was taken from the recorded data. The feed and milk composition were analyzed in the dairy lab of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). MUN was determined by spectrophotometric method in the Poultry Research and Tanning Laboratory (PRTC) of CVASU, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Observed data was analyzed by using Pearson’s correlation methods to find out the correlation among MUN level, supplied source of ME and CP and milk production and composition. Result: The results suggested that there was significant level difference of MUN (P less than 0.05) irrespective of seasons and farm categories with the sources of ME and CP of supplied feed. Milk yield relate significantly (P less than 0.05) with MUN level when there was lowest supply of roughage and maximum M.E comes from concentrate feed irrespective of farm categories. So, determination of MUN level will be helpful to commercial dairy farmers when the issues related to milk quality and quantity.
背景：奶牛的粗饲料和精饲料供应比例是孟加拉国商业乳品业面临的一大挑战，这与牛奶的质量和数量直接相关。多项研究表明，牛奶尿素氮（MUN）水平是奶牛饲料供应是否合理的标志。因此，本研究试图找出 MUN 水平与代谢能（ME）和粗蛋白（CP）之间的关系，即粗饲料、精饲料的供给比例，以及 MUN 水平的改变对孟加拉国吉大港商业奶牛场牛奶质量和数量的影响。研究方法：在研究中，每月从随机选取的三个不同类别的牧场采集饲料和牛奶样本，时间跨度为 2014 年 7 月至 2015 年 6 月。牛群平均产奶量取自记录数据。吉大港兽医和动物科学大学（CVASU）的乳品实验室对饲料和牛奶成分进行了分析。孟加拉吉大港兽医和动物科学大学家禽研究和鞣制实验室（PRTC）采用分光光度法测定 MUN。观察数据采用皮尔逊相关法进行分析，以找出 MUN 水平、ME 和 CP 的供应来源与牛奶产量和成分之间的相关性。结果结果表明，无论季节和牧场类别如何，MUN 与所供饲料的 ME 和 CP 来源存在显著差异（P 小于 0.05）。当粗饲料供应量最低而精饲料供应量最高时，牛奶产量与 MUN 水平有明显关系（P 小于 0.05），而与牧场类别无关。因此，测定 MUN 水平将有助于商业化奶牛场主解决与牛奶质量和数量有关的问题。
{"title":"Correlation between Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) Levels with Metabolizable Energy (ME) and Crude Protein (CP) Provided with Ratio of Roughage Concentrate by Supplied Feed of Dairy Cattle and its Effect on Milk Yield and Milk Composition","authors":"T. Chanda, M.K.I. Khan, G. Chanda, G. Debnath","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-280","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proportion of roughage and concentrate supply to dairy animal is a major challenge in commercial dairying of Bangladesh that directly correlated with quality and quantity of milk. Several studies revealed that, level of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) is an indication of proper feed supply of the animals. Therefore, the study was the attempt to find, the relationship between the level of MUN with metabolic energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) by supplied ratio of roughage, concentrate and effect of altered level MUN with milk quality and quantity in commercial dairy farms of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Methods: For the study, feed and milk samples were taken from randomly selected three different farm categories for the period of July 2014 to June 2015 monthly. The herd average milk production was taken from the recorded data. The feed and milk composition were analyzed in the dairy lab of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). MUN was determined by spectrophotometric method in the Poultry Research and Tanning Laboratory (PRTC) of CVASU, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Observed data was analyzed by using Pearson’s correlation methods to find out the correlation among MUN level, supplied source of ME and CP and milk production and composition. Result: The results suggested that there was significant level difference of MUN (P less than 0.05) irrespective of seasons and farm categories with the sources of ME and CP of supplied feed. Milk yield relate significantly (P less than 0.05) with MUN level when there was lowest supply of roughage and maximum M.E comes from concentrate feed irrespective of farm categories. So, determination of MUN level will be helpful to commercial dairy farmers when the issues related to milk quality and quantity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meat is a global vital protein source catering to diverse diets. By 2050, world’s population may rise to 9 billion and the demand for meat will exceed supply, necessitating a doubling of meat production. Nutritionally rich composition makes meat, a fertile ground for numerous microbes, leading to spoilage and foodborne illnesses, impacting human health. External factors like poor hygiene, inadequate post-production storage, mishandling and more contribute to meat contamination. The zoonotic strains of E. coli can cause severe food poisoning, with over 700 identified serotypes, hence it is crucial to identify, monitor and control E. coli to ensure food safety. Among E. coli pathotypes, Verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) stands out as major cause of food poisoning. The VTEC toxin (Shiga toxin), can induce mild diarrhea to severe form of illness like Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome and Hemorrhagic Colitis, posing a severe public health risk. The Cattle is a primary reservoir for VTEC, which, by faecal shedding, can pollute food, water and the environment. Furthermore, E. coli