Sudip Bhaumik, R. ., Sourabh Kumar, S. Fayaz, M. Choudhary, K. Narender, Shailja Sharma
Maize (Zea mays L.),the most important and multipurpose crops, different environmental condition is suitable for maize crop growing ,and has miscellaneous uses as animal feed and human food. Maize not only provided energy but also provided protein, crude protein, crude fibre, etc. All macro and micro nutrients affect different growth stages of fodder maize crops. Different doses of different nutrients affect differently over the plant enhancement and yield into fodder maize crops. Green fodder plays an important role as a feed o animal husbandry. Nutritious fodders are directly and primarily involved in the growth and production of the dairy department. As a nutritious and non-leguminous feed, fodder maize is the more significant green fodder. The growing time of maize is quick, with high dry matter accumulating, power and is a highly dainty fodder crop. Fodder maize holds adequate quantities of protein, minerals and annexes high digestibility as compared to legume and non-legume fodder crops. Fodder maize is use as silage for preservation due to the presence of high availability of soluble sugars in the early green stage. So, adopt proper macro and micronutrients with the proper dose which help the crop grow quickly and produce good quality fodder crops for animals.
{"title":"Impact of Nutrients on the Development and Yield of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.): A Review","authors":"Sudip Bhaumik, R. ., Sourabh Kumar, S. Fayaz, M. Choudhary, K. Narender, Shailja Sharma","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2631","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.),the most important and multipurpose crops, different environmental condition is suitable for maize crop growing ,and has miscellaneous uses as animal feed and human food. Maize not only provided energy but also provided protein, crude protein, crude fibre, etc. All macro and micro nutrients affect different growth stages of fodder maize crops. Different doses of different nutrients affect differently over the plant enhancement and yield into fodder maize crops. Green fodder plays an important role as a feed o animal husbandry. Nutritious fodders are directly and primarily involved in the growth and production of the dairy department. As a nutritious and non-leguminous feed, fodder maize is the more significant green fodder. The growing time of maize is quick, with high dry matter accumulating, power and is a highly dainty fodder crop. Fodder maize holds adequate quantities of protein, minerals and annexes high digestibility as compared to legume and non-legume fodder crops. Fodder maize is use as silage for preservation due to the presence of high availability of soluble sugars in the early green stage. So, adopt proper macro and micronutrients with the proper dose which help the crop grow quickly and produce good quality fodder crops for animals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89492447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In a world facing climate change and associated environmental stresses that hamper agricultural productivity and food security, the requirement for more sustainable agriculture is on the rise. In this regard, there is a need to expand the area of cultivation of drought-resistant leguminous crops. The purpose of the research is to study the grass pea collection, to identify forms with economically valuable traits and to create on their basis a new highly productive, technologically advanced, valuable with its quality grass pea grain for a selection in the conditions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Methods: The studies were conducted in 2017-2020 at the Institute of Genetic Resources (IGR) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Azerbaijan. 75 samples were used as research material:25 of them were local forms and 50 were samples obtained from ICARDA. The productivity and structure of the harvest have been analyzed. Result: As a result of research, the most high-yielding and high-quality samples GP-58, GP-59, GP-65, GP-71, GP-73, İFLA-2973, İFLA-240, İFLA-479, İFLA-1795, İFLA-242, GP-56, GP-87. were revealed in the studied grass pea samples. During the implementation of the breeding program using the results, we have developed a new early ripe, drought-resistant, heat-resistant, disease-resistant and high-yielding variety Zirve by the method of repeated individual selection from the local forms. These studies are an important initial study for the subsequent production of new varieties. We hope that this will lead to an increase in the acreage of grass pea in the Republic of Azerbaijan.
