Neuroimage. Reports最新文献_第3页

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on brain morphological changes: A comprehensive approach combining voxel-based morphometry and deep learning 基于脑形态变化的阿尔茨海默病早期诊断：结合体素形态学和深度学习的综合方法

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100315

Mohammad Rezaei , Shaghayegh Mohammadikhaveh , Hadis Faraji , Ramin Ardalani , Mina Rezaei , Alireza Shirazinodeh

Deep learning algorithms optimize data by enhancing resolution and suppressing noise associated with biological knowledge. The root issue is that, for example, CNNs learning mathematical patterns from statistical correlations in the data without regard to biological cues whatsoever, and merely apply filters such as max pooling, never grasping what the biological cues they are supposed to investigate are. This blind procedure can indeed be in technical language; however, it does not help to identify meaningful insights into neuroimaging, where interpretability is essential, and such inadequacies pose a grave challenge. In our research, rather than depending on the CNNs and FCNs only for the feature extractions, we have integrated biologically motivated features into voxel-based morphometry as well as deep learning. Our goal is to analyze T1-weighted MRI scans and T2-Flair images to investigate the characteristics of gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, and white matter Hyperintensity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who lie on the spectrum between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). So we extracted critical structural features such as white matter Hyperintensity, gray matter volume, white matter volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, and cortical thickness. These are biologically meaningful biomarkers that reflect the neurodegenerative alterations directly. To validate our method, after the detection of biological features, we have converted them into 3-bit, 4-bit, 8-bit, and 16-bit images. These images were used as inputs for both FCN and CNN models to investigate the early symptoms of AD from classified intracranial features.

深度学习算法通过提高分辨率和抑制与生物知识相关的噪声来优化数据。根本问题是，例如，cnn从数据中的统计相关性中学习数学模式，而不考虑任何生物线索，并且仅仅应用诸如最大池化之类的过滤器，从未掌握他们应该调查的生物线索是什么。这种盲目的过程确实可以用技术语言来表达；然而，它并不能帮助识别对神经影像学有意义的见解，其中可解释性是必不可少的，这种不足构成了一个严重的挑战。在我们的研究中，我们将生物动机特征集成到基于体素的形态测量和深度学习中，而不是仅仅依赖于cnn和fcn进行特征提取。我们的目标是分析t1加权MRI扫描和T2-Flair图像，以研究处于正常衰老和阿尔茨海默病（AD）之间的轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者的灰质、白质、脑脊液和白质高强度的特征。因此，我们提取了关键的结构特征，如白质高强度、灰质体积、白质体积、脑脊液体积和皮层厚度。这些是直接反映神经退行性改变的有生物学意义的生物标志物。为了验证我们的方法，在检测到生物特征后，我们将它们转换成3位、4位、8位和16位的图像。这些图像被用作FCN和CNN模型的输入，从分类的颅内特征来研究AD的早期症状。

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引用次数: 0

Using, misusing, and improving online machine learning-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging published data: A perspective on NeuroQuery 使用、误用和改进基于在线机器学习的神经影像学发表数据的元分析：对NeuroQuery的看法

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100306

Yara Mahafza , Irvine Mason , Andre Telfer , Argel Aguilar-Valles, Amedeo D'Angiulli

Online, text-based meta-analysis tools for large databases represent a new digital advance for medical, health, and neuroscience research, among other fields. NeuroQuery is an instance of such a tool for neuroimaging research; it employs supervised machine learning to draw from over 13,000 publications and perform a meta-synthesis, generating predictive fMRI scans based on keyword combinations. Although NeuroQuery is a sophisticated tool, a lack of understanding of how it practically works and its limitations may lead to flawed results and conclusions, undermining its potential value. We review potential risks and limitations, including algorithm limitations, potential biases in the database, and user misinterpretation. Simulating the perspective of an end user, we present an example of unreliable but possible metanalysis results on autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). We then report an analysis of the underlying query from a sophisticated user perspective. Using the same examples, we illustrate possible improvements for the use of NeuroQuery and identify how this tool may be valuable in the context of emerging machine-learning meta-analytical approaches. Although a thorough understanding of NeuroQuery is helpful, we conclude that understanding its limitations plays a more critical role in ensuring validity and reliability of its use. While NeuroQuery is currently not appropriate for rigorous scientific analysis, it could be useful for hypothesis development, preliminary fMRI data mining, exploratory and supplemental analysis as well as literature survey.