can spread through contaminated meat, raw milk and milk products. This bacterium is commonly found in the immediate surroundings of animal reservoir, including soil, grass and manure, leading to potential contamination of milk. E. coli infections not only impact humans but also animals, with cattle, sheep and poultry acting as reservoirs for different E. coli strains. Cattle populations frequently harbor E. coli O157:H7 asymptomatic carriers, contributing to faecal contamination of food and water sources. Educating the public about the risks associated with improper meat handling and contamination is essential to reduce foodborne illnesses. Monitoring and surveillance of meat quality in local markets, as are crucial steps towards ensuring food safety. This underscores the importance of understanding and managing E. coli contamination in meat to safeguard public health and ensure the safety of meat products in the global food supply chain.
{"title":"Public Health Significance of Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli: An Overview","authors":"Navya Sri Bairi, C.V. Savalia, Noone Sai Ram","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2680","url":null,"abstract":"Meat is a global vital protein source catering to diverse diets. By 2050, world’s population may rise to 9 billion and the demand for meat will exceed supply, necessitating a doubling of meat production. Nutritionally rich composition makes meat, a fertile ground for numerous microbes, leading to spoilage and foodborne illnesses, impacting human health. External factors like poor hygiene, inadequate post-production storage, mishandling and more contribute to meat contamination. The zoonotic strains of E. coli can cause severe food poisoning, with over 700 identified serotypes, hence it is crucial to identify, monitor and control E. coli to ensure food safety. Among E. coli pathotypes, Verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) stands out as major cause of food poisoning. The VTEC toxin (Shiga toxin), can induce mild diarrhea to severe form of illness like Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome and Hemorrhagic Colitis, posing a severe public health risk. The Cattle is a primary reservoir for VTEC, which, by faecal shedding, can pollute food, water and the environment. Furthermore, E. coli can spread through contaminated meat, raw milk and milk products. This bacterium is commonly found in the immediate surroundings of animal reservoir, including soil, grass and manure, leading to potential contamination of milk. E. coli infections not only impact humans but also animals, with cattle, sheep and poultry acting as reservoirs for different E. coli strains. Cattle populations frequently harbor E. coli O157:H7 asymptomatic carriers, contributing to faecal contamination of food and water sources. Educating the public about the risks associated with improper meat handling and contamination is essential to reduce foodborne illnesses. Monitoring and surveillance of meat quality in local markets, as are crucial steps towards ensuring food safety. This underscores the importance of understanding and managing E. coli contamination in meat to safeguard public health and ensure the safety of meat products in the global food supply chain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cicer arietinum (chickpea) is an annual herbaceous crop and the world’s third most important food legume, belonging to the genus Cicer. Chickpea is rich in carbohydrates, proteins and bioactive compounds. A variety of climatic and environmental conditions influence chickpea growth, development and grain yield. Its significance and utilization for several health diseases have been cited in ancient manuscripts and the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Determining the origin and dispersal routes of this plant has been one of the most interesting issues among botanists. This review gives an outline of the available literature on morphological characteristics, origin, habitat features, nutritional compositionand medicinal uses of the chickpea. Chickpea is cultivated in a wide variety of agroecological conditions worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. It is susceptible to soil type, soil pH, waterlogging, temperature (drought and cold), annual rainfall, salinity, high boron, insect and pathogen attacks, herbicidesand weeds, especially broad-leafed weeds. Chickpea originated in the Mediterranean/Fertile Crescent from Cicer reticulatum through mutants and spread to Central Asia and likely in parallel from Central Asia to South Asia (India) and East Africa (Ethiopia). It is a chief source of sustainable, inexpensive protein, also abundant in complex carbohydrates, fatty acids, isoflavones, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber. Cicer arietinum possesses several medicinally significant activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-hepatotoxicity, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-cancer and nephrolithiasis.