{"title":"Sources of Economically Valuable Features for Selection of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in Conditions of Absheron Peninsula","authors":"A. Asadova","doi":"10.18805/ag.rf-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-259","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In a world facing climate change and associated environmental stresses that hamper agricultural productivity and food security, the requirement for more sustainable agriculture is on the rise. In this regard, there is a need to expand the area of cultivation of drought-resistant leguminous crops. The purpose of the research is to study the grass pea collection, to identify forms with economically valuable traits and to create on their basis a new highly productive, technologically advanced, valuable with its quality grass pea grain for a selection in the conditions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Methods: The studies were conducted in 2017-2020 at the Institute of Genetic Resources (IGR) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Azerbaijan. 75 samples were used as research material:25 of them were local forms and 50 were samples obtained from ICARDA. The productivity and structure of the harvest have been analyzed. Result: As a result of research, the most high-yielding and high-quality samples GP-58, GP-59, GP-65, GP-71, GP-73, İFLA-2973, İFLA-240, İFLA-479, İFLA-1795, İFLA-242, GP-56, GP-87. were revealed in the studied grass pea samples. During the implementation of the breeding program using the results, we have developed a new early ripe, drought-resistant, heat-resistant, disease-resistant and high-yielding variety Zirve by the method of repeated individual selection from the local forms. These studies are an important initial study for the subsequent production of new varieties. We hope that this will lead to an increase in the acreage of grass pea in the Republic of Azerbaijan.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82702008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID 19is also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 and is an extremely contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which leads to producing great public health importance worldwide as well as in animals. At present COVID 19 is spreading throughout the world. The microscopical lesions are caused by covid19 is mainly affects upper respiratory tract and coronavirus infection also affects bronchiolar epithelial cells and type II pneumocyte of respiratory tract. Here we review the microscopical lesions caused by SARS COVID 19 in human and corona virus infection in animals is described for the benefit of the public.
{"title":"Comparative Microscopic Pathology of SARS-COVID 19 Infection in Human and Corona Virus Infection in Animals: A Review","authors":"N. Pazhanivel","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2601","url":null,"abstract":"COVID 19is also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 and is an extremely contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which leads to producing great public health importance worldwide as well as in animals. At present COVID 19 is spreading throughout the world. The microscopical lesions are caused by covid19 is mainly affects upper respiratory tract and coronavirus infection also affects bronchiolar epithelial cells and type II pneumocyte of respiratory tract. Here we review the microscopical lesions caused by SARS COVID 19 in human and corona virus infection in animals is described for the benefit of the public.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72894676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Kafeel Ahmad Ansari, B. Unal, S. Javad, F. Vardar, A. Ansari, M. Ozturk, Muhammad Iqbal
Abiotic stresses adversely affect plant growth and ultimately crop productivity. Of these, water-logging is the most widespread and most commonly experienced stress factor. While water is essential for all plant growth and development processes, waterlogging is an obstacle to sustainable agriculture. Recent FAO reports indicate that universal crop production must be enhanced by 70% by 2050 in order to meet the growing demand for food by an estimated 2.3 billion people. As demand for food increases, there is an urgent need to identify environment-friendly strategies capable of being accepted and adopted widely to enhance crop yields and mitigate the effects of climate change. Nanotechnology as a science of manipulating materials at the nano-scale has significant potential to enhance agricultural productivity by nonconventional means. This technology has been gaining momentum lately as a possible solution to reduce the adverse effects associated with various stresses, particularly with waterlogging, to enhance future food security. This paper discusses the potential applications of nanoparticles to achieve sustainable crop productivity, together with their impact on the mechanism of tolerance to waterlogging stress.
{"title":"Application of Nanobiotechnology in Enabling Plants to Overcome Water-logging Stress: A Review","authors":"Mohd Kafeel Ahmad Ansari, B. Unal, S. Javad, F. Vardar, A. Ansari, M. Ozturk, Muhammad Iqbal","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2581","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stresses adversely affect plant growth and ultimately crop productivity. Of these, water-logging is the most widespread and most commonly experienced stress factor. While water is essential for all plant growth and development processes, waterlogging is an obstacle to sustainable agriculture. Recent FAO reports indicate that universal crop production must be enhanced by 70% by 2050 in order to meet the growing demand for food by an estimated 2.3 billion people. As demand for food increases, there is an urgent need to identify environment-friendly strategies capable of being accepted and adopted widely to enhance crop yields and mitigate the effects of climate change. Nanotechnology as a science of manipulating materials at the nano-scale has significant potential to enhance agricultural productivity by nonconventional means. This technology has been gaining momentum lately as a possible solution to reduce the adverse effects associated with various stresses, particularly with waterlogging, to enhance future food security. This paper discusses the potential applications of nanoparticles to achieve sustainable crop productivity, together with their impact on the mechanism of tolerance to waterlogging stress.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86403504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinmayee Sahu, A. Manimaran, A. Kumaresan, D. Rajendran, M. Sivaram
Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle across the globe including India and cause huge economic losses to dairy farmers. Mastitis is also the most common reason for antibiotic usage in dairy animals, which is an important reason for antimicrobial resistance development in human and veterinary important pathogen. Optimization of nutrition and improvement of immunity of lactating cows are important strategies to reduce the susceptibility to mastitis and thereby reduction of antibiotic use. Copper, Zinc and Manganese are important trace minerals for maintaining udder health and immunity but, their contents and bioavailability is affected by several factors. Citrate, the precursor for milk synthesis is an important determinant of udder health but, the role of citrate in udder health is not clear as milk citrate level is affected by various factors. This review discusses about the role of trisodium citrate and various forms of trace minerals in mastitis management in dairy animals.