用于大型数据库的在线、基于文本的元分析工具代表了医学、健康和神经科学研究等领域的新数字进步。NeuroQuery是神经成像研究工具的一个例子；它采用监督式机器学习，从超过1.3万份出版物中提取数据，并进行综合分析，根据关键词组合生成预测的功能磁共振成像扫描结果。虽然NeuroQuery是一个复杂的工具，但缺乏对其实际工作原理及其局限性的了解可能会导致有缺陷的结果和结论，从而破坏其潜在价值。我们回顾了潜在的风险和限制，包括算法限制、数据库中的潜在偏差和用户误解。模拟终端用户的角度，我们提出了一个不可靠但可能的自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）元分析结果的例子。然后，我们从复杂的用户角度报告对底层查询的分析。使用相同的示例，我们说明了使用NeuroQuery的可能改进，并确定该工具在新兴机器学习元分析方法的背景下如何有价值。虽然彻底了解NeuroQuery是有帮助的，但我们得出结论，了解其局限性在确保其使用的有效性和可靠性方面起着更关键的作用。虽然NeuroQuery目前不适合严格的科学分析，但它可以用于假设发展，初步的fMRI数据挖掘，探索性和补充分析以及文献调查。

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引用次数: 0

Altered structural networks and cognitive functioning in long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors 儿童脑肿瘤长期幸存者的结构网络和认知功能改变

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100307

Kristien Bullens , Charlotte Sleurs , Jeroen Blommaert , Rebeca Alejandra Gavrila Laic , Ahmed Radwan , Laurien De Roeck , Patrick Dupont , Jurgen Lemiere , Sandra Jacobs

Pediatric brain tumor (PBT) survivors frequently exhibit long-term changes in brain network organization and cognition. This study investigated structural brain networks among PBT survivors, exploring the potential influence of radiotherapy during childhood.

Cognitive assessments and MRIs were acquired in 20 irradiated and 26 non-irradiated PBT survivors, and 47 healthy controls. Multi-shell diffusion-weighted MRIs were processed to perform tractography and construct weighted graphs. Whole-brain and local graph measures, including hub scores, were calculated. Group differences in cognitive performance and network measures were analyzed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Additionally, the susceptibility of hub regions to reorganization and their relationship to cognition were explored.

PBT survivors showed poorer performance on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Task, some Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale subtests, and figure tapping task of the Amsterdam Neuropsychologic Tasks. Structural network analyses revealed higher whole-brain clustering coefficients in both survivor groups. Locally, clustering coefficients were higher in several regions, particularly in irradiated survivors. Although hub locations were largely preserved, their relative strength showed variability. Differences in local graph measures were more frequently significant in hub regions with higher hub scores. These findings indicate that survivors’ structural brain networks undergo reorganization following a PBT and its treatment, especially if survivors had received radiotherapy. Clustering coefficient emerged as the most prominently altered network measure, which was linked to cognitive performance, particularly in hub regions. These results highlight the potential role of structural brain networks to unravel the cause of long-term cognitive outcomes in PBT survivors.

儿童脑肿瘤（PBT）幸存者经常表现出大脑网络组织和认知的长期变化。本研究调查了PBT幸存者的脑结构网络，探讨儿童时期放疗的潜在影响。对20名辐照和26名未辐照的PBT幸存者以及47名健康对照进行认知评估和核磁共振成像。对多壳层扩散加权核磁共振成像进行束状造影并构建加权图。计算全脑和局部图测量，包括中枢评分。认知表现和网络测量的组间差异采用方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis分析。此外，还探讨了中枢区域对重组的易感性及其与认知的关系。PBT幸存者在皮博迪图片词汇任务、韦氏成人智力量表部分子测试和阿姆斯特丹神经心理任务中的图形挖掘任务上表现较差。结构网络分析显示，两组幸存者的全脑聚类系数都较高。局部，聚类系数在一些地区较高，特别是在辐照幸存者中。虽然中心位置在很大程度上被保留了下来，但它们的相对强度表现出可变性。在枢纽得分较高的枢纽地区，局部图测量的差异更为显著。这些发现表明，在PBT及其治疗后，幸存者的结构脑网络发生重组，特别是如果幸存者接受了放疗。聚类系数是最显著改变的网络测量，它与认知表现有关，特别是在枢纽地区。这些结果强调了大脑结构网络的潜在作用，揭示了PBT幸存者长期认知结果的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Resting-state fMRI analysis of functional connectivity and temporal dynamics differences between cocaine users and healthy controls 静息状态fMRI分析可卡因使用者与健康对照的功能连通性和时间动态差异