{"title":"Cicer arietinum L. (Chickpea): A Mini-review","authors":"Saeed Mohsenzadeh","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-269","url":null,"abstract":"Cicer arietinum (chickpea) is an annual herbaceous crop and the world’s third most important food legume, belonging to the genus Cicer. Chickpea is rich in carbohydrates, proteins and bioactive compounds. A variety of climatic and environmental conditions influence chickpea growth, development and grain yield. Its significance and utilization for several health diseases have been cited in ancient manuscripts and the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Determining the origin and dispersal routes of this plant has been one of the most interesting issues among botanists. This review gives an outline of the available literature on morphological characteristics, origin, habitat features, nutritional compositionand medicinal uses of the chickpea. Chickpea is cultivated in a wide variety of agroecological conditions worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. It is susceptible to soil type, soil pH, waterlogging, temperature (drought and cold), annual rainfall, salinity, high boron, insect and pathogen attacks, herbicidesand weeds, especially broad-leafed weeds. Chickpea originated in the Mediterranean/Fertile Crescent from Cicer reticulatum through mutants and spread to Central Asia and likely in parallel from Central Asia to South Asia (India) and East Africa (Ethiopia). It is a chief source of sustainable, inexpensive protein, also abundant in complex carbohydrates, fatty acids, isoflavones, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber. Cicer arietinum possesses several medicinally significant activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-hepatotoxicity, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-cancer and nephrolithiasis.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethiopia ranks first in Africa and 5th in the globe in its livestock population. The livestock subsector is immensely contributing about 60-70 % to the population’s livelihood and about 80% of the farmers use animal traction to plough their croplands. This study involved gathering livestock-based data from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) for the years 2004/05 to 2018/19. Additionally, information on livestock holders was systematically organized and analyzed to track progress over the years. Quantifiable values indicating increases were presented in tables and figures. The relationship between cattle numbers and livestock owners’ growth trends was tested using the Pearson correlation. The findings were further supported or challenged through a comprehensive literature review. The data show that the cattle population grew by 57% in 2018/19 than the number it was at the end of 2004/05 and the number of cattle owners increased by about 53 %. Likewise, the total number of sheep population grew by 82.69 % and their holders by 53%, the total goat heads grew by 162.2% and the camel population by 284%. From the total stock of cattle, 97.92% and 99.72% of sheep and all the goats and camels were identified as indigenous, respectively. The study found a significant and strong correlation (p less than 0.01) between the number of animals used for production and the number of holders. This suggests that the growth in livestock population is primarily due to an increased number of livestock owners, rather than an increase in the number of animals per holder. The work identifies bottlenecks in livestock development and provides insights into growth trends and underlying causes. It highlights opportunities for policy interventions to enhance sustainable livestock production. Further research is recommended on addressing feed and water shortages and evaluating policy and institutional setup effectiveness.