{"title":"Role of Trisodium Citrate and Nanominerals in Mastitis Management in Dairy Animals: A Review","authors":"Chinmayee Sahu, A. Manimaran, A. Kumaresan, D. Rajendran, M. Sivaram","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2612","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle across the globe including India and cause huge economic losses to dairy farmers. Mastitis is also the most common reason for antibiotic usage in dairy animals, which is an important reason for antimicrobial resistance development in human and veterinary important pathogen. Optimization of nutrition and improvement of immunity of lactating cows are important strategies to reduce the susceptibility to mastitis and thereby reduction of antibiotic use. Copper, Zinc and Manganese are important trace minerals for maintaining udder health and immunity but, their contents and bioavailability is affected by several factors. Citrate, the precursor for milk synthesis is an important determinant of udder health but, the role of citrate in udder health is not clear as milk citrate level is affected by various factors. This review discusses about the role of trisodium citrate and various forms of trace minerals in mastitis management in dairy animals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86345913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinky ., S. -, S. ., A. Soni, P. Ahlawat, K. Sharma
Global food production is seriously threatened by salinity stress, which is becoming more severe due to human activity. For the majority of people worldwide, mungbean is a significant pulse crop and a rich source of protein and calories and hence is rightly marked as “Poor man’s meat” and “rich man’s vegetables”. Salt stress, on the other hand, negatively affects the productivity of the mungbean since it causes decreased germination, reduced growth and development, interrupted photosynthesis, hormonal imbalance and eventually decreased yields. Consequently, developing mitigation strategies to deal with salt stress requires a greater understanding of how plants respond to salinity stress. The present review highlights the detrimental effects of salt stress and the physiological and biochemical tolerance mechanisms in mungbean.
{"title":"Insights into the Detrimental Impacts and Coping Mechanisms under Salinity Stress in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)","authors":"Sinky ., S. -, S. ., A. Soni, P. Ahlawat, K. Sharma","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2628","url":null,"abstract":"Global food production is seriously threatened by salinity stress, which is becoming more severe due to human activity. For the majority of people worldwide, mungbean is a significant pulse crop and a rich source of protein and calories and hence is rightly marked as “Poor man’s meat” and “rich man’s vegetables”. Salt stress, on the other hand, negatively affects the productivity of the mungbean since it causes decreased germination, reduced growth and development, interrupted photosynthesis, hormonal imbalance and eventually decreased yields. Consequently, developing mitigation strategies to deal with salt stress requires a greater understanding of how plants respond to salinity stress. The present review highlights the detrimental effects of salt stress and the physiological and biochemical tolerance mechanisms in mungbean.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73794399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca devastans has become very serious pest in recent years. Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from under surface of the leaf causing specking symptoms, crinkling and distortion of leaves and reddening all along the sides of leaves with downward curling. A. devastans caused significant damage during early stage by sucking the cell sap of the cotton leaves. The incidence of leafhopper was recorded from 23rd SMW to 38th SMW at seven days interval. The maximum leafhopper population on RCH 650 BGII Bt (2.26/ leaf) was found during 33rd SMW and on H-1098-i non-Bt (1.89/ leaf) was found during 32nd SMW. Throughout the season the leafhopper incidence was found lower than the economic threshold in H-1098-i non-Bt. Nymphal population exhibited significant positive correlation with relative humidity and rainy days.