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100304

Sravani Varanasi , Tianye Zhai , Hong Gu , Betty Jo Salmeron , Yihong Yang , Fow-Sen Choa

Understanding alterations in functional connectivity among individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) is critical for elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying addiction. In this study, we applied Energy Landscape Analysis (ELA), an energy-based machine learning method, to examine whole-brain functional connectivity differences between SUD patients and healthy controls (HCs). A key methodological challenge in ELA lies in the selection of appropriate Regions of Interest (ROIs) from comprehensive brain atlases. To address this, we employed seed-based connectivity analysis to identify task-relevant ROIs, thereby overcoming the limitation of focusing on a restricted subset of regions. The dataset comprised 53 cocaine users (CUs) and 52 age- and sex-matched HCs, with functional MRI data preprocessed using the CONN toolbox. ROI-to-ROI seed-based connectivity was computed through first- and second-level analyses. ELA revealed that HCs exhibited stronger positive connectivity between cerebellar and visual regions, whereas CUs showed stronger positive connectivity between the cerebellum and the inferior temporal gyrus (temporooccipital part; toITG). Seven low-energy connectivity states were identified that differentiated the two groups. In these states, the cerebellum and toITG demonstrated antagonistic activation patterns, while the cerebellum and visual cortex co-activated in HCs. Temporal dynamics analyses further indicated that HCs visited these low-energy states more frequently, driven by shorter dwell times but higher transition rates. These findings suggest that cocaine addiction may reflect a weakening of adaptive, protective (“guardian”) connectivity patterns, rather than an increased propensity to remain in maladaptive connectivity states. Collectively, these results highlight key network-level distinctions between HCs and CUs and offer new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of cocaine addiction.

了解物质使用障碍（SUD）患者之间功能连接的改变对于阐明成瘾的神经机制至关重要。在这项研究中，我们应用能量景观分析（ELA），一种基于能量的机器学习方法，来检查SUD患者和健康对照（hc）之间全脑功能连接的差异。ELA的关键方法挑战在于从综合脑图谱中选择适当的感兴趣区域（roi）。为了解决这个问题，我们采用基于种子的连通性分析来识别任务相关的roi，从而克服了专注于有限区域子集的局限性。该数据集包括53名可卡因使用者（cu）和52名年龄和性别匹配的hc，并使用CONN工具箱对功能MRI数据进行预处理。通过一级和二级分析计算基于roi到roi种子的连通性。ELA显示HCs在小脑和视觉区之间表现出更强的正连通性，而CUs在小脑和颞下回（颞枕部；toITG）之间表现出更强的正连通性。七个低能连通性状态被确定为区分两组。在这些状态下，小脑和toITG表现出拮抗激活模式，而小脑和视觉皮层在hc中共同激活。时间动力学分析进一步表明，hc更频繁地访问这些低能态，这是由更短的停留时间和更高的跃迁速率驱动的。这些发现表明，可卡因成瘾可能反映了适应性、保护性（“监护人”）连接模式的减弱，而不是保持不适应连接状态的倾向增加。总的来说，这些结果突出了hc和cu之间的关键网络水平差异，并为可卡因成瘾的神经生物学机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A scoping review of portable ultra-low-field MRI studies in patients with acquired brain injury: Past, present, and future 对获得性脑损伤患者的便携式超低场MRI研究的范围回顾：过去，现在和未来。