{"title":"The Tendency of Livestock Growth in Ethiopia: A Review","authors":"Desalegn Begna, Tadese Kuma, Zemene Yohannes","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-291","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia ranks first in Africa and 5th in the globe in its livestock population. The livestock subsector is immensely contributing about 60-70 % to the population’s livelihood and about 80% of the farmers use animal traction to plough their croplands. This study involved gathering livestock-based data from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) for the years 2004/05 to 2018/19. Additionally, information on livestock holders was systematically organized and analyzed to track progress over the years. Quantifiable values indicating increases were presented in tables and figures. The relationship between cattle numbers and livestock owners’ growth trends was tested using the Pearson correlation. The findings were further supported or challenged through a comprehensive literature review. The data show that the cattle population grew by 57% in 2018/19 than the number it was at the end of 2004/05 and the number of cattle owners increased by about 53 %. Likewise, the total number of sheep population grew by 82.69 % and their holders by 53%, the total goat heads grew by 162.2% and the camel population by 284%. From the total stock of cattle, 97.92% and 99.72% of sheep and all the goats and camels were identified as indigenous, respectively. The study found a significant and strong correlation (p less than 0.01) between the number of animals used for production and the number of holders. This suggests that the growth in livestock population is primarily due to an increased number of livestock owners, rather than an increase in the number of animals per holder. The work identifies bottlenecks in livestock development and provides insights into growth trends and underlying causes. It highlights opportunities for policy interventions to enhance sustainable livestock production. Further research is recommended on addressing feed and water shortages and evaluating policy and institutional setup effectiveness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"122 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roots, which holds the plant in the soil and responsible for water and nutrient uptake is the most unique plant part essential for survival. Root characters like length, diameter and surface area are the important parameters that have to be measured for evaluating root growth. Most of the methods used to study root development are extremely time consuming and tedious. Many techniques have been used to increase the accessibility of plant roots. Rhizotrons have been introduced to get over these restrictions. Rhizotron is a tool for observing the roots of the plants without destructing it. Research teams interested in root-shoot physiological relationships, root system reactions to local soil conditions, cultivar comparisons and mass balance studies of harvested soils find rhizotrons to be useful tools for studying plant roots. They often contain substantial, field-like amounts of soil, sensitive instrumentation and may offer some degree of control over root environmental parameters like temperature. Additionally, they may allow access to specific roots for testing and measurement. As more advanced non-destructive measurement techniques are employed to assess the root and soil parameters, the value of rhizotrons will rise. Modern minirhizotrons are well equipped with colour video camera and processor with improved quality. This review critically examines the numerous rhizotrons designed to provide real-time, non-destructive monitoring and sampling of rhizosphere ecosystems during a plant’s developmental stages.
{"title":"Rhizotron: A Unique Technique for Root Study: A Review","authors":"F. Reni., J. Bindhu, P. S. Pillai","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2671","url":null,"abstract":"Roots, which holds the plant in the soil and responsible for water and nutrient uptake is the most unique plant part essential for survival. Root characters like length, diameter and surface area are the important parameters that have to be measured for evaluating root growth. Most of the methods used to study root development are extremely time consuming and tedious. Many techniques have been used to increase the accessibility of plant roots. Rhizotrons have been introduced to get over these restrictions. Rhizotron is a tool for observing the roots of the plants without destructing it. Research teams interested in root-shoot physiological relationships, root system reactions to local soil conditions, cultivar comparisons and mass balance studies of harvested soils find rhizotrons to be useful tools for studying plant roots. They often contain substantial, field-like amounts of soil, sensitive instrumentation and may offer some degree of control over root environmental parameters like temperature. Additionally, they may allow access to specific roots for testing and measurement. As more advanced non-destructive measurement techniques are employed to assess the root and soil parameters, the value of rhizotrons will rise. Modern minirhizotrons are well equipped with colour video camera and processor with improved quality. This review critically examines the numerous rhizotrons designed to provide real-time, non-destructive monitoring and sampling of rhizosphere ecosystems during a plant’s developmental stages.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sugarcane farming, a cornerstone of the global sugar and bioenergy industries, has seen a surge in interest in recent years due to the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. One such practice, intercropping, is becoming increasingly recognized for its potential to transform the dynamics of sugarcane cultivation. As the world grapples with the challenges of sustainable agriculture and food security, the adoption of intercropping in sugarcane farming stands as a promising strategy. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of diversification in enhancing the resilience and prosperity of sugarcane farming while contributing to global agricultural sustainability. It underscores the pivotal role of intercropping in sugarcane cultivation, not only in augmenting crop yields and farmer livelihoods but also in fostering soil resilience and health.