{"title":"Population Dynamic of Cotton Leafhopper, Amrasca devastans (Homoptera: Jassidae): A Review","authors":"Kanwar G. Kumar, V. Chauhan","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2618","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca devastans has become very serious pest in recent years. Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from under surface of the leaf causing specking symptoms, crinkling and distortion of leaves and reddening all along the sides of leaves with downward curling. A. devastans caused significant damage during early stage by sucking the cell sap of the cotton leaves. The incidence of leafhopper was recorded from 23rd SMW to 38th SMW at seven days interval. The maximum leafhopper population on RCH 650 BGII Bt (2.26/ leaf) was found during 33rd SMW and on H-1098-i non-Bt (1.89/ leaf) was found during 32nd SMW. Throughout the season the leafhopper incidence was found lower than the economic threshold in H-1098-i non-Bt. Nymphal population exhibited significant positive correlation with relative humidity and rainy days.","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86281132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several human infections have emerged in the last three decades, most of them are attributed to wildlife origin. Two third of the emerging zoonotic infections are attributed to viruses. Emerging and re-emerging fatal viral diseases like Nipah virus disease, Hendra Virus disease, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fever have been witnessed recently, causative agents of which have been associated with bats. Ecology of bats influences the host-pathogen interaction and is responsible for harbouring several viruses, which under favourable conditions spill over to intermediate hosts. Conditions and events, such as deforestation, agricultural and livestock practices, animal migration and trade, eco-tourism, urbanization and other anthropogenic factors, greatly influence the successful interspecies transmission and emergence/re-emergence of zoonoses. This review highlights, the bats ecological factors and human-bat interface, responsible for zoonotic outbreaks in past. The implementation of an integrated approach is needed for unravelling the host-virus dynamics as well as providing mutually beneficial solutions for bat conservation and safeguarding animal and public health at a global level.
{"title":"Bat’s Role in Emergence and Spillover of Viral Zoonotic Diseases: A Review","authors":"H. Malik, S. Kaur, R. Singh, N. Parmar","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2590","url":null,"abstract":"Several human infections have emerged in the last three decades, most of them are attributed to wildlife origin. Two third of the emerging zoonotic infections are attributed to viruses. Emerging and re-emerging fatal viral diseases like Nipah virus disease, Hendra Virus disease, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fever have been witnessed recently, causative agents of which have been associated with bats. Ecology of bats influences the host-pathogen interaction and is responsible for harbouring several viruses, which under favourable conditions spill over to intermediate hosts. Conditions and events, such as deforestation, agricultural and livestock practices, animal migration and trade, eco-tourism, urbanization and other anthropogenic factors, greatly influence the successful interspecies transmission and emergence/re-emergence of zoonoses. This review highlights, the bats ecological factors and human-bat interface, responsible for zoonotic outbreaks in past. The implementation of an integrated approach is needed for unravelling the host-virus dynamics as well as providing mutually beneficial solutions for bat conservation and safeguarding animal and public health at a global level.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84789216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Masilamani, S. Rathika, C. Indurani, S. Venkatesan
Palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) is a slow growing, dioecious, drought resistant palm and considered to be native of Tropical Africa. It is cultivated as well as found growing in wild in the Indian subcontinent. It is distributed in India, Burma, Africa and Sri Lanka. Several problems are encountered in germination of seeds in palmyrah such as poor, protracted germination and prolonged nursery period. The main reasons for the failure of seeds to germinate in suitable conditions are either dead or dormant. The delayed germination of palmyrah might be due to the stony endocarp acting as a physical barrier to imbibition or imposing mechanical resistance to embryo enlargement. Against this backdrop, this review focuses on seed dormancy, pre-sowing seed treatment, nursery technology, and seed storage behaviour of palmyrah.Palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) is a slow growing, dioecious, drought resistant palm and considered to be native of Tropical Africa. It is cultivated as well as found growing in wild in the Indian subcontinent. It is distributed in India, Burma, Africa and Sri Lanka. Several problems are encountered in germination of seeds in palmyrah such as poor, protracted germination and prolonged nursery period. The main reasons for the failure of seeds to germinate in suitable conditions are either dead or dormant. The delayed germination of palmyrah might be due to the stony endocarp acting as a physical barrier to imbibition or imposing mechanical resistance to embryo enlargement. Against this backdrop, this review focuses on seed dormancy, pre-sowing seed treatment, nursery technology, and seed storage behaviour of palmyrah.