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100324

Neel Joshi , Jade Guarnera , Kh Tohidul Islam , Zhaolin Chen , Parisa Zakavi , Hamed Akhlaghi , Jean Lee , Karen Caeyenberghs , Juan F. Domínguez D

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) refers to any post-birth damage to the brain, commonly resulting from traumatic events (traumatic brain injury) or non-traumatic events (such as stroke, brain disease, or infection). In Australia, ABI places a substantial economic burden on society. Assessment using high-field (HF) MRI is critical after sustaining an ABI however its usage is impeded by scanner availability and stringent safety requirements. Portable ultra-low-field (ULF MRI) may address these challenges. This review summarises literature on portable ULF MRI use in ABI patients, and outlines its safety and efficacy in detecting structural abnormalities and assessing extent of damage. A systematic search using four databases yielded 20 studies: six studies in stroke, one in traumatic brain injury (TBI), three in brain tumours, three in multiple sclerosis, and eight in other neurological disorders. The findings suggest that portable ULF MRI has been used primarily in critical care and found it was safe for use in the presence of ferromagnetic material and with patients on mechanical aids (e.g. ventilator). Most studies also reported high sensitivity and specificity in detecting various lesions (e.g. ischemic stroke, TBI), particularly those that utilised deep learning to generate a synthetic scan. Strong volumetric correlations between portable ULF MRI and traditional neuroimaging were also reported. Portable ULF MRI usage in ABI patients is encouraging, however lack of diverse ABI samples and quantitative analyses limit its generalisability. Studies in a research context, carried out under controlled conditions, with larger samples (and across multiple centres) are necessary to ascertain portable ULF MRI's validity and reliability vis-à-vis conventional HF MRI.

获得性脑损伤（ABI）是指出生后对大脑的任何损伤，通常由创伤性事件（创伤性脑损伤）或非创伤性事件（如中风、脑部疾病或感染）引起。在澳大利亚，ABI给社会带来了沉重的经济负担。在维持ABI后，使用高场（HF） MRI进行评估是至关重要的，但其使用受到扫描仪可用性和严格的安全要求的阻碍。便携式超低场MRI （ULF MRI）可以解决这些挑战。本文综述了在ABI患者中使用便携式ULF MRI的文献，并概述了其在检测结构异常和评估损伤程度方面的安全性和有效性。对四个数据库的系统搜索产生了20项研究：6项关于中风的研究，1项关于创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的研究，3项关于脑肿瘤的研究，3项关于多发性硬化症的研究，8项关于其他神经系统疾病的研究。研究结果表明，便携式超高频磁共振成像主要用于重症监护，并发现在铁磁性物质存在和使用机械辅助设备（如呼吸机）的患者中使用是安全的。大多数研究还报告了检测各种病变（例如缺血性中风，TBI）的高灵敏度和特异性，特别是那些利用深度学习生成合成扫描的研究。便携式ULF MRI与传统神经成像之间也有很强的体积相关性。便携式ULF MRI在ABI患者中的应用是令人鼓舞的，然而缺乏多样化的ABI样本和定量分析限制了其通用性。在受控条件下进行的研究背景下，有必要进行更大样本（跨多个中心）的研究，以确定便携式ULF MRI相对-à-vis传统HF MRI的有效性和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

A null findings study: graph theoretical analysis of the fetal functional connectome shows no relationships with future autistic traits 一项无效发现研究：胎儿功能连接体的图理论分析显示与未来的自闭症特征没有关系。

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100326

Bosi Chen , Lanxin Ji , Iris Menu , Alexis Taylor , Christopher J. Trentacosta , Moriah E. Thomason

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, with ex vivo studies suggesting its neurobiological origin as early as the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Functional MRI studies using graph-theoretical approaches have isolated features in the global connectome architecture that distinguish toddlers with ASD from their typically developing peers. Additionally, functional connectivity patterns in the infant brain have shown to be predictive of later ASD diagnosis. An important yet unexplored question in the literature is whether graph-theoretical differences are evident prior to infancy, in the brain of fetuses who will later exhibit ASD traits in early childhood. In this study, we address this question using a sample of 88 children with both quality-assured fetal brain resting-state functional MRI data and standardized parent assessment of ASD traits including social-emotional and social communication skills and repetitive and restricted behaviors at age 3. Multiple regression analyses revealed no significant associations between fetal global graph features (e.g., network segregation, integration, and small-world architecture) and ASD traits at age 3 (p's > 0.1). Therefore, our findings do not provide support for prenatal emergence of global topographical differences of brain functional organization in fetuses who later develop ASD traits. However, this does not rule out the possibility of other neural signatures in the fetal functional connectome that may predict autistic traits and future ASD diagnosis.