{"title":"The Sweet Gains of Diversification: A Review of Intercropping Benefits in Sugarcane Farming","authors":"V. Anjaly, Akhil Ajith","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2674","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane farming, a cornerstone of the global sugar and bioenergy industries, has seen a surge in interest in recent years due to the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. One such practice, intercropping, is becoming increasingly recognized for its potential to transform the dynamics of sugarcane cultivation. As the world grapples with the challenges of sustainable agriculture and food security, the adoption of intercropping in sugarcane farming stands as a promising strategy. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of diversification in enhancing the resilience and prosperity of sugarcane farming while contributing to global agricultural sustainability. It underscores the pivotal role of intercropping in sugarcane cultivation, not only in augmenting crop yields and farmer livelihoods but also in fostering soil resilience and health.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livestock contributes significantly to the agricultural and National GDP (gross domestic product). India is known as one of the most important countries containing a larger livestock population. Hence, to sustain the livestock population, the production of quality forage is the most important factor. Currently, the lack of dry and green forage yield is increasing day by day due to an insufficient supply of required fertilizers to the fodder crops and farmers are not willing to cultivate fodder crops as it provides smaller net returns. Moreover, the availability of smaller land holdings is another cause of the fodder deficit in the country. In cereal fodder crops, nitrogenous fertilizers have an immense role in determining the crude protein and fibre content of the plant when it is applied with appropriate doses that differ from crop to crop. Moreover, biofertilizers are products that contain stains of different microorganisms. Inoculation of biofertilizers such as Azospirrilum, Azotobacter, Acetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, etc. to the cereal fodders (sorghum, maize, oat, barley, ryegrass, etc.) leads to a considerable increase in yield attributes as well as the quality of the yield can be sustained also without deteriorating the soil fertility. Again, the combined application of both i.e., biofertilizers and nitrogenous fertilizers at a suitable proportion provides the maximum possible quality yield with higher net profit. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fertilizers (nitrogen and biofertilizers) at the time of crop requirement for maximum production. Hence, this study is conducted to observe the performance level of cereal fodders under the impact of nitrogenous fertilizers and biofertilizers.
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizers and Bio Fertilizers on the Growth and Development of Cereal Fodder Crops: A Review","authors":"Narayan Maity, Sourabh Kumar, Rajeev, Sourav Samanta, Sudip Bhaumik, Pranav Anil Patil","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2676","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock contributes significantly to the agricultural and National GDP (gross domestic product). India is known as one of the most important countries containing a larger livestock population. Hence, to sustain the livestock population, the production of quality forage is the most important factor. Currently, the lack of dry and green forage yield is increasing day by day due to an insufficient supply of required fertilizers to the fodder crops and farmers are not willing to cultivate fodder crops as it provides smaller net returns. Moreover, the availability of smaller land holdings is another cause of the fodder deficit in the country. In cereal fodder crops, nitrogenous fertilizers have an immense role in determining the crude protein and fibre content of the plant when it is applied with appropriate doses that differ from crop to crop. Moreover, biofertilizers are products that contain stains of different microorganisms. Inoculation of biofertilizers such as Azospirrilum, Azotobacter, Acetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, etc. to the cereal fodders (sorghum, maize, oat, barley, ryegrass, etc.) leads to a considerable increase in yield attributes as well as the quality of the yield can be sustained also without deteriorating the soil fertility. Again, the combined application of both i.e., biofertilizers and nitrogenous fertilizers at a suitable proportion provides the maximum possible quality yield with higher net profit. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fertilizers (nitrogen and biofertilizers) at the time of crop requirement for maximum production. Hence, this study is conducted to observe the performance level of cereal fodders under the impact of nitrogenous fertilizers and biofertilizers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Haricot bean is the most important food legumes in Ethiopia. However, low productivity is the major problem in South Gondar zone, which is mainly associated with lack of recently released high yielder varieties in the areas. The aim of this study was an attempt to identify suitable high yielder haricot bean varieties for the study areas and similar agro ecologies. Methods: This study was conducted during the rainfed season of 2021 and 2022 at Ebinat and Tach Gayint districts in South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. Four haricot bean varieties with one local check were used as a treatment and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: Analysis of variance showed a highly significant variability among the varieties for days to maturity, pod length, pods per plant, seeds per pod, grain yield and 100 grain weight. All these traits showed a highly significant difference by location variations. Variety by location interaction also showed a significant variation on days to maturity, pods per plant,100 grain weight and grain yield. SER119 was found the highest yielder variety with mean yield of 2861.00, 2887.50 and 2231.59kg ha-1 at Burkoch, Fenta and Balarb locations, respectively. This variety has a respective yield advantage of 59.41%, 47.01% and 38.70% over the local check. Whereas, Awash mitin showed a highest yield at Daka (2285.70 kg/ha) and Anseta (1995.50 kg ha-1) locations with respective yield advantage of 33.96% and 39.95% as compared to the check cultivar. Therefore, SER119 and Awash mitin varieties could be recommended for Ebinat and Tach Gayint districts and similar agro-ecologies to each location.