{"title":"Seed Dormancy and Germination Behaviour of Palmyrah: A Review","authors":"P. Masilamani, S. Rathika, C. Indurani, S. Venkatesan","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2607","url":null,"abstract":"Palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) is a slow growing, dioecious, drought resistant palm and considered to be native of Tropical Africa. It is cultivated as well as found growing in wild in the Indian subcontinent. It is distributed in India, Burma, Africa and Sri Lanka. Several problems are encountered in germination of seeds in palmyrah such as poor, protracted germination and prolonged nursery period. The main reasons for the failure of seeds to germinate in suitable conditions are either dead or dormant. The delayed germination of palmyrah might be due to the stony endocarp acting as a physical barrier to imbibition or imposing mechanical resistance to embryo enlargement. Against this backdrop, this review focuses on seed dormancy, pre-sowing seed treatment, nursery technology, and seed storage behaviour of palmyrah.Palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) is a slow growing, dioecious, drought resistant palm and considered to be native of Tropical Africa. It is cultivated as well as found growing in wild in the Indian subcontinent. It is distributed in India, Burma, Africa and Sri Lanka. Several problems are encountered in germination of seeds in palmyrah such as poor, protracted germination and prolonged nursery period. The main reasons for the failure of seeds to germinate in suitable conditions are either dead or dormant. The delayed germination of palmyrah might be due to the stony endocarp acting as a physical barrier to imbibition or imposing mechanical resistance to embryo enlargement. Against this backdrop, this review focuses on seed dormancy, pre-sowing seed treatment, nursery technology, and seed storage behaviour of palmyrah.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81078015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. C. Sekhar, P. Dinesh, Aki Ruthwik, M. Sandeep, M. Y. Vamsi
India ranks second in the global cotton balance, next only China. Cotton is the mainstay of India’s textile industry, accounting for roughly 74% of total textile mill usage. India’s cotton production has increased due to the introduction and rapid geographical expansion of bollworm resistant Bt cotton. The objective of this paper is to compare cotton balance analyses and to investigate the factors that have influenced cotton development over the last 22 years. The pertinent arguments presented in this article support the analytical discussion of the cotton trade’s yearly trends. Between 2000-01 and 2021-22, there will be an average of 30 million bales of cotton produced, 5.6 million exported and 1.4 million imported by India. By adding observable carryover stocks, the entire supply of cotton in India has consistently outperformed the total demand. However, Indian cotton farmers face a variety of issues, including increasing production costs, unmanageable debts, stagnant yields, constant pesticide use, inadequate irrigation, a lack of modern technology, manual picking, vulnerability to contamination, deterioration in genetic purity, competition from artificial fibres, particularly synthetic fibre, fluctuating market prices and lack of CCI participation. To boost cotton output, governments must provide high-yielding, high-quality hybrid seeds and appropriate irrigation infrastructure.
{"title":"India’s Cotton Balance Sheet under Two Decadal Scenarios: A Review","authors":"S. C. Sekhar, P. Dinesh, Aki Ruthwik, M. Sandeep, M. Y. Vamsi","doi":"10.18805/ag.r-2599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2599","url":null,"abstract":"India ranks second in the global cotton balance, next only China. Cotton is the mainstay of India’s textile industry, accounting for roughly 74% of total textile mill usage. India’s cotton production has increased due to the introduction and rapid geographical expansion of bollworm resistant Bt cotton. The objective of this paper is to compare cotton balance analyses and to investigate the factors that have influenced cotton development over the last 22 years. The pertinent arguments presented in this article support the analytical discussion of the cotton trade’s yearly trends. Between 2000-01 and 2021-22, there will be an average of 30 million bales of cotton produced, 5.6 million exported and 1.4 million imported by India. By adding observable carryover stocks, the entire supply of cotton in India has consistently outperformed the total demand. However, Indian cotton farmers face a variety of issues, including increasing production costs, unmanageable debts, stagnant yields, constant pesticide use, inadequate irrigation, a lack of modern technology, manual picking, vulnerability to contamination, deterioration in genetic purity, competition from artificial fibres, particularly synthetic fibre, fluctuating market prices and lack of CCI participation. To boost cotton output, governments must provide high-yielding, high-quality hybrid seeds and appropriate irrigation infrastructure.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7417,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Reviews","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85595732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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