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育疾病，体外研究表明其神经生物学起源早在怀孕的前三个月和中期。使用图理论方法的功能性MRI研究分离了全球连接体结构的特征，这些特征将ASD幼儿与正常发育的同龄人区分开来。此外，婴儿大脑的功能连接模式已被证明可以预测后来的ASD诊断。文献中一个重要但尚未探索的问题是，在婴儿期之前，胎儿大脑中的图理论差异是否明显，这些胎儿后来会在儿童早期表现出ASD特征。在这项研究中，我们通过88名儿童的样本来解决这个问题，这些儿童有质量保证的胎儿大脑静息状态功能MRI数据和标准化的父母评估ASD特征，包括3岁时的社会情感和社会沟通技能以及重复和限制性行为。多元回归分析显示，胎儿整体图特征（例如，网络隔离、整合和小世界架构）与3岁时的ASD特征之间没有显著关联（p's >.1）。因此，我们的研究结果并不能为后来发展为ASD特征的胎儿的大脑功能组织的整体地形差异的产前出现提供支持。然而，这并不排除胎儿功能连接组中可能预测自闭症特征和未来ASD诊断的其他神经特征的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Associations between structural brain alterations and dysfunction across cognitive domains in cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis 脑结构改变与脑小血管疾病认知领域功能障碍之间的关联：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100312

Zhijie Zhang , Xunqi Qian , Hua Zhang , Zijun Zhao , Wei Wang , Jingpei Wei

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a primary contributor to vascular cognitive impairment. Although extensive research has examined white matter alterations in CSVD, cortical mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction remain incompletely characterized. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 studies investigating whether structure-cognition relationships in CSVD could be interpreted through biologically defined functional brain networks. By mapping structural features to the Yeo-7 functional atlas, we offer a network-based perspective on cognitive impairment in this population. Our integrated results demonstrate significant associations between structural alterations and all cognitive domains in CSVD patients. Notably, higher-order cognitive processes (e.g., executive function, attention and processing speed) involved more extensive functional networks than other domains. These findings help synthesize heterogeneous neuroanatomical literature on CSVD through contemporary network neuroscience frameworks, suggesting structure-cognition relationships may align with functional network architecture.

脑血管病（CSVD）是血管性认知障碍的主要原因。尽管广泛的研究已经检查了CSVD中白质的改变，但认知功能障碍的皮质机制仍然不完全明确。为了解决这一差距，我们对26项研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，研究了CSVD的结构-认知关系是否可以通过生物学定义的功能性脑网络来解释。通过将结构特征映射到Yeo-7功能图谱，我们提供了一个基于网络的视角来研究这一人群的认知障碍。我们的综合结果表明结构改变与CSVD患者所有认知领域之间存在显著关联。值得注意的是，高阶认知过程（如执行功能、注意力和处理速度）比其他领域涉及更广泛的功能网络。这些发现有助于通过当代网络神经科学框架综合关于CSVD的异质神经解剖学文献，表明结构-认知关系可能与功能网络结构一致。

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引用次数: 0

Real-time phase-contrast MRI can be used to quantify cerebrovascular reserve capacity – a comparative study to neurovascular ultrasound in healthy subjects 实时相对比MRI可用于量化脑血管储备容量-与健康受试者神经血管超声的比较研究

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100332

Christian Horstmann , Sabine Hofer , Peter Dechent , Mathias Bähr , Ilko Maier

Background

Cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVRC) is reduced in patients with advanced large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and represents a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Aim of this study was to compare CVRC testing derived by neurovascular ultrasound (nvUS) and real-time phase-contrast MRI (RT-PC MRI).