{"title":"Evaluation of Haricot Bean [Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)] Varieties for yield and yield Components at Ebinat and Tach Gayint Districts of South Gondar Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Dejen Fentie, Alamir Worku, Solomon Sharie Shferaw","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-319","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Haricot bean is the most important food legumes in Ethiopia. However, low productivity is the major problem in South Gondar zone, which is mainly associated with lack of recently released high yielder varieties in the areas. The aim of this study was an attempt to identify suitable high yielder haricot bean varieties for the study areas and similar agro ecologies. Methods: This study was conducted during the rainfed season of 2021 and 2022 at Ebinat and Tach Gayint districts in South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. Four haricot bean varieties with one local check were used as a treatment and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: Analysis of variance showed a highly significant variability among the varieties for days to maturity, pod length, pods per plant, seeds per pod, grain yield and 100 grain weight. All these traits showed a highly significant difference by location variations. Variety by location interaction also showed a significant variation on days to maturity, pods per plant,100 grain weight and grain yield. SER119 was found the highest yielder variety with mean yield of 2861.00, 2887.50 and 2231.59kg ha-1 at Burkoch, Fenta and Balarb locations, respectively. This variety has a respective yield advantage of 59.41%, 47.01% and 38.70% over the local check. Whereas, Awash mitin showed a highest yield at Daka (2285.70 kg/ha) and Anseta (1995.50 kg ha-1) locations with respective yield advantage of 33.96% and 39.95% as compared to the check cultivar. Therefore, SER119 and Awash mitin varieties could be recommended for Ebinat and Tach Gayint districts and similar agro-ecologies to each location.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141377431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bashir Ahmad Esar, Gurlal Singh, Hamidullah Younisi
Foreign companies import Afghan saffron, which is considered to be best quality in the world. These companies then apply their labels and market the product under their country names. By adopting methodology required for production and market analysis, a study was conducted to determine the potential for production, export and value share. The study used techniques such as compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and decomposition analysis to determine changes in the area, production and productivity of saffron from 1991-92 to 2021-22. The findings revealed that the growth rates of area, production and productivity of saffron significantly increased by 29.61 per cent, 29.06 per cent and 0.42 per cent annually respectively. Additionally, the returns per hectare of Afghanistan’s saffron were compared to other crops such as wheat, rice, corn and barley and the returns of saffron were found to be the highest. The export of Afghanistan’s saffron also increased annually, providing farmers with more income opportunities.
{"title":"Afghanistan Saffron and Potential for the Economy: An Overview of International Trade and Domestic Well Being","authors":"Bashir Ahmad Esar, Gurlal Singh, Hamidullah Younisi","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-290","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign companies import Afghan saffron, which is considered to be best quality in the world. These companies then apply their labels and market the product under their country names. By adopting methodology required for production and market analysis, a study was conducted to determine the potential for production, export and value share. The study used techniques such as compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and decomposition analysis to determine changes in the area, production and productivity of saffron from 1991-92 to 2021-22. The findings revealed that the growth rates of area, production and productivity of saffron significantly increased by 29.61 per cent, 29.06 per cent and 0.42 per cent annually respectively. Additionally, the returns per hectare of Afghanistan’s saffron were compared to other crops such as wheat, rice, corn and barley and the returns of saffron were found to be the highest. The export of Afghanistan’s saffron also increased annually, providing farmers with more income opportunities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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