Methods

In this study 25 subjects (age 33±13 years) without any LAA were first investigated with nvUS followed by RT-PC MRI performing a standardized hyperventilation-apnea-test. CVRC was determined in the medial (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) using transtemporal nvUS and RT-PC MRI at 25 fps temporal resolution, 0.8×0.8 mm² in plane resolution and a slice thickness of 6 mm during free breathing. For statistical analysis a paired t-test and a pearson correlation were used at α=0.05.

Results

Overall, peak-systolic velocities (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV) showed lower values for the RT-PC MRI as compared to nvUS. The PSV-decrease during hyperventilation relative to baseline was higher in RT-PC MRI measurements (22% (MCA) and 26% (PCA) for nvUS vs. 34% (MCA) and 39% (PCA) for RT-PC MRI, p<0.001), while the relative PSV-increase from hyperventilation to apnea was comparable between both modalities with a mean difference of <10% (62% (MCA) and 78% (PCA) for nvUS vs. 70% (MCA) and 84% (PCA) for RT-PC MRI, p=0.171 for MCA and p=0.324 for PCA).

Conclusions

Both nvUS and RT-PC MRI based CVRC measurements showed reliable de- and increases in PSV during the standardized breathing protocol. RT-PC MRI represents a promising technique to determine CVRC in various intracranial vessels.

背景：晚期大动脉粥样硬化（LAA）患者的脑血管储备容量（CVRC）降低，是缺血性卒中的危险因素。本研究的目的是比较神经血管超声（nvUS）和实时相位对比MRI （RT-PC MRI）得出的CVRC检测结果。方法在本研究中，25名无LAA的受试者（年龄33±13岁）首先使用nvUS进行调查，然后使用RT-PC MRI进行标准化的过度通气-呼吸暂停测试。在自由呼吸时，使用经颞叶nvUS和RT-PC MRI以25 fps的时间分辨率，0.8×0.8 mm2的平面分辨率和6 mm的切片厚度测定大脑内侧动脉（MCA）和大脑后动脉（PCA）的CVRC。统计分析采用配对t检验和pearson相关性，α=0.05。结果总的来说，与nvUS相比，RT-PC MRI显示收缩峰值速度（PSV）和舒张末期速度（EDV）值较低。在RT-PC MRI测量中，过度通气期间相对于基线的psv下降更高(nvUS为22% （MCA）和26% (PCA)，而RT-PC MRI为34% （MCA）和39% (PCA), p<0.001)，而过度通气到呼吸暂停的相对psv增加在两种模式之间是相当的，平均差异为<；10% (nvUS为62% （MCA）和78% （PCA)， RT-PC MRI为70% （MCA）和84% (PCA)， MCA为p=0.171， PCA为p=0.324）。结论：在标准化呼吸方案中，nvUS和基于RT-PC MRI的CVRC测量均显示PSV的可靠降低和增加。RT-PC MRI是一种很有前途的检测颅内各种血管CVRC的技术。

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引用次数: 0

Corticomuscular coherence and its non-invasive modulation in stroke applications: a narrative review 脑卒中应用中的皮质肌肉一致性及其非侵入性调节：叙述性回顾。

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100329

Yuchen Xu , Shaomin Zhang , Minmin Wang , Mohamad Sawan

Neural activities are widely observed in the central nervous system and are essential for movement execution. Corticomuscular coherence (CMC) represents the coherence of oscillatory communication between motor cortex and peripheral muscles. Motor function impairments caused by stroke often involve abnormal CMC patterns. This review aimed to investigate CMC and how to modulate them for post-stroke functional recovery. We first introduced the origins of CMC in movement execution. We then explored how stroke affects CMC. Based on these abnormal CMC patterns, we summarized potential non-invasive neuromodulation strategies. A deeper understanding of CMC in beta band (∼15-30 Hz) could clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying movement and aid in improving stroke rehabilitation.

神经活动在中枢神经系统中广泛存在，对运动的执行至关重要。皮质肌相干性（CMC）代表运动皮层与周围肌肉之间振荡通讯的相干性。脑卒中引起的运动功能损害常与异常的CMC模式有关。这篇综述旨在探讨CMC以及如何调节其在脑卒中后功能恢复中的作用。我们首先在移动执行中介绍了CMC的起源。然后我们探讨了中风如何影响CMC。基于这些异常的CMC模式，我们总结了潜在的非侵入性神经调节策略。更深入地了解β波段（~ 15-30 Hz）的CMC可以阐明运动的生理机制，并有助于改善脑卒中康复。

引用次数: 0

Case report: Hemodynamic dynamics in central variant PRES via serial ASL/DTI 病例报告：通过串行ASL/DTI治疗中央变异性PRES的血流动力学。

Q4 Neuroscience

Neuroimage. Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100334

Xueping Lu , Kai Tang , Qiao Wang , Wenyu Wang , Xinling Xie , Changqing Zhan

Background

Central variant posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare subtype (4% of cases) affecting brainstem and deep structures, presenting with severe hypertension but minimal neurological deficits, creating diagnostic challenges.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old man presented with a two-month history of severe, refractory headache and malignant hypertension (256/150 mmHg). Brain MRI revealed diffuse T2-weighted and FLAIR hyperintensity in the pons and right middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP). Using serial arterial spin labeling (ASL) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we provide the first longitudinal evidence of acute-phase biphasic hemodynamics in central variant PRES: concurrent pontine CBF of 27.1 mL/100 g/min (contralateral reference: 25.2 ± 1.8 mL/100 g/min) and right MCP CBF of 29.3 mL/100 g/min (contralateral reference: 39.1 ± 2.1 mL/100 g/min). This regional perfusion imbalance is consistent with autoregulatory failure and blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise, leading to vasogenic edema. Critically, the coexistence of these opposing patterns reveals complementary hemodynamic phenotypes of cerebrovascular dysregulation. Post-treatment, pontine CBF was 25.3 mL/100 g/min (contralateral reference: 25.3 ± 1.8 mL/100 g/min) and right MCP CBF was 38.6 mL/100 g/min (contralateral reference: 39.2 ± 2.2 mL/100 g/min), both within the reference range of the contralateral regions, accompanied by progressive increase of fractional anisotropy (FA) on DTI at both the 6-day and 90-day follow-up imaging time points.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates biphasic hemodynamic changes in central variant PRES, supporting autoregulatory failure as the mechanism. Serial ASL/DTI provide valuable biomarkers for monitoring recovery in this rare phenotype.

背景：中枢性变异性后可逆性脑病综合征（PRES）是一种罕见的亚型（4%的病例），影响脑干和深部结构，表现为严重的高血压，但有轻微的神经功能障碍，给诊断带来挑战。病例介绍：一名34岁男性，有两个月的严重难治性头痛和恶性高血压病史（256/150 mmHg）。脑MRI示脑桥及右侧小脑中脚弥漫性t2加权及FLAIR高信号。通过连续动脉自旋标记（ASL）和弥散张量成像（DTI），我们首次提供了中枢性变异性PRES急性期双相血流动力学的纵向证据：并发脑桥CBF为27.1 mL/ 100g /min（对侧参考：25.2±1.8 mL/ 100g /min），右MCP CBF为29.3 mL/ 100g /min（对侧参考：39.1±2.1 mL/ 100g /min）。这种局部灌注失衡与自身调节功能衰竭和血脑屏障（BBB）受损一致，导致血管源性水肿。至关重要的是，这些相反模式的共存揭示了脑血管失调的互补血流动力学表型。治疗后，脑桥CBF为25.3 mL/ 100g /min（对侧参比：25.3±1.8 mL/ 100g /min），右侧MCP CBF为38.6 mL/ 100g /min（对侧参比：39.2±2.2 mL/ 100g /min），均在对侧区域的参考范围内，在随访6天和90天的成像时间点，DTI分数各向异性（FA）渐进式增加。结论：本病例中枢性变异体PRES出现双相血流动力学改变，支持自身调节功能衰竭为其机制。序列ASL/DTI为监测这种罕见表型的恢复提供了有价值的生物标志物。